Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : The multi-norm structural social-developmental model of children's intergroup attitudes: Integrating intergroup-loyalty and outgroup fairness norms. In: Vala, Jorge; Waldzus, Sven; Calheiros, Maria Manuela (Hg.): The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict: Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42727-0 Abstract: This chapter presents a new complete theoretical model of intergroup attitudes of children—the Multi-Norm Structural Social-Developmental (MNSD) model. The MNSD offers a comprehensive and integrative approach that builds on three extant social-developmental theories that explain the dynamic variation of prejudiced responses during child development. The unique contribution of MNSD is in integrating hypotheses on the role of competing social norms, using social-developmental and social psychological theory. The MNSD proposes that two strong social norms, the ingroup loyalty norm and the norm not to be prejudiced (outgroup fairness norm), operate in a complementary rather than mutually exclusive way in social-developmental intergroup contexts. In specifying when and how these norms become influential and shape intergroup biases of children, the MNSD proposes two kinds of hypotheses, one regarding lasting changes in the availability and internalization of these norms and o ne regar ding the situational and context dependent salience of them. With this the authors explain existing results and generate novel untested systematic hypotheses on how the dynamic relationship between groups' complex normative repertoires and socio-structural variables proposed by social identity theory (status differences, their stability and legitimacy) might operate insidiously to protect or reify the status quo within asymmetric intergroup contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) Document Type:
2017
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(2017): Communal and agentic interpersonal and intergroup motives predict preferences for status versus power. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43 (1), S. 71-86
Abstract: Seven studies involving 1,343 participants showed how circumplex models of social motives can help explain individual differences in preferences for status (having others' admiration) versus power (controlling valuable resources). Studies 1 to 3 and 7 concerned interpersonal motives in workplace contexts, and found that stronger communal motives (to have mutual trust, support, and cooperation) predicted being more attracted to status (but not power) and achieving more workplace status, while stronger agentic motives (to be firm, decisive, and influential) predicted being more attracted to and achieving more workplace power, and experiencing a stronger connection between workplace power and job satisfaction. Studies 4 to 6 found similar effects for intergroup motives: Stronger communal motives predicted wanting one's ingroup (e.g., country) to have status but not power relative to other groups. Finally, most people preferred status over power, and this was especially true for women, which was partially explained by women having stronger communal motives.
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(2017): Habit in Personality and Social Psychology. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 21 (4), S. 389-403. DOI: 10.1177/1088868317720362
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28737111 Abstract: Habits are largely absent from modern social and personality psychology. This is due to outdated perspectives that placed habits in conflict with goals. In modern theorizing, habits are represented in memory as implicit context-response associations, and they guide responding in conjunction with goals. Habits thus have important implications for our field. Emerging research shows that habits are an important mechanism by which people self-regulate and achieve long-term goals. Also, habits change through specific interventions, such as changes in context cues. I speculate that understanding of habits also holds promise for reducing intergroup discrimination and for understanding lay theories of the causes for action. In short, by recognizing habit, the field gains understanding of a central mechanism by which actions persist in daily life. zitiert von 6
2016
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(2016) : Gender and linguistic sexism. In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Hg.): Advances in intergroup communication: Bern, Schweiz: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe (Language as social action)
Abstract: In this chapter, we approach the issue of 'grammaticalization of gender' from an intergroup relations perspective. Using social identity theory, and more specifically self-categorization theory, we argue that grammaticalization of gender strongly contributes to the salience, or accessibility, of the social category 'gender.' Relatedly, we contend that the dual use of grammatically masculine forms to refer to people in general (i.e., as generic forms) as well as to men in particular (i.e., as gender-specific forms) is a reflection of intergroup hierarchies and helps to delimit intergroup boundaries in a way that disadvantages women. As a starting point for our argument, we present the concepts of self-categorization and grammaticalization of gender. We demonstrate how these can be linked together and discuss recent empirical evidence in light of this framework. We then focus on the asymmetric use of grammatical gender forms, which is prevalent in many gendered languages, a nd its c onsequences for the overall invisibility of women in discourse as well as for individuals' sense of belonging. Against this background we discuss neutralization and feminization as linguistic approaches to addressing the negative consequences of the grammaticalization of gender, which have been promoted by political and language-regulating institutions, and conclude with outlining future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): When we enjoy bad news about other groups. A social identity approach to out-group schadenfreude. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21 (1), S. 214-232. DOI: 10.1177/1368430216663018
Abstract: Two studies investigate schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) as an emotional response to news about out-group misfortunes in a political and consumer context by analyzing reactions of voters for opposition parties to the downfall of a Dutch coalition government (Study 1), and of BlackBerry users to negative news reports about Apple’s iPhone (Study 2). Consistent with social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory, both studies demonstrate that affective in-group identification increases schadenfreude reactions to news about an out-group’s misfortune, provided that this misfortune occurs in a domain of interest to news recipients. Additional findings show that this interaction effect attenuates when a misfortune instead befalls the in-group (Study 1) and is still observed when controlling for affective dispositions towards the out-group (Study 2). Moreover, results suggest that schadenfreude reactions strengthen subsequent intentions to share news about the out-group’s misfortune with others or to engage in negative word-of-mouth (Study 2). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2016): Cooperating without Co-laboring. In: Administrative Science Quarterly 62 (1), S. 179-214. DOI: 10.1177/0001839216655090
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839216655090 Abstract: I examine how different distributions of ownership and governance rights in firms affect the optimal organization of cross-functional project teams for knowledge-intensive work. I analyze multi-method data from two competing automated manufacturing equipment engineering firms with contrasting formal power structures, one a worker cooperative with ownership and governance rights distributed across occupations and the other a conventional firm with ownership and governance rights concentrated in the hands of several senior workers in one occupational group. Contrary to prior research, my findings suggest that when collective tasks are uncertain and complex, the benefits of cross-functional interactions depend on organizations’ formal power structure: cross-functional interactions improve teams’ productivity in the context of concentrated ownership and governance rights but not when ownership and governance rights are widely distributed among workers. Fieldwork at the tw o firms revealed three mechanisms by which dispersed formal power decreases the productivity benefits of cross-functional interaction: it reduces status distinctions among team members, increasing the labor hours required to resolve conflicts; boosts participation in oversight and coordination processes outside teams so that workers have more access to information and less need for cross-functional interactions; and increases the distribution of knowledge-management technology, which increases workers’ autonomy and reduces the value of cross-functional interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
1995
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(1995): Evaluation of aggressive interactions in interpersonal and intergroup contexts. In: Aggressive Behavior 21, S. 205-224
Abstract: Examined the impact of social context (interpersonal vs intergroup) on the evaluation of aggressive interactions. A total of 359 students participated in two studies based on A. M. Mummendey and coworkers' conceptualization of aggression as a specific kind of social interaction involving at least two persons, i.e., an actor and a recipient. Study 1 (151 males aged 12-16 years) examined whether perspective-specific divergence in judgments about aggressive interactions varied in interpersonal and intergroup contexts. It is shown that social context has an important impact on evaluation of aggressive interactions: less dissent is found between actors and recipients in the intergroup condition. Study 2 (115 males, 90 females, and 3 missing gender values aged 13-18 years) examined the context-specific evaluation further by presenting episodes of varying severity and by obtaining judgments on both actions and reactions. Regardless of the severity of the episodes presented, aggressive reactions were evaluated more negatively in the intergroup contexts. In conclusion, the importance of further research, qualitative as well as quantitative, on the topic of aggression in social contexts is discussed. zitert von 30
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