Alle Publikationen
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: Characterizing Types of Convolution in Deep Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Robust Speech Emotion Recognition. Online verfügbar unter http://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.02901v2
Abstract: Deep convolutional neural networks are being actively investigated in a wide range of speech and audio processing applications including speech recognition, audio event detection and computational paralinguistics, owing to their ability to reduce factors of variations, for learning from speech. However, studies have suggested to favor a certain type of convolutional operations when building a deep convolutional neural network for speech applications although there has been promising results using different types of convolutional operations. In this work, we study four types of convolutional operations on different input features for speech emotion recognition under noisy and clean conditions in order to derive a comprehensive understanding. Since affective behavioral information has been shown to reflect temporally varying of mental state and convolutional operation are applied locally in time, all deep neural networks share a deep recurrent sub-network architecture for further temporal modeling. We present detailed quantitative module-wise performance analysis to gain insights into information flows within the proposed architectures. In particular, we demonstrate the interplay of affective information and the other irrelevant information during the progression from one module to another. Finally we show that all of our deep neural networks provide state-of-the-art performance on the eNTERFACE'05 corpus.
Keywords: Alter, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Learning, Computer Science - Multimedia, Computer Science - Sound, Emotionserkennung, Favoriten, Genderabhängigkeit, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sprachgebrauch, Stimme / Prosodie, Technik -
Abstract: Unter Bezugnahme auf K. Foppas Konzept des rezeptiven Gedächtnisses, das er in seinem Beitrag "Über Lernen" (in Psychology Science 2003, 45, Supplement III) beschreibt, werden einige Recherchen und Reflexionen zum Thema "Gewohnheit" angestellt. Gewohnheit wird als ein Grundlagenphänomen des Verhaltens aufgefasst, das in der Psychologie nicht unbedingt adäquat behandelt wird und das mit dem rezeptiven Gedächtnis zusammenhängt. Kurze Betrachtungen unterschiedlicher Zugänge zu diesem Phänomen in ausgewählten Gebieten der Psychologie (Behaviorismus, Entwicklungspsychologie und kognitive Psychologie) und in der Philosophie lassen Bezüge zum rezeptiven Gedächtnis erkennen, die in der Zukunft theoretisch und empirisch vertieft werden müssen. - Der Beitrag ist mit einem Kommentar von K. Foppa versehen.
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: Men, Machine, and Modern Times. 50th Anniversary Edition. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press
Abstract: Men, Machines, and Modern Times, though ultimately concerned with a positive alternative to an Orwellian 1984, offers an entertaining series of historical accounts taken from the nineteenth century to highlight a main theme: the nature of technological change, the fission brought about in society by such change, and society's reaction to that change. Beginning with a remarkable illustration of resistance to innovation in the U.S. Navy following an officer's discovery of a more accurate way to fire a gun at sea, Elting Morison goes on to narrate the strange history of the new model steamship, the Wapanoag, in the 1860s. He then continues with the difficulties confronting the introduction of the pasteurization process for milk; he traces the development of the Bessemer process; and finally, he considers the computer. While the discussions are liberally sprinkled with amusing examples and anecdotes, all are related to the more profound and current problem of how to organize and manage system of ideas, energies, and machinery so that it will conform to the human dimension. People have had trouble adapting to new technology ever since (perhaps) the inventor of the wheel had to explain that a wheelbarrow could carry more than a person. This little book by a celebrated MIT professor—the fiftieth anniversary edition of a classic—describes how we learn to live and work with innovation. Elting Morison considers, among other things, the three stages of users' resistance to change: ignoring it; rational rebuttal; and name-calling. He recounts the illustrative anecdote of the World War II artillerymen who stood still to hold the horses despite the fact that the guns were now hitched to trucks—reassuring those of us who have trouble with a new interface or a software upgrade that we are not the first to encounter such problems. Morison offers an entertaining series of historical accounts to highlight his major theme: the nature of technological change and society's reaction to that change. He begins with resistance to innovation in the U.S. Navy following an officer's discovery of a more accurate way to fire a gun at sea; continues with thoughts about bureaucracy, paperwork, and card files; touches on rumble seats, the ghost in Hamlet, and computers; tells the strange history of a new model steamship in the 1860s; and describes the development of the Bessemer steel process. Each instance teaches a lesson about the more profound and current problem of how to organize and manage systems of ideas, energies, and machinery so that it will conform to the human dimension.
