Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): "Our" food versus "my" food. Investigating the relation between childhood shared food practices and adult prosocial behavior in Belgium. In: Appetite 84, S. 54-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.022
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265154 Abstract: This study focuses on the connection between prosocial behavior, defined as acting in ways that benefit others, and shared meals, defined as meals that consist of food(s) shared with others. In contrast to individual meals, where consumers eat their own food and perhaps take a sample of someone else's dish as a taste, shared meals are essentially about sharing all the food with all individuals. Consequently, these meals create situations where consumers are confronted with issues of fairness and respect. One should not be greedy and consume most of a dish; instead, rules of polite food sharing need to be obeyed. It is therefore proposed that those who have often engaged in shared meals during childhood will have a more prosocial personality, as compared to those who less often took part in shared meals during childhood. To test this hypothesis, data about frequency of shared meals during childhood and altruistic personality in early adulthood were collected using a cross-sectional survey in Belgium (n = 487). Results confirm that higher levels of shared meal consumption correspond to higher scores on the self-report altruism scale among students.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Altruism, Belgium, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eating, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, Fairness, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Meals, Nahrungswissenschaft?, Personality, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vergangenheit / Erziehung, Young Adult 2014
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(2014): The role of age and motivation for the experience of social acceptance and rejection. In: Developmental Psychology 50 (7), S. 1943-1950. DOI: 10.1037/a0036979
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842461 Abstract: A study with n = 55 younger (18-33 years, M = 23.67) and n = 58 older (61-85 years, M = 71.44) adults investigated age-related differences in social approach and avoidance motivation and their consequences for the experience of social interactions. Results confirmed the hypothesis that a predominant habitual approach motivation in younger adults shifts toward a stronger avoidance motivation in older adults. Moreover, age and momentary motivation predicted the experience of an actual social interaction. Younger adults reported stronger negative emotions in a rejection situation when striving to approach acceptance rather than avoid rejection. Conversely, older adults reported fewer positive emotions in a rejection situation when they attempted to avoid rejection rather than approach acceptance. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the same motivation has different consequences for the experience of potentially threatening social situations in younger and older adults. People seem to react emotionally when the achievement of important developmental goals (approaching others in young adulthood, avoiding negative social interactions in older adulthood) is thwarted. Moreover, results suggest that approach and avoidance motivation play an important role for socioemotional development.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alter, Analysis of Variance, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Gerontologie, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, physiology, PSYCHOLOGY, Self Report, Social Distance, Social Support, Sozialpsychologie, Young Adult 2013
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(2013): How social desirability and acquiescence affect the age-personality relationship. In: PSICOTHEMA 25 (3), S. 342-348. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2012.297
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910749 Abstract: BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the age-personality relationship may be partially explained by age-related changes in social desirability. In the present study, we analyze how age affects social desirability and acquiescence, and how they affect the age-personality relationship. METHOD We used a specially designed personality test, which provides response bias and personality dimension scores independently of each other. We applied this test to a sample of 3773 individuals aged between 13 and 97 years old (49.69% female) and analyzed the effects of age, sex, and their interactions on response bias and personality dimensions. RESULTS Age affects social desirability and acquiescence, both of which increase with age, and this increase affects the age-personality relationship, especially for dimensions such as Agreeableness or Conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS The age-related differences found in self-reported personality measures might be partly attributable to age-related increases in response bias. Furthermore, the high scores of elderly people on response bias measures implies that the results of self-reports that do not incorporate any correction for response bias should be viewed with caution, especially when they are obtained in samples of people over 50 years old.
2010
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(2010): You smile--I smile. Emotion expression in social interaction. In: Biological psychology 84 (3), S. 514-520. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.11.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19913071 Abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the influence of emotional context and social context, in terms of gender and status, on speaker expressivity and observer mimicry in a dyadic interactive setting. For Study 1, 96 same sex dyads and for Study 2, 72 mixed sex dyads participated in a social sharing paradigm. The results showed that in both same sex and mixed sex dyads women smile more than men and members of both sexes use Duchenne smiles rather than non-Duchenne smiles to signal social intent. In same sex dyads facial expressivity and facial mimicry were determined by both the emotional and the social context of the situation. However, whereas emotional context effects maintained, social context effects were absent in mixed sex dyads. The study is the first to show evidence for facial mimicry in an interactional setting and supports the notion that mimicry is dependent on social context.
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