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  • 2012

  • Anderson, Elizabeth (2012): Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions. In: Social Epistemology 26 (2), S. 163-173. DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2011.652211

    Abstract: In Epistemic injustice, Miranda Fricker makes a tremendous contribution to theorizing the intersection of social epistemology with theories of justice. Theories of justice often take as their object of assessment either interpersonal transactions (specific exchanges between persons) or particular institutions. They may also take a more comprehensive perspective in assessing systems of institutions. This systemic perspective may enable control of the cumulative effects of millions of individual transactions that cannot be controlled at the individual or institutional levels. This is true not only with respect to the overall distribution of such goods as income and wealth, but also with respect to the goods of testimonial and hermeneutical justice. Cognitive biases that may be difficult for even epistemically virtuous individuals to correct on their own may be more susceptible to correction if we focus on the principles that should govern our systems of testimonial gathering and assessment. Hence, while Fricker's focus on individual epistemic virtue is important, we also need to consider what epistemic justice as a virtue of social systems would require. My paper will indicate some directions forward on this front, focusing on the need for integration of diverse institutions and persons engaged in inquiry.

    Keywords: Agenten-Überzeugung, bias, cognitive bias, Disziplin, Gerechtigkeit, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktion, interpersonal transactions, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, social systems, Sozialverstehen, Technik
  • Glaesmer, Heide; Brähler, Elmar; Lersner, Ulrike von (2012): Kultursensible Diagnostik in Forschung und Praxis. In: Psychotherapeut 57 (1), S. 22-28. DOI: 10.1007/s00278-011-0877-5

    Abstract: Nearly one fifth of the German population are migrants of the first and second generation. Evidence-based knowledge about mental health of migrants, their health care needs and the actual mental health care situation of this population is limited. Psychometric instruments are helpful for the assessment of mental disorders. Although a culture-sensitive approach in diagnostics is necessary it is often neglected in research as well as in clinical practice. This article describes culture-specific and linguistic challenges and specifies specific communication problems. In most cases psychometric instruments are not developed simultaneously in different languages but are translated later on. After translation psychometric instruments should be culturally validated and adapted with respect to linguistic, cultural and metric equivalence. The article gives an overview about the different aspects of equivalence and explains these aspects on the example of the PHQ-9.

    Keywords: bias, Culture, culture sensitive, DEPRESSION, Disziplin, GERMAN GENERAL-POPULATION, GUIDELINES, Kultur, Kultursensitivität am Beispiel von PHQ-9, Kulturtheorie, MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE, MENTAL-DISORDERS, MIGRANTS, Migration, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, PHQ-9, PRIMARY-CARE, Psychologie, psychometrics, Translation, Translations
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