Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Accelerating Progress. A New Era of Research on Character Development. In: Journal of youth and adolescence 46 (6), S. 1240-1245. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0681-9
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28470439 Abstract: Adolescent character development is a high priority for educators, policymakers, and front-line youth workers. To meet this growing demand, and as exemplified in the five articles in this special section, character development scholars are drawing from a range of academic disciplines to push beyond the traditional boundaries of the science of character development. These articles highlight important trends in character research, including the co-development of a subset of character strengths, the articulation of developmental trajectories of character, the use of advanced methodological approaches, and the implications for education. Studies such as these are critically important for establishing the research base that will be used to design the character development programs of tomorrow. Adolescent character development is a high priority for educators, policymakers, and front-line youth workers. To meet this growing demand, and as exemplified in the five articles in this special section, character development scholars are drawing from a range of academic disciplines to push beyond the traditional boundaries of the science of character development. These articles highlight important trends in character research, including the co-development of a subset of character strengths, the articulation of developmental trajectories of character, the use of advanced methodological approaches, and the implications for education. Studies such as these are critically important for establishing the research base that will be used to design the character development programs of tomorrow.
2014
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(2014): The HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, and Emotionality factors. A review of research and theory. In: Personality and social psychology review: An official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 18 (2), S. 139-152. DOI: 10.1177/1088868314523838
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24577101 Abstract: We review research and theory on the HEXACO personality dimensions of Honesty-Humility (H), Agreeableness (A), and Emotionality (E), with particular attention to the following topics: (1) the origins of the HEXACO model in lexical studies of personality structure, and the content of the H, A, and E factors in those studies; (2) the operationalization of the H, A, and E factors in the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised; (3) the construct validity of self-reports on scales measuring the H factor; (4) the theoretical distinction between H and A; (5) similarity and assumed similarity between social partners in personality, with a focus on H and A; (6) the extent to which H (and A and E) variance is represented in instruments assessing the "Five-Factor Model" of personality; and (7) the relative validity of scales assessing the HEXACO and Five-Factor Model dimensions in predicting criteria conceptually relevant to H, A, and E.
Keywords: Behavioral Research, Big Five, Disziplin, Emotions, Entwicklungspsychologie, Good manners, HEXACO, Humans, Modelle/Theorien, Models, Psychological, Personality, Personality Inventory, Persönlichkeitsforschung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Reproducibility of Results, Soziale Angemessenheit, Überblick 2013
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(2013): Are Liberals Agreeable or Not?. In: Social Psychology 44 (5), S. 354-360. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000132
Abstract: Documenting the relationship between Agreeableness and political conservatism has proven elusive. We address this anomaly by showing that two aspects of Agreeableness – politeness and compassion – have countervailing relationships with political conservatism through right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). To test this, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of New Zealanders (N = 4,553). Politeness was positively, but compassion was negatively, correlated with political conservatism. Consistent with the differential mediation hypothesis derived from the dual process model of ideology and prejudice, these opposing relationships were differentially mediated by RWA and SDO. This attenuated the bivariate relationship between the higher-order trait of Agreeableness and political conservatism. These results demonstrate the complex relationship between personality and political orientation.
2010
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(2010): Self–other rating agreement in leadership. A review. In: The Leadership Quarterly 21 (6), S. 1005-1034. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.006
Abstract: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on self-other rating agreement (SOA) related to leadership in the workplace focusing primarily on research published between 1997 (the year of Atwater & Yammarino s seminal paper on SOA) and the present. Much of the current interest in SOA derives from its purported relationships with self-awareness and leader effectiveness The literature however has used a variety of metrics to assess SOA resulting in discrepancies between findings across studies As multi-rater (360-degree multisource) feedback instruments continue to be widely used as a measure of leadership in organizations it is important that we more clearly understand the relationships between SOA and its predictors and outcomes To this end in this article we review (a) models of agreement (b) factors affecting self ratings and the congruence between self-others ratings (c) factors affecting others ratings (d) correlates of agreement and (e) measurement issues and data analytic techniques We conclude with discussions of practitioner issues and directions for future research.
