Alle Publikationen
2019
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(2019): Media are social actors: Individuals’ social responses to social robots and mobile phones. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: The Computers are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm was proposed more than two decades ago to understand humans’ interaction with computer technologies. Today, as emerging media technologies including social robots and smartphones become more personal and persuasive, questions of how users respond to them socially, what individual factors leverage the relationship, and what constitutes the social influence of these technologies need to be addressed. As an expansion of the CASA paradigm, the Media are Social Actors (MASA) paradigm was applied in the current dissertation to understand users’ social perception, social attitudes, and social behavior in their interactions with humanoid social robots and smartphones. Two lab experiments with between-subjects factorial design were conducted. A total of 110 participants were asked to interact with a humanoid social robot and a smartphone respectively in a socio-emotional context and a task-oriented context. Four pairs of social cues were compared to understand their influence on users’ anthropomorphism of the technologies. Multivariate analyses and textual analyses were conducted. Results suggested that users developed more trust in the social robot with a human voice than with a synthetic voice. Users also developed more intimacy and more interest in the social robot when the robot was paired with humanlike gestures. However, individual differences such as users’ attitudes toward robots, robot use experiences, and suspension of disbelief affected users’ psychological responses to the social robot. Although users’ responses to the smartphone did not vary based on the language styles and the modalities, factors such as individuals’ intensive smartphone use, mobile use habits, and their source orientation and re-orientation moderated the social influence of the smartphone. The dissertation has theoretical value in expanding the CASA paradigm to social robots and smartphones. It also tests the validity of the propositions of the MASA paradigm. The results can lead to more comprehensive, nuanced, and exciting discoveries of the social implications, ethical implications, and practical guides of using these emerging media technologies in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Language, Media, mobile phones, Moral & Ethik, Robotics, social actors, social media, social responses, social robots 2018
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(2018): Bedeutungs- und Begriffswissen im Recht. Frame-Analysen von Rechtsbegriffen im Deutschen. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. Online verfügbar unter http://www.degruyter.com/search?f_0=isbnissn&q_0=9783110572445&searchTitles=true
Abstract: Die innovative Studie wendet Verfahren der linguistisch-semantischen Frame-Analyse auf die Rekonstruktion komplexer fachlich-institutioneller Begriffe in der Domäne „Recht“ an und diskutiert intensiv die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Methode. Es werden Begriffe und Begriffsnetze aus den Rechtsgebieten Strafrecht und Bürgerliches Recht analysiert und frame-semantisch rekonstruiert; dabei werden z.T. auch konkurrierende Begriffsdeutungen und diachrone Begriffsentwicklungen mit erfasst. Die Studie leistet Pionierarbeit, da bisher keine anderen Publikationen vorliegen, die auch praktisch-empirisch Bedeutungs- und Begriffswissens-Frames so umfassend und intensiv beschreiben und frame-semantisch darstellen wie hier. Die Aspekte und Probleme einer solchen korpusgestützt und empirisch detailliert arbeitenden Frame-Analyse werden ausführlich dokumentiert und diskutiert. Sie zeigen die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methode (aber auch, wo ihre Grenzen liegen). Insofern kann diese Arbeit Vorbild für ähnlich orientierte Studien auch zu anderen Sprachgebrauchs- und Wissens-Domänen sein, und das geplante Buch deshalb auf das Interesse anderer in diesem Feld tätiger Forscherinnen und Forscher stoßen.
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(2018): The interplay of rules, asymmetries in language fluency, and team dynamics in culturally diverse teams. In: Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 25 (1), S. 157-182. DOI: 10.1108/CCSM-08-2016-0157
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-08-2016-0157 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how newly formed culturally diverse project teams develop and implement rules, and how these processes may be affected by language-fluency asymmetries. Design/methodology/approach: Using a case-study research design, the authors investigated three multicultural project teams within a management integration program in a multinational company in France. Their complete data set includes 37.5 hours of observations and 49 hours of semi-structured interviews. Findings: Findings revealed that subgroups formed on the basis of language-fluency and this affected the development and implementation of rules. While rule-setting mechanisms emerged across teams, they varied in form. On the one hand, tightly structured rules emerged and rules were rigidly applied when there were greater language inequalities. In contrast, implicit behavior controls guided interactions when language-fluency subgroupings were less salient. The findings also revealed that the alignment of other individual attributes with language fluency reinforced subgroup divisions, further impacting the rule development and implementation processes. Practical implications: Understanding rule development and implementation in culturally diverse teams and how these processes are impacted by language disparities enables managers to help members develop more successful behavioral patterns by keeping language-fluency (and other) attributes in mind. Originality/value: The study extends and complements previous team research by providing in-depth insights into the process of rule development and implementation. It demonstrates the impact of language-fluency asymmetries and subgroup dynamics on these processes. The authors propose a model to capture the processes by which culturally diverse teams create rules, and how the rule-setting mechanisms might be moderated by faultlines such as language-based disparities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all r ights re served) zitiert von 1
2017
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(2017): Effects of context and individual differences on the processing of taboo words. In: Acta psychologica 178, S. 73-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.05.012
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28618300 Abstract: Previous studies suggest that taboo words are special in regards to language processing. Findings from the studies have led to the formation of two theories, global resource theory and binding theory, of taboo word processing. The current study investigates how readers process taboo words embedded in sentences during silent reading. In two experiments, measures collected include eye movement data, accuracy and reaction time measures for recalling probe words within the sentences, and individual differences in likelihood of being offended by taboo words. Although certain aspects of