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2016
Power, F. C. (2016) : Moral Development ☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier, S. 637-643

Abstract: Moral development involves the acquisition of the attitudes, dispositions, sentiments, and cognitive competencies involved in the process of moral judgment and action. The nature and role of these components depend on how morality is understood. Most contemporary moral psychologists distinguish morality from prudence and from custom or etiquette. They generally agree that to be moral is to treat others fairly and with a concern for their welfare. Moral development occurs through individuals interacting within distinctive cultural settings. Moral maturity involves not only judgments about what is right but also a sense of responsibility based on a moral identity.

Keywords: autonomy, Culture, Domain theory, Empathy, Gender, heteronomy, Historie, intentionality, Moral, Moral action, Moral Development, Moral self, science direct, Stages of moral judgment
2015
Malle, B. F.; Scheutz, M. (2015) : When will people regard robots as morally competent social partners?: 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Kobe, Japan: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 486-491

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2015.7333667

Abstract: We propose that moral competence consists of five distinct but related elements: (1) having a system of norms; (2) mastering a moral vocabulary; (3) exhibiting moral cognition and affect; (4) exhibiting moral decision making and action; and (5) engaging in moral communication. We identify some of the likely triggers that may convince people to (justifiably) ascribe each of these elements of moral competence to robots. We suggest that humans will treat robots as moral agents (who have some rights, obligations, and are targets of blame) if they perceive them to have at least elements (1) and (2) and one or more of elements (3)-(5).

Keywords: Cognition, Context, Decision Making, Ethics, Human Factors, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, Moral action, Moral cognition, moral communication, moral competence, moral decision making, moral vocabulary, morally competent social partners, PSYCHOLOGY, Robots, social aspects of automation, Vocabulary
2014
Malle, B. F.; Scheutz, M. (2014) : Moral competence in social robots: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE, S. 1-6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893446

Abstract: We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans-in short, social robots-must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don’t know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.

Keywords: Affect, Artificial agent, Cognition, Communities, Context, Decision Making, ethical aspects, Ethics, Human Factors, human moral competence, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, intentionality, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, Moral action, moral affect, Moral agency, Moral cognition, moral communication, moral decision making, moral language, norms system, PSYCHOLOGY, Robots, Social Cognition, social robots

2016

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