Alle Publikationen
2010
-
(2010): Emotions, norms, and the genealogy of fairness. In: Politics, Philosophy & Economics 9 (3), S. 275-296. DOI: 10.1177/1470594X09345478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X09345478 Abstract: In The Grammar of Society, Bicchieri maintains that behavior in the Ultimatum game (and related economic games) depends on people’s allegiance to ‘social norms’. In this article, I follow Bicchieri in maintaining that an adequate account of people’s behavior in such games must make appeal to norms, including a norm of equal division; I depart from Bicchieri in maintaining that at least part of the population desires to follow such norms even when they do not expect others to follow them. This generates a puzzle, however: why do norms of equal division have such cultural resilience? One possibility is that our natural emotional propensity for envy makes norms of equal division emotionally appealing. An alternative (but complementary) possibility is that deviations from a norm of equal division would naturally be interpreted as threats to status, which would facilitate the moralization of such norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2010): Privacy in context. Technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford, California: Standford University Press. Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/academiccompletetitles/home.action
Abstract: As use of information technology increases, we worry that our personal information is being shared inappropriately, violating key social norms and irreversibly eroding privacy. This book describes how societies ought to go about deciding when to allow technology to lead change and when to resist it in the name of privacy
Keywords: contextual integrity, Contextual Integrity Theory, Datenschutz, Datenschutz & Privatssphäre, Disziplin, Ethik, Favoriten, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Information policy, Information technology, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Informationstechnik, Integrität, Medienwissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Persönlichkeitsrecht, Philosophie, Privacy and data, Privacy, Right of, Privatsphäre, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Social aspects, Social Norms, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Technikphilosophie, USA -
(2010): Mental health care and the politics of inclusion. A social systems account of psychiatric deinstitutionalization. In: Theoretical medicine and bioethics 31 (6), S. 411-427. DOI: 10.1007/s11017-010-9155-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20711755 Abstract: This paper provides an interpretation, based on the social systems theory of German sociologist Niklas Luhmann, of the recent paradigmatic shift of mental health care from an asylum-based model to a community-oriented network of services. The observed shift is described as the development of psychiatry as a function system of modern society and whose operative goal has moved from the medical and social management of a lower and marginalized group to the specialized medical and psychological care of the whole population. From this theoretical viewpoint, the wider deployment of the modern social order as a functionally differentiated system may be considered to be a consistent driving force for this process; it has made asylum psychiatry overly incompatible with prevailing social values (particularly with the normative and regulative principle of inclusion of all individuals in the different functional spheres of society and with the common patterns of participation in modern function systems) and has, in turn, required the availability of psychiatric care for a growing number of individuals. After presenting this account, some major challenges for the future of mental health care provision, such as the overburdening of services or the overt exclusion of a significant group of potential users, are identified and briefly discussed.
Keywords: Bioethics,, Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration, Deinstitutionalization, Diskriminierung, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Health Services Accessibility, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Medizin, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Pathologie, Patient Care Team, Pflege, Politics, Psychiatry/trends, social systems, ethics, Social Values, Soziale Ordnung, Spain, systems theory, Werte -
(2010): Plurale Weltinterpretationen und Transdifferenz: Dominanz- und Interaktionsmodell in der alltäglichen Praxis der West-Tyva in Süd-Sibirien. In: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 135 (2), S. 305-336
Abstract: This article analyses the flexible way of handling plural models of world interpretation in West Tyvan daily practice. Based on fieldwork in the Republic of Tyva (Russian Federation) in 20042005, it is part of a research project that led to a dissertation submitted to Leipzig University in 2010. At least two models of world interpretation could be identified. Both exist as realities of equal value but can structurally be differentiated as "model of dominance" and "model of interaction." The first stresses "the human dominance over the environment, seen as a series of more or less passive objects of human agency," the second emphasizes the "interaction in a world enclosing humans and consisting of both human and non-human subjects." Both models are coherent systems and belong in equal degree to the repertoire of knowledge, behaviour and acting of West Tyvan agents. To them, these models count as equal and mutually contradictory. The models compete and oppose each other, but form a continuum within a single person to the effect that the human agent is constantly positioning itself, depending on situation and context. The empirical material demonstrates that West Tyvans use these models in various ways - replacing, complementing and mixing them according to their needs in specific contexts.
