Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Emotionale Roboter im Pflegekontext : Empirische Analyse des bisherigen Einsatzes und der Wirkungen von Paro und Pleo. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 51 (1), S. 16-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1346-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218400 Abstract: BACKGROUND It has been questioned by researchers in robotics as well in the general public to what extent companion-type robots can support the elderly with the fulfillment of their psychological and social needs. Although these robots have already been used in care settings in Germany, research has referred little to this practical experience in order to analyze their impact and benefit. To start to close this gap, the current article reports on the current use of companion-type robots in care settings, on the effects reported by professional caregivers as well as on the role of psychosocial needs in the acceptance and use of companion-type robots by the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first study, 30 professional caregivers with experience in the use of the robot seal Paro in care settings were interviewed regarding Paro's application and the observed effects on their clients. In the second study, three case examples are presented from an interaction study in which vulnerable elderly persons had the robot dinosaur Pleo at their disposal for a maximum period of 15 days. RESULTS Paro is used very flexibly in a variety of settings and with a broad range of user groups (study 1). The reported psychosocial effects were mainly positive but short term. The case examples (study 2) show that psychosocial needs can both foster or hinder robot acceptance and use. They also emphasize the important role of caregivers in the interaction between the elderly and emotional robots in the context of eldercare. CONCLUSION The beneficial and ethical use of companion-type robots in care settings demands a high commitment on the part of the caregivers. Given this prerequisite, emotional robots can be a valuable therapeutic tool.
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(2018): Individual differences in social control. Who 'speaks up' when witnessing uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours?. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (3), S. 524-546. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12246
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29468703 Abstract: This research examined the personality characteristics of individuals who 'speak up' and confront perpetrators of norm transgressions. We tested whether those who intervene tend to be 'bitter complainers' or 'well-adjusted leaders'. In four studies (total N = 1,003), we measured several individual differences that are directly implicated by at least one of the two concepts. We also presented participants with uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours and asked them how likely they would be to intervene if they were to witness each of these behaviours as a bystander. The results confirmed the well-adjusted leader hypothesis: Participants' self-reported tendency to confront perpetrators correlated positively with altruism, extraversion, social responsibility, acceptance by peers, independent self-construal, emotion regulation, persistence, self-directedness, age, occupation, and monthly salary, but not with aggressiveness or low self-esteem. Individuals who confront prejudice also speak up against other immoral and uncivil behaviours. We discuss the implications of these findings for the perpetuation and change of social norms. zitiert von 2
2015
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(2015): Anger as driving factor of moral courage in comparison with guilt and global mood. A multimethod approach. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 45 (1), S. 39-51
Abstract: Examined the roles of anger and guilt in stimulating moral courage as a response to observed norm violations and assessed the effect of global positive or negative mood on the impact of these specific moral responses. The authors hypothesized that anger and guilt drive moral courage, and that intervention strength is positively related to the strength of emotional reaction. They also hypothesized that the effects of anger are not affected by guilt feelings or by global mood. Participants were part of a real theft scenario in the laboratory. A multimethod emotion assessment compared participants' self-reports of guilt and anger online during the study and again after being debriefed (retrospective). Observer ratings of their responses during the theft scenario completed the assessment. Findings showed that only anger predicted intervention behavior. Measures of guilt and intervention strength correlated positively online, as expected. However, contrary to expectations, retrospective self-reports of guilt were unrelated to intervention strength in both phases. In Phase 2, a significant negative association between positive mood and intervention strength and a positive correlation between negative mood and intervention strength could be identified. In conclusion, findings indicate that individuals who experience and express anger more strongly appear to be able to overcome the psychological barrier of potentially negative social response and act in situations requiring fast and immediate intervention. zitiert von: 14
Keywords: Anger, Courage, Emotional States, Guilt, Intervention, Moral, Morality, Personal Values, Social Influences, Social Norms, Sozialpsychologie 2013
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(2013): Sozialisation, Sozialverhalten und psychosoziale Auffälligkeiten. Eine Einführung in die Bewältigung sozialer Aufgabenstellungen. Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz Juventa (Grundlagentexte Soziale Berufe)
Abstract: Mit Blick auf die Zielgruppe der Sozialarbeiterinnen/Sozialarbeiter und Erzieherinnen/Erzieher werden psychologische Grundlagen von Sozialisation, Sozialverhalten und psychosozialen Auffälligkeiten vermittelt. Unter anderem werden Antworten auf folgende Fragen gegeben: Wie entsteht durch Entwicklung, Erziehung und Sozialisation Persönlichkeit? Wieson wird Interaktion durch Einstellungen und Vorurteile gestört? Wie entstehen Konflikte und wie werden Wertebewusstsein und prosoziales Verhalten vermittelt? Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es, bei psychischen Erkrankungen und ungünstigen Lernprozessen, bei Angst, Depression, Aggression, sexueller Devianz und Sucht zu einem gelingenden Leben beizutragen? - Inhalt: (1) Das Entstehen der Persönlichkeit (Entwicklung; Erziehung; Sozialisation; Persönlichkeit). (2) Soziale Wahrnehmung (Attribution; Einstellung; Vorurteil). (3) Sozialverhalten (Konflikt; Gehorsam; Moral; prosoziales Verhalten). (4) Psychosoziale Auffälligkeiten (Normalität und Behinderung; Psychosen, Neurosen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen; Angst und Phobien; Depression und Suizid; Aggression und Gewalt; sexuelle Devianz; Sucht und Abhängigkeit).
2006
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(2006): Conditions for Establishing a System of Fairness. Comment on Brosnan (2006). In: Social Justice Research 19 (2), S. 194-200. DOI: 10.1007/s11211-006-0001-0
DOI: http://www.springerlink.com/content/1573-6725/ Abstract: Comments on an article by S. Brosnan (same issue) on reactions to inequity among nonhuman species, which are assumed to mirror human response tendencies summarized as inequity aversion. Suggestions made by Brosnan concerning the continuity between humans and nonhuman species in cooperative behavior as well as the evolutionary processes that lead to the formation of a sense of equity are elaborated from a social-psychological perspective. The evolutionary process described as a four-step model may also be used to explain intervention process when equity is violated. The remarkable similarity between animals and humans in their sense of fairness is considered a confirmation of the assumed closeness of humans to their evolutionary ancestors.
2004
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Peterson, Christopher (2004): Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification.. Kapitel: Fairness. pp. 391-412. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, zuletzt geprüft am 08.03.2018
Abstract: In their book 'Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification,' Peterson and Seligman present a taxonomy of character strengths and virtues. This chapter specifically examines fairness. The chapter provides a consensual definition of fairness, and discusses its theoretical traditions; measures; correlates and consequences; development; enabling and inhibiting factors; gender, cross-national, and cross-cultural aspects; and deliberate interventions for cultivating fairness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Fairnesstheorie, Human Sex Differences, Cross Cultural Differences, Intervention, Fairness, Justice, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Morality, Personality Development, Personality Measures, Personality Theory, Personality Traits, Positive Psychology, Sociocultural Factors, Taxonomies
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