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(2010): Compassionate liberals and polite conservatives. Associations of agreeableness with political ideology and moral values. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 36 (5), S. 655-664. DOI: 10.1177/0146167210366854
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371797 Abstract: Political conservatism has been characterized by resistance to change and acceptance of inequality, with liberalism characterized by the polar opposite of these values. Political attitudes are heritable and may be influenced by basic personality traits. In previous research, conservatism (vs. liberalism) has been associated positively with Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect, consistent with the association of conservatism with resistance to change. Less clear, however, are the personality traits relating to egalitarianism. In two studies, using a personality model that divides each of the Big Five into two aspects, the present research found that one aspect of Agreeableness (Compassion) was associated with liberalism and egalitarianism, whereas the other (Politeness) was associated with conservatism and traditionalism. In addition, conservatism and moral traditionalism were positively associated with the Orderliness aspect of Conscientiousness and negatively with Openness-Intellect. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of personality's relation to political attitudes and values.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Disziplin, Empathy, Female, Good manners, Entwicklungspsychologie, Höflichkeit, Humans, konservativ, liberal, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Ontario, Oregon, Personality, Personality Assessment, Persönlichkeitsforschung, Politics, politische Einstellung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Regression Analysis, Schicht, Social Behavior, Social Values, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse, Werte, Young Adult 2009
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(2009): Pillars of cooperation. Honesty–Humility, social value orientations, and economic behavior. In: Journal of Research in Personality 43 (3), S. 516-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.003
Abstract: The current work explores the predictive power of the recently proposed sixth personality dimension, Honesty–Humility, with respect to economic and cooperative behavior. It was expected that this factor should explain how decision makers allocate a valued good to themselves vs. another in the dictator and the ultimatum game. More importantly, we predicted that Honesty–Humility would explain differences between these games in which the power of the recipient to retaliate is varied. Both conjectures were corroborated in a semi-experimental study with N=134 participants: individuals low in Honesty–Humility made more selfish decisions and only shifted towards a more fair allocation whenever the other was empowered to punish defection. Those high in Honesty–Humility, on the other hand, displayed a stable tendency for choosing a more fair solution – even when they could have defected without fearing consequences. Finally, social value orientations were shown to partially mediate the effects found.
2007
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(2007): The Convergent Validity between Self and Observer Ratings of Personality. A meta-analytic review. In: International Journal of Selection and Assessment 15 (1), S. 110-117. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00371.x
Abstract: The convergent validity between self and observer ratings of the Big Five dimensions of personality was examined by cumulating research findings across studies. The mean correlation corrected for coefficient alpha in self-ratings and inter-rater reliability in observer ratings was .46 for agreeableness (N=6359, k=53), .56 for conscientiousness (N=6754, k=58), .51 for emotional stability (N=8000, k=55), .62 for extraversion (N=7725, k=50), and .59 for openness to experience (N=5333, k=38). Results indicate that, although there is a high degree of construct overlap, both self and observer ratings have substantial unique variance. Moderator effects were analyzed. The duration of acquaintance (strangers vs close relatives) as well as observer type (peers at work vs relatives) were analyzed. Acquaintanceship had a large moderating effect whereas observer type did not moderate the level of convergence.
2004
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(2004): A six-factor structure of personality-descriptive adjectives. Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 86 (2), S. 356-366. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.356
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14769090 Abstract: Standard psycholexical studies of personality structure have produced a similar 6-factor solution in 7 languages (Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Polish). The authors report the content of these personality dimensions and interpret them as follows: (a) a variant of Extraversion, defined by sociability and liveliness (though not by bravery and toughness); (b) a variant of Agreeableness, defined by gentleness, patience, and agreeableness (but also including anger and ill temper at its negative pole); (c) Conscientiousness (emphasizing organization and discipline rather than moral conscience); (d) Emotionality (containing anxiety, vulnerability, sentimentality, lack of bravery, and lack of toughness, but not anger or ill temper); (e) Honesty-Humility; (f) Intellect/Imagination/Unconventionality. A potential reorganization of the Big Five factor structure is discussed.
1949
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(1949): Misunderstandings in human relations: a study in false social perception. Chicago, IL, USA: The University of Chicago Press
Abstract: In this monograph supplement certain implicit assumptions which may distort the analysis of human relationships are discussed. Sources of misinterpretations include: (1) a tendency to over-estimate the unity of personality. (2) emphasis in our culture on success and failure, (3) stereotyped classifications, (4) lack of awareness of the limits of insight, and (5) a tendency to overestimate the role of personal and to underestimate the role of situational factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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