-
(2010): Social Ecology: Lost and Found in Psychological Science. In: Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 5 (4), S. 356-377. DOI: 10.1177/1745691610374588
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610374588 Abstract: This article presents a socioecological approach (accounting for physical, societal, and interpersonal environments) to psychological theorizing and research. First, we demonstrate that economic systems, political systems, religious systems, climates, and geography exert a distal yet important influ …
-
(2010): Hippocampal contributions to the processing of architectural ranking. In: NEUROIMAGE 50 (2), S. 742-752
Abstract: Theories of rhetoric and architecture suggest that buildings designed to be high ranking according to the Western architectural decorum have more impact on the minds of their beholders than low-ranking buildings. Here, we used event-related potentials in a visual object categorization task to probe this assumption and to examine whether the hippocampus contributes to the processing of architectural ranking. We found that early negative potentials between 200 and 400 ms differentiated between high- and low-ranking buildings in healthy subjects and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis. By contrast, late positive potentials between 400 and 600 ms were higher in amplitude to high-ranking buildings only in healthy subjects and TLE patients without but not in TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis. These findings suggest that the differentiation between high- and low-ranking buildings entails both early visual object selection and late post-model selection processes and that the hippocampus proper contributes critically to this second stage of visual object categorization.
-
(2010) : What is moral courage? : Definition, explication, and classification of a complex construct In: Pury, Cynthia L. S.; Lopez, Shane J. (Hg.): The psychology of courage: Modern research on an ancient virtue: 1st ed.: Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association (Decade of behavior, 2000-2010), S. 149-164
Abstract: Examined the prosocial behavior of moral courage, also known as civil courage. In this overview, the authors attempt to highlight this construct by comparing it to other prosocial behaviors like helping behavior and heroism. The authors note that moral courage differs from other prosocial constructs in that negative social consequences can also accompany acts of moral courage. Research about classical determinants of helping behavior that do not affect moral courage and determinants that foster moral courageous behavior are included. Models for moral courage as well as scales to measure it are presented. Practical implementations, such as moral courage training workshops, are discussed. It is concluded that moral courage should be examined as an independent subtype of prosocial behavior and not be subsumed under prosocial behaviors such as helping behavior or heroism.
Keywords: Courage, FEAR, Heroes, Intention, Moral, Morality, social control, Social Norms, Sympathy, Terminology, Verhaltensforschung, Zivilcourage -
(2010): Eestlaste ja venelaste suhtluskäitumine. Sina, teie ja keegi veel. In: Eesti Rakenduslingvistika Ühingu aastaraamat. Estonian Papers in Applied Linguistics 6, S. 207-224. DOI: 10.5128/ERYa6.13
Abstract: This paper examines linguistic politeness among Estonians and Russians in Estonia. We raise the question of how groups living in different conditions of societal bilingualism acknowledge different politeness norms and hence exhibit different politeness behavior. Our study focuses especially on the choice of the formal or informal second person pronoun (the T/V phenomenon), but we also investigate other aspects of interaction (such as respondents' metalinguistic awareness of forms of address and reference to an absent third person). The analysis is based on university students' responses to a sociolinguistic questionnaire. Data from native Russian speakers in St. Petersburg are used for comparison with data from Russian speakers in Estonia. On the basis of the findings from this study, we conclude that the communicative culture of Russians and Estonians is not greatly different, although certain particularities exist which differentiate them. Both Russians and Estonians use the formal V pronoun when addressing strangers older than themselves. The most notable difference in making the choice between forms of address is that Russians choose the formal V form primarily on the basis of age difference, addressing even close acquaintances with V if they are older. This behavior is explained by the speakers with the concept of uvazenie, or "respect". For Estonians, age differences are less significant than familiarity, and close acquaintances or relatives are usually addressed with T, even if they are much older. There is no clear, unified stereotypical explanation among the Estonian respondents of why one should use V with anyone (for instance, a lecturer). Explanations tend to appeal to the context of discourse (e.g. it is habitual to use V in the context of academic discussion). Because the norms for using V are clearer amongst Russian speakers, Russians seem to have fewer dilemmas than Estonians regarding which form to use.
