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2005
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(2005) : Robot emotion: A functional perspective In: Fellous, Jean-Marc; Arbib, Michael A. (Hg.): Who Needs Emotions?: Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, S. 271-310
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166194.003.0010 Abstract: Robots are becoming more and more ubiquitous in human environments. The time has come when their ability to intelligently and effectively interact with us needs to match the level of technological sophistication they have already achieved, whether these robots are tools, avatars (human surrogates), partners (as in a team) or cyborg extensions (prostheses). Emotion-inspired mechanisms can improve the way autonomous robots operate in a human environment with people, and can improve the ability of these robots to effectively achieve their own goals. Such goals may be related to accomplishing tasks or satisfying motivations, and they may be achieved either autonomously or in cooperation with a person. In order to do this in a way that is natural for humans, the robot needs to be designed with a social model in mind. We illustrate this concept by describing in detail the design of Kismet, an anthropomorphic robot that interacts with a human in a social way, focusing on its facial and vocal expressions and gaze direction. Kismet’s architecture includes a cognitive system that is tightly coupled to a separate emotive system. Each is designed as interacting networks of ’specialists’ that are activated when specific conditions are met. The cognitive component is responsible for perceiving and interpreting events, and for selecting among a hierarchy of goal-achieving behaviors, in accordance with its current motivational drives. It is primarily concerned with homeostasis and ’well being.’ The emotive system implements eight basic emotions that are proposed to exist across species. It detects those internal and external events that have affective value, and motivates either task-based or communicative behavior to pursue beneficial interactions and to avoid those that are not beneficial by modulating the operation of the cognitive component. When placed in a realistic social setting, these two systems interact to achieve lifelike attention bias, flexible decision making, goal prioritization and persistence, and effective communication where the robot interacts in a natural and intuitive way with the person to achieve its goal (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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