Alle Publikationen
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2014
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(2014): Perspective-taking in dialogue as self-organization under social constraints. In: New Ideas in Psychology 32, S. 131-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.03.004
Abstract: We present a dynamical systems account of how simple social information influences perspective-taking. Our account is motivated by the notion that perspective-taking may obey common dynamic principles with perceptuomotor coupling. We turn to the prominent HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, drawing from basic principles of self-organization to describe how conversational perspective-taking unfolds in a low-dimensional attractor landscape. We begin by simulating experimental data taken from a simple instruction-following task, in which participants have different expectations about their interaction partner. By treating belief states as different values of a control parameter, we show that data generated by a basic dynamical process fits overall egocentric and other-centric response distributions, the time required for participants to enact a response on a trial-by-trial basis, and the action dynamics exhibited in individual trials. We end by discussing the theoretical significance of dynamics in dialog, arguing that high-level coordination such as perspective-taking may obey similar dynamics as perceptuomotor coordination, pointing to common principles of adaptivity and flexibility during dialog
Keywords: adaptivity, ADDRESSEES, Communication, Conversation, dynamic systems theory, Dynamical systems, EYE-MOVEMENTS, HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Language, LANGUAGE USE, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, PERCEPTION, PERSPECTIVE-TAKING, social information, Spatial cognition, SPEAKERS, TRANSITIONS, Volltreffer 2012
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(2012): Getting Down to Basics. A Situated Model of Conflict in Social Relations. In: Negotiation Journal 28 (1), S. 7-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1571-9979.2011.00324.x
Abstract: The field of conflict resolution is fractured. Despite many decades of fine research, we still lack a basic unifying framework that integrates the many theories of conflict dynamics. Thus, the findings from research on conflict are often piecemeal, decontextualized, contradictory, or focused on negative outcomes, which contributes to a persistent research-practice gap. In this article, we describe a situated model for the study of conflict that combines separate strands of scholarship into a coherent framework for conceptualizing conflict in dyadic social relations. The model considers conflict interactions in the context of social relations and employs prior research on the fundamental dimensions of social relations to create a basic framework for investigating conflict dynamics. The resulting model is heuristic and generative. We discuss the theoretical context and main propositions of this model as well as its implications for conflict resolution practitioners.
Keywords: adaptivity, BEHAVIOR, conflict, conflict theory, COOPERATION, decision-making, Dyadic Social Relations, dynamic systems theory, DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS, HANDLING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT, Interaktion, interdependence, INTRACTABLE CONFLICT, Konfliktverhalten, NEGOTIATION, ORGANIZATIONAL POWER, POWER, social relations, stimulus fields, UNEQUAL POWER -
(2012): Between Homo Sociologicus and Homo Biologicus. The Reflexive Self in the Age of Social Neuroscience. In: Science & Education 21 (10), S. 1507-1526. DOI: 10.1007/s11191-012-9447-7
Abstract: The social sciences rely on assumptions of a unified self for their explanatory logics. Recent work in the new multidisciplinary field of social neuroscience challenges precisely this unproblematic character of the subjective self as basic, well-defined entity. If disciplinary self-insulation is deemed unacceptable, the philosophical challenge arises of systematically bringing together neurological, psychological, sociological, and anthropological dimensions of analysis in one framework such as dynamic systems theory; and of finding bridging concepts such as memory, social cognition, and cultural scripts that can facilitate the cross disciplinary study of the reflexive self. Relying on the systemic philosophy of science developed by Mario Bunge, this paper takes some steps in this direction.
Keywords: Cognition, cultural scripts, Culture, dynamic systems theory, History and Philosophy of Science, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Konstruktion des Selbst, Mario Bunge, MEMORY, Modelle/Theorien, SCIENCE, PSYCHOLOGY, script, SELVES, Social Cognition, soziale Kognition, STRANGE BEDFELLOWS, subjective self 2008
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(2008): Dynamic phenomena and human activity in an artificial society. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 78 (6 Pt 2). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066110
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19256908 Abstract: We study dynamic phenomena in a large social network of nearly 3x10;{4} individuals who interact in the large virtual world of a massive multiplayer online role playing game. On the basis of a database received from the online game server, we examine the structure of the friendship network and human dynamics. To investigate the relation between networks of acquaintances in virtual and real worlds, we carried out a survey among the players. We show that, even though the virtual network did not develop as a growing graph of an underlying network of social acquaintances in the real world, it influences it. Furthermore we find very interesting scaling laws concerning human dynamics. Our research shows how long people are interested in a single task and how much time they devote to it. Surprisingly, exponent values in both cases are close to -1 . We calculate the activity of individuals, i.e., the relative time daily devoted to interactions with others in the artificial society. Our research shows that the distribution of activity is not uniform and is highly correlated with the degree of the node, and that such human activity has a significant influence on dynamic phenomena, e.g., epidemic spreading and rumor propagation, in complex networks. We find that spreading is accelerated (an epidemic) or decelerated (a rumor) as a result of superspreaders' various behavior.
Keywords: Artificial society, complex networks, Computerspielwissenschaft, degree of acquaintance, dissemination, dynamic systems theory, Favoriten, gaming, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, multiplayer role online game, Netzwerktheorien, real world vs. virtual world, Realtechnik, rumor, spreading, SV, Technik 2006
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(2006): Contrasting Approaches to Perceiving and Acting With Others. In: Ecological Psychology 18 (1), S. 1-38. DOI: 10.1207/s15326969eco1801_1
Abstract: How and why the presence of a person directly affects the perception and action of another person is a phenomenon that has been approached in a limited and piecemeal fashion within psychology. This kind of diffuse strategy has failed to capture the jointness of perception and action within and between people. In contradistinction, the authors offer a perspective that retains both integrally social features (e.g., involves interaction) and yet adequately exploits the current state of knowledge regarding the ecological properties of perception-action, while at the same time drawing on aspects of dynamic systems theory. In this article the authors review the best attempts to examine how one individual affects another's perceptions and actions in the emergence of a social unit of action. Two important approaches, the individual-level and cognitive dynamics approaches, have yielded insights that derive in significant degree from principles of ecological psychology and/or dynamical systems theory. Prototypic of the individual-level approach is a focus on what can be perceived by coactors with the aim of uncovering how the dispositional qualities (affordances) of another person are informationally specified during social interaction. In contrast, the cognitive dynamics approach simulates dynamical characteristics of cognition and psychological influence with the aim of uncovering how cooperative interaction emerges out of its component parts. The authors argue that these approaches involve, respectively, insufficient mutuality and insufficient embodiment. Consequently, a social synergy perspective is discussed that approaches the problem of socially cooperative interaction at the relational, nonreductive level, using novel methods to examine how social perception and action emerge through self-organizing processes.
Keywords: degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, dynamic systems theory, Favoriten, Gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Interaktanten, Interaktion, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Kooperation, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Social Synergy Perspective on cooperation, Soziale Angemessenheit, SV, Überblick, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten
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