-
(2010): Social responses to virtual humans: The effect of human-like characteristics.. In: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 70 (9-B)
Abstract: A framework for understanding the social responses to virtual humans suggests that human-like characteristics (e.g., facial expressions, voice, expression of emotion) act as cues that lead a person to place the agent into the category 'human' and thus, elicit social responses. Given this framework, this research was designed to answer two outstanding questions that had been raised in the research community (Moon & Nass, 2000): (1) If a virtual human has more human-like characteristics, will it elicit stronger social responses from people? (2) How do the human-like characteristics interact in terms of the strength of social responses? Two social psychological (social facilitation and politeness norm) experiments were conducted to answer these questions. The first experiment investigated whether virtual humans can evoke a social facilitation response and how strong that response is when participants are given different cognitive tasks (e.g., anagrams, mazes, modular arithmetic) that vary in difficulty. They did the tasks alone, in the company of another person, or in the company of a virtual human that varied in terms of features. The second experiment investigated whether people apply politeness norms to virtual humans. Participants were tutored and quizzed either by a virtual human tutor that varied in terms of features or a human tutor. Participants then evaluated the tutor's performance either directly by the tutor or indirectly via a paper and pencil questionnaire. Results indicate that virtual humans can produce social facilitation not only with facial appearance but also with voice recordings. In addition, performance in the presence of voice synced facial appearance seems to elicit stronger social facilitation (i.e., no statistical difference compared to performance in the human presence condition) than in the presence of voice only or face only. Similar findings were observed with the politeness norm experiment. Participants who evaluated their tutor directly reported the tutor's performance more favorably than participants who evaluated their tutor indirectly. In addition, this valence toward the voice synced facial appearance had no statistical difference compared to the valence toward the human tutor condition. The results suggest that designers of virtual humans should be mindful about the social nature of virtual humans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2010): Cortical response to social interaction is affected by gender. In: NEUROIMAGE 50 (3), S. 1327-1332. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.096
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056153 Abstract: The ability of humans to predict and explain other people's actions is of immense value for adaptive behavior and nonverbal communication. Gender differences are often evident in the comprehension of social signals, but the underlying neurobiological basis for these differences is unclear. Combining visual psychophysics with an analysis of neuromagnetic activity, we assessed gender effects on the induced oscillatory response to visual social interaction revealed by motion. A robust difference in the induced gamma response was found between females and males over the left prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in perceptual decision making. The induced gamma neuromagnetic response peaked earlier in females than in males. Moreover, it appears that females anticipate social interaction predicting others' actions ahead of their realization, whereas males require accumulation of more sensory evidence for proper social decisions. The findings reflect gender-dependent modes in cortical processing of visually acquired social information. Contrary to popular wisdom, the outcome of this study indicates that gender effects are not evident in the neural circuitry underpinning visual social perception, but in the regions engaged in perceptual decision making. zitiert von 28
-
(2010): Emotion processing and the amygdala: from a 'low road' to 'many roads' of evaluating biological significance. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 11 (11), S. 773-783. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2920
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2920 Abstract: A subcortical pathway through the superior colliculus and pulvinar to the amygdala is commonly assumed to mediate the non-conscious processing of affective visual stimuli. We review anatomical and physiological data that argue against the notion that such a pathway plays a prominent part in processing affective visual stimuli in humans. Instead, we propose that the primary role of the amygdala in visual processing, like that of the pulvinar, is to coordinate the function of cortical networks during evaluation of the biological significance of affective visual stimuli. Under this revised framework, the cortex has a more important role in emotion processing than is traditionally assumed.