Keywords: Disziplin, Grundlegendes und umfassende Theorien, History and Philosophy of Science, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Mensch und Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neuheit (vs. Etabliertheit) einer technologischen Innovation, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Philosophie, Reflexionen über MTR, Reluctancy against technonogical innovations theory, Technikphilosophie - The template for the reference type "CollectedWorks" does not exist
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: ’Female petitioners can lawfully be heard’. Negotiating female decorum, United States politics, and political agency, 1829-1831. In: JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC 23 (4), S. 573-610
Abstract: Catharine Beecher kept it a secret for decades. In 1829 Beecher, best known as a leader of the nineteenth-century domestic economy movement and as an active, life-long proponent of women's education, went home to Boston to visit her family. Her visit coincided with the visit of her father's friend, Jeremiah Evarts. Evarts and Lyman Beecher worked together in evangelical reform, and a prominent national issue troubled both men: the federal government's plan to remove Native Americans from within the boundaries of six southern states. Almost fifty years later, in "Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions", Catharine remembered Evarts describing to her the "distressing and disastrous consequences that would result from the cruel measures undertaken" by the federal government against the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole southern tribes. Catharine also remembered Evarts telling her that "American women might save these poor, oppressed natives." Inspired by Evarts's personal request that she "devise some method for intervention," Catharine returned to Hartford Female Seminary, the school for girls of which she was founder and principal. Upon her return, Catharine Beecher granted Evarts's request. She initiated and orchestrated the first national women's petition campaign in United States history. Amazingly, nearly 1,500 women followed her lead.
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: On the profoundness and preconditions of social responses towards social robots : Experimental investigations using indirect measurement techniques. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0281635&site=ehost-live.
Abstract: Examined the profoundness as well as relevant preconditions of automatic social responses towards nonhuman agents using indirect measurement techniques. To this end, a series of four studies were conducted. The first two studies utilized the social facilitation paradigm and were conducted with a total of 170 participants (mean age 23 years). In a mere-presence design the social influence of a present robot was assessed via performance-based measures on cognitive and motor tasks. The mere presence of an active social robot able to elicit social facilitation effects, and the performance effects were also comparable to those of human presence. Further, these effects even sustained when the robot was obviously switched off (Study 2). To further examine the boundary conditions of these social reactions and to address the roles of unfamiliarity, novelty, and human-like appearance on a microlevel, two subsequent studies were executed that utilized the facial mimicry paradigm. Results of the third study, conducted with 22 women (mean age 25 years) revealed that participants produced significantly fewer corresponding facial mimicry responses towards robotic faces compared to either human or schematic face types, and that this was especially apparent for happy facial expressions. The final study examined whether the previous differences between facial mimicry responses towards human and robotic faces could be mitigated by familiarization as well as expression intensity of the happy faces. A total of 146 adults (mean age 25 years) participated in Study 4. Indeed, real-world familiarization through actual interaction with a social robot combined with more pronounced smiles of the robotic faces evoked comparable mimicry responses towards robotic as towards human faces. Stimulus ambivalence is discussed as potent moderator of the obtained results, both in the social facilitation as well as the facial mimicry paradigm. Taken together, on a behavioral macrolevel, as the social facilitation studies showed that a face-like configuration or other human-like appearance cues apparently sufficed as fundamental initiation for social responses towards nonhuman entities; however, looking at low-level reactions, human likeness alone was not sufficient for the emergence of congruent facial mimicry responses. The implications of the results for actual application of social robots are discussed.
