Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. In: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 22 (2), S. 207-233. DOI: 10.1177/0265407505050944
Abstract: This investigation uses dyadic power theory (Dunbar, 2000, 2004; Rollins & Bahr, 1976) to examine the relationship between dominance and power and the behavioral manifestations of power in close relationships. Ninety-seven couples (58 married, 39 cohabiting) completed a problem-solving task together while being videotaped. The videotapes were coded for a variety of verbal and nonverbal dominant control attempts including dysfluencies, interruptions, frequency of adaptor and illustrator gestures, vocal characteristics, and general perceptions of dominance. The results revealed that individuals' perceptions of power led to more dominant communication behavior during discussions with their partner. Comparisons between the perceptions of participants and observers and the implications for future research are also discussed.
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(2016): Reading palm-up signs. Neurosemiotic overview of a common hand gesture. In: Semiotica (210). DOI: 10.1515/sem-2016-0053
Abstract: This article explores ways in which the human nervous system encodes and decodes palm-up gestural signs, signals, and cues. Palm-up gestures and their accompanying speech acts evolved from an ancient neurological system that gave rise to both gestural (pectoral) communication and vocal (laryngeal) language (Bass and Chagnaud 2013, Shared developmental and evolutionary origins for neural basis of vocal-acoustic and pectoral-gestural signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109. 10677-10684.). Meanings of palm-up cues are multifaceted and nuanced, and express degrees of emotional helplessness, cognitive uncertainty, prosodic emphasis, and social deference. By themselves or in combination with other hand movements - such as reaching, showing, and pointing - palm-up cues are used to begin speaking turns, ask questions, request favors, and share personal opinions, feelings, and moods. The palm-up hand movement is a possibly universal signal of deference, in Erving Goffman's (1956, The nature of deference and demeanor. American Anthropologist 58(3). 473-502.) sense of the term, not unlike other deferential body-motion cues such as the anjaimudra, bow, curtsy, genuflection, kowtow, namaste, poussi-poussi, pranama, sampeah, and wai.
2015
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(2015): COURTEOUS GESTURE AND DISCOURTEOUS CONTRAST IN FLAMENCA (OCCITAN NOVEL OF XIII CENTURY). In: HIPERBOREEA 2 (1), S. 73-85
Abstract: Coagulated at the end of the 11th century at the seigniorial courts from the southern France and spread afterward in the northern French territory, the courteous ethical code intended to be a set of rules representative for the nobility. It included, between other elegant specifics, the discipline of the body, necessarily based on the self-control and, in the same time, on a distinguished, elegant, polite and moderated gesture. The Middle Ages imaginary and mainly the literature from the 12th and the 13th centuries are full of this kind of examples. In fact, the elite's will to adhere on this ethics and to appropriate it till transforming it in its second nature represents the theme of the courteous novels, focused on some characters which are symbols for the ideal courteous values. By contrast, some other characters are not only at the limit of the courteous model, but also transgress its principles by more or less serious discourteous deviations. The Occitan novel Flamenca (from the 13th century), that we are focusing on, illustrates this trend: one of its principal characters, the signor Archambaut, shows, immediately after his marriage with Flamenca, an unexpected regression, in fact a profound alteration of the courtly behavior, in terms of verbal and mainly gestural manners.
2014
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(2014): The taxicab-hailing encounter. The politics of gesture in the interaction order. In: Semiotica (202), S. 609-629. DOI: 10.1515/sem-2014-0047
Abstract: The forms of emblematic gesture and other communicative moves used in hailing taxicabs are shaped by the urban built environment and by the micropolitics sparked by what Goffman called the "loose coupling" of the interaction and social orders. Cabdrivers evaluate street hails and choose whether or not to stop for prospective passengers; hailers seek to communicate their desirability as passengers within the limited mode of the street hail. The conditions and constraints that underlie the practice and reception of street hailing are considered. A survey on methods used to hail taxis was sent to a listserv of taxi drivers in San Francisco, California. The drivers evaluated street hails in terms of two axes clarity and propriety - and three levels of context: the immediate interactional context of the street; the anticipated interactional context of the cab ride; and the political context, or the political discourse framing taxicab regulation in the city.
2009
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(2009): Cross-cultural variation of speech-accompanying gesture. A review. In: Language and Cognitive Processes 24 (2), S. 145-167. DOI: 10.1080/01690960802586188
Abstract: This article reviews the literature on cross-cultural variation of gestures. Four factors governing the variation were identified. The first factor is the culture-specific convention for form-meaning associations. This factor is involved in well-known cross-cultural differences in emblem gestures (e.g., the OK-sign), as well as pointing gestures. The second factor is culture-specific spatial cognition. Representational gestures (i.e., iconic and deictic gestures) that express spatial contents or metaphorically express temporal concepts differ across cultures, reflecting the cognitive differences in how direction, relative location and different axes in space are conceptualised and processed. The third factor is linguistic differences. Languages have different lexical and syntactic resources to express spatial information. This linguistic difference is reflected in how gestures express spatial information. The fourth factor is culture-specific gestural pragmatics, namely the principles under which gesture is used in communication. The culture-specificity in politeness of gesture use, the role of nodding in conversation, and the use of gesture space are discussed.
Keywords: culture specificity, Deictische Gesten, Emblem-Gesten, Gesten, Gestik/Mimik, Ikonische Gesten, Kultur, Kulturspezifische Gestik, kulturspezifische Konventionen zur Konzeptualisierung von Ortsangaben, Distanzen etc., Kulturspezische Angemessenheitswahrnehmung von Nicken in einer Konversation, Nicken, OK-Zeichen, Psychologie, Status / biologische Marker, Überblick, Übersicht, Zeigegesten
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