-
(2010): Social interactions in urban parks. Stimulating social cohesion?. In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9 (2), S. 93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.003
Abstract: People from all ethnic backgrounds spend some of their leisure time in green areas. This study found that urban parks are more inclusive green places than non-urban green areas, and that urban parks can promote social cohesion. The objective of the research was to establish the extent to which urban parks facilitate social cohesion and how social interaction and place attachment can contribute to such cohesion. Quantitative research (a survey) and qualitative research (observations and interviews) carried out in five urban parks in the Netherlands revealed that there are many similarities in the ways that ethnic groups use urban parks and in the meanings of such parks to these groups. Urban parks are sites where different ethnic groups mingle and where informal and cursory interactions can stimulate social cohesion. Furthermore, being involved and concerned with parks can facilitate attachment to these places. Urban parks can provide a vital locality where everyday experiences are shared and negotiated with a variety of people. The design of a park, its location and people's image of the park in combination with the cultural characteristics of various ethnic groups inform the opportunities for intercultural interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Design -
Peterson, Penelope (2010): International encyclopedia of education. 3. ed.. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Keywords: Moral, science direct -
(2010): Is there a need for a maxim of politeness?. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (5), S. 1266-1282. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.09.001
Abstract: In this article two arguments are given in support of a maxim of politeness. The first argument is that assuming a maxim is part of the best explanation of polite behaviour, considering the problems, which Brown and Levinson's theory and Fraser and Nolen's conversational contract theory have, and which a maxim-based theory does not have. The second argument is that the maxim of politeness is part of rational conversation among potentially aggressive parties. This leads to a new Gricean theory of politeness: the maxim of politeness is seen as an additional conversational maxim under the Cooperative Principle in rational conversations among potentially aggressive parties. The content of the maxim is then determined face-theoretically, incorporating some of Brown and Levinson's ideas into the Gricean theory. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
(2010): L ’ individuation du vivant ( 2 ) . „ Génétique “ et „ ontogenèse “, S. 3-42Keywords: Psychologie
-
(2010): What influences user acceptance of ad-hoc assistance systems? - A quantitative study. In: Mobile und ubiquitäre Informationssysteme - Technologien, Anwendungen und Dienste zur Unterstützung von mobiler Kollaboration. Bick, Markus (Ed.); Eulgem, Stefan (Ed.); Fleisch, Elgar (Ed.); Hampe, J. Felix (Ed.); König-Ries, Birgitta (Ed.); Lehner, Franz
Abstract: Which factors influence user acceptance of Ambient Intelligence applications is an interesting question worth to be studied comprehensively. We describe a quantitative user study that investigates how experience, stress, and system behavior influence user acceptance of an ad-hoc assistance system. We find that stressed users perceive the assistance system as more useful than relaxed users. Furthermore, system behavior influences how useful people perceive the system, and experience influences how easy to use people find the system. Perceived usefulness also depends on how technophile a person is. Following our findings, we develop a scheme of user acceptance and performance.
-
Pury, Cynthia L. S.; Lopez, Shane J. (Hg.) (2010): The psychology of courage. Modern research on an ancient virtue. American Psychological Association; Courage Summit. 1st ed.. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association (Decade of behavior, 2000-2010). Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=pzh&jid=%22200922821%22&scope=site
Abstract: "We have always been drawn to stories of people acting with valor and intrigued to know why and, more important, how they do so. As psychotherapists, we heard daily accounts of people rising to the occasion to overcome adversity and improve their lives. The strength they demonstrated sounded like, looked like, and felt like courage. We each went to the literature in the early 2000s to learn more about this strength, and we each made the same discovery: most researchers did not examine everyday courage in their work. While philosophers have speculated about courage for centuries, the assembled psychological research on courage easily fits into a briefcase. But this situation is changing. A small but growing body of scholarly work now demystifies the courage that all people possess and call on in time of need. The contributors to this volume play an important role in the developing science of courage. Their chapters answer three fundamental questions about any new area of inquiry: What is it? How does it come about? How can understanding it improve individual lives, organizations, and society? Our purpose in addressing these questions goes beyond the academic: We hope to inspire psychologists and other behavioral and social scientists to consider courage in their work, whether it be basic research or applied practice"--Book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2010): Robotic Etiquette: Socially Acceptable Navigation of Service Robots with Human Motion Pattern Learning and Prediction. In: Journal of Bionic Engineering 7 (2), S. 150-160. DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6529(09)60199-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(09)60199-2 Abstract: Nonverbal and noncontact behaviors play a significant role in allowing service robots to structure their interactions with humans. In this paper, a novel human-mimic mechanism of robot's navigational skills was proposed for developing socially acceptable robotic etiquette. Based on the sociological and physiological concerns of interpersonal interactions in movement, several criteria in navigation were represented by constraints and incorporated into a unified probabilistic cost grid for safe motion planning and control, followed by an emphasis on the prediction of the human's movement for adjusting the robot's pre-collision navigational strategy. The human motion prediction utilizes a clustering-based algorithm for modeling humans' indoor motion patterns as well as the combination of the long-term and short-term tendency prediction that takes into account the uncertainties of both velocity and heading direction. Both simulation and real-world experiments verified the effectiveness and reliability of the method to ensure human's safety and comfort in navigation. A statistical user trials study was also given to validate the users' favorable views of the human-friendly navigational behavior.
-
(2010): Defining Respectful Leadership: What It Is, How It Can Be Measured, and Another Glimpse at What It Is Related to. In: Journal of Business Ethics 91 (3), S. 343-358. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-009-0087-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0087-z Abstract: Research on work values shows that respectful leadership is highly desired by employees. On the applied side, however, the extant research does not offer many insights as to which concrete leadership behaviors are perceived by employees as indications of respectful leadership. Thus, to offer such insights, we collected and content analyzed employees’ narrations of encounters with respectful leadership (N1 = 426). The coding process resulted in 19 categories of respectful leadership spanning 149 leadership behaviors. Furthermore, to also harness this comprehensive repertoire for quantitative organizational research, we undertook two more studies (N2a = 228; N2b = 412) to empirically derive a feasible item-based measurement of respectful leadership and assess its psychometric qualities. In these studies, we additionally investigated the relationships between respectful leadership as assessed with this new measurement and employees’ vertical and contextual followership as assessed via subordinates’ identification with their leaders, their appraisal respect for their leaders, their feeling of self-determination, and their job satisfaction.
-
(2010) : Moralische Gefühle aus der Sicht der kognitiv-motivationalen Theorie der Emotion In: Iorio, Marco: Regel, Norm, Gesetz: Eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme: Frankfurt am Main [u.a.]: Lang, S. 257-283
Abstract: Vor dem Hintergrund der kognitiv-motivationalen Theorie der Emotion (KMTE) werden die Entstehung und das Wesen von moralischen Gefühlen erörtert und am Beispiel von Mitleid und Schuld vertieft. Nach einer Einführung in die kognitiv-motivationale Theorie der Emotion wird darauf aufbauend ein komputationales Modell der Emotion vorgestellt, in dem eine kognitive Architektur für Überzeugungen und Wünsche in die Analyse von Emotionen einbezieht. Das Glaube-Wunsch-System der KMTE wird in dem Modell um angeborene, festverdrahtete Überwachungs- und Aktualisierungsmechanismen erweitert, die das zentrale Repräsentationssystem überprüfen. Die Anwendung dieses Modells bei der Analyse von moralischen Emotionen wird am Beispiel des Mitleids illustriert. Neben dem kognitiv-motivationalen Hintergrund werden Sympathie- und Antipathiegefühle und das intentionale Objekt des Mitleids betrachtet. Anschließend wird die Analyse normbasierter Gefühle am Beispiel der Schuld skizziert. Abschließend werden Funktionen der moralischen Gefühle aus der Sicht des komputationalen Modells der Emotion erörtert. zitiert von: 11
-
(2010): Fairness perceptions and prosocial emotions in the power to take. In: Journal of Economic Psychology 31 (6), S. 908-922. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2010.08.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.08.001 Abstract: This experimental study investigates how behavior changes after receiving punishment. The focus is on how proposers in a power-to-take game adjust their behavior depending on their fairness perceptions, their experienced emotions, and their interaction with responders. We find that fairness plays an important role: proposers who take what they consider to be an unfair amount experience higher intensities of prosocial emotions (shame and guilt), particularly if they are punished. This emotional experience induces proposers to lower their claims. We also find that fairness perceptions vary considerably between individuals. Therefore, it is not necessarily the case that proposers who considered themselves fair are taking less from responders than other proposers. Lastly, we provide evidence that suggests that eliciting emotions through self-reports does not affect subsequent behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
-
Rigotti, Thomas (2010): Gesund mit und ohne Arbeit. Lengerich; Berlin; Bremen; Miami, Fla.; Riga; Viernheim; Wien; Zagreb: Pabst Science Publ
-
(2010): Flexible latching: A biologically-inspired mechanism for improving the management of homeostatic goals. In: COGNITIVE COMPUTATION 2 (3), S. 230-241. DOI: 10.1007/s12559-010-9057-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-010-9057-0 Abstract: Controlling cognitive systems like domestic robots or intelligent assistive environments requires striking an appropriate balance between responsiveness and persistence. Basic goal arbitration is an essential element of low level action selection for cognitive systems, necessarily preceding even deliberate control in the direction of attention. In natural intelligence, chemically regulated motivation systems focus an agent’s behavioural attention on one problem at a time. Such simple durative decision state can improve the efficiency of artificial action selection by avoiding dithering, but taken to extremes such systems can be inefficient and produce cognitively implausible results. This article describes and demonstrates an easy-to-implement, general-purpose latching method that allows for a balance between persistence and flexibility in the presence of interruptions. This appraisal-based system facilitates automatic reassessment of the current focus of attention by existing action-selection mechanisms. The proposed mechanism, flexible latching, drastically improves efficiency in handling multiple competing goals at the cost of a surprisingly small amount of additional code (or cognitive) complexity. We discuss implications of these results for understanding natural cognitive systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2010): Does place attachment affect social well-being?. In: Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology 60 (4), S. 233-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2010.05.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2010.05.001 Abstract: Although literature yields some insights on the connection between place and well-being, to date the direct influence of place attachment on the dimensions that characterize social well-being has not been explicitly investigated. The present study, conducted on 443 first-year undergraduates, had one main purposes: exploring the influence of place attachment – measured in relation to two different spatial ranges (neighborhood and city) – on the five components of social well-being. Results showed that place attachment globally affects social well-being, but noteworthy distinctions have to be specified both as to the spatial range investigated and the different dimensions of social well-being. Theoretical implications are discussed. zitiert von 86
-
(2010): Wer berührt wen zuerst? ... der hat den aktuellen Hochstatus inne. Von Schulterklopfen, Demutsgesten und anderen Signalen, mit denen wir unseren situativen Status anzeigen. In: Kommunikation & Seminar 19 (6)
Abstract: Anhand einiger Beispiele wird beschrieben, wie mit Elementen der Körpersprache Macht und Ohnmacht, Dominanz und Unterwerfung signalisiert werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass das Spiel von Dominanz und Unterwerfung evolutionsbiologisch fundiert ist. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit es möglich ist, auf diese Mechanismen Einfluss zu nehmen und damit bewusst einen situativen Hochstatus einnehmen zu können. Dies erfordert eine Reflexion von Haltung und Gang, Gestik, Berührungen, Mimik und Stimme. Abschließend wird darauf verwiesen, dass ein hoher situativer Status kein Selbstzweck per se ist, sondern das Ziel die Fähigkeit zu einem schnellen Statuswechsel ist. Diese Fähigkeit wird vielfach bei als charismatisch empfundenen Menschen wertgeschätzt, die in der Lage sind, flexibel verschiedene Statuspositionen einnehmen zu können.