Keywords: Emotion & Roboter, Social robotic - The template for the reference type "CollectedWorks" does not exist
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(2015): Influence of trust in Ambient Assisted Living technologies Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18452/17167 Abstract: Zwischenmenschliches Vertrauen spielt in Beziehungen eine wichtige Rolle und beinhaltet die Erwartung, dass auf das Wort des Anderen Verlass ist (Rotter, 1967). Auch im Zusammenhang mit Automation und Mensch-Maschine-Systemen erlangt die Betrachtung von Vertrauen in den vergangenen Jahren immer größere Bedeutung. In den Bereichen automatisierte Fahrzeugsteuerung oder militärische Freund-Feind-Erkennung wurde bereits eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen durchgeführt. Einen Forschungsgegenstand, der bislang jedoch weitestgehend unbeachtet geblieben ist, stellen Heim-Automatisierungen und Unterstützungstechnologien für ältere Personen dar. Die vorliegende Dissertation möchte einen Anstoß für die Forschungsaktivitäten im Kontext von Vertrauen in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Systeme geben und gleichzeitig die Möglichkeiten von Unterstützungs-technologien (für beeinträchtigte Personen) im Wohnumfeld aufzeigen. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vertrauen älterer Personen, als potentielle Endnutzer, in AAL Systeme. Nach Durchführung der Literaturanalyse, wurden mittels einer Fragebogenstudie zunächst verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf das Vertrauen in AAL sowie die Nutzungsabsicht der senioren Zielgruppe erforscht. Unter Einbeziehung der Variablen des Technology Acceptance Modells (TAM) (Davis, 1989) werden Personen mit und ohne täglichem Unterstützungsbedarf befragt. Basierend auf den dadurch gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt. Die Probanden der beiden Experimente, die jeweils eine seniore Testgruppe und eine junge Kontrollgruppe umfassten, sollten mittels eines Mock-Ups auf einem Tablet-Computer verschiedene Aufgaben im Wohnumfeld bearbeiten. Im ersten Experiment wurde zusätzlich zu der Standard-Bedienoberfläche der AAL Technologie, entweder persönliche Unterstützung via Operateur oder eine technische Unterstützung zur Verfügung gestellt. Das zweite Experiment untersuchte drei unterschiedliche Stufen von Zuverlässigkeit einer AAL Applikation. Interpersonal trust as “expectancy that the verbal statements of others can be relied upon” (Rotter, 1967; p. 651) plays an important role in human relationships. But even in the context of automation and man-machine systems, the consideration of trust has acquired even greater importance in recent years. In the field of automated vehicle control systems or military friend-or-foe recognition, a large number of surveys relating to trust have been conducted. An area of research that, to date, has not been well-investigated is home automation, such as smart home and assistive technologies for older people. The present thesis aims to initiate such research activities in the context of trust in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems, as well as to demonstrate the opportunities that assistive technologies present for impaired persons in the living environment. The focus of the present survey is on the trust of older people, as potential end-users, in AAL systems. To establish an understanding of the state of this research field, a literature review has been conducted. Subsequently, the various factors influencing trust in AAL and usage intention of the elderly target group are examined via a written questionnaire study. Taking into account the variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), persons with and without need for daily support are interviewed. Based on the obtained results, two subsequent experiments were carried out. The participants in the two experiments, each including a senior test group and a young control group, worked on various tasks through a mock-up on a tablet-computer in the living environment. In the first experiment, in addition to the standard user interface of the AAL technology, either personal support via operator or a technical embedded support was provided to test the differential impact on the trust of the participants in AAL. The second experiment included three different levels of reliability of an AAL application.
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(1995): Designing Calm Technology. Xerox PARC Document
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Abstract: Die Auslösung von vier Gefühlsqualitäten (Stolz, Freude, Ärger, Trauer) in Verbindung mit dem jeweiligen Interaktionskontext und dem Geschlecht der Betroffenen wird im natürlichen Kontext untersucht. Daten wurden an einer Stichprobe von je zwei Männern und Frauen mit Hilfe der Tagebuchmethode erhoben. Frauen registrierten in ihren Tagebüchern mehr gefühlsmäßige Stellungnahmen als Männer. Sowohl bei Männeren als auch bei Frauen überwogen positive Gefühle im Vergleich zu negativen. Die Familie hatte bei der Stimmungslage eine besondere Bedeutung. Sie war der Interaktionskontext, in dem die meisten Gefühle registriert wurden. Auch alltägliche Fremdkontakte hatten einen starken Einfluss auf die Stimmungslage.