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  • 2008

  • Parke, R. D.; Leidy, M. S.; Schofield, T. J.; Miller, M. A.; Morris, K. L. (2008) : Socialization In: Haith, Marshall M.: Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development: Amsterdam: Elsevier Acad. Press, S. 224-235

    Abstract: Socialization is the process by which infants and children acquire the standards, skills, motives, attitudes, and behaviors that are appropriate for a particular society and culture. Currently, ecological systems theory is the central framework for understanding socialization. According to this perspective, many agents play a role in the socialization process including families, peers, media, neighborhoods, schools, and religious institutions. Within families, various subsystems are recognized, including the parent–child dyad, the co-parenting, marital, and sibling subsystems as well as the family unit itself. Families, in turn, are embedded in a variety of extrafamilial socialization systems (e.g., peers and schools) and they operate together with families rather than independently. A variety of factors such as child characteristics including genetic differences, personal parental resources, contextual factors, and ethnicity modify the operation of these socialization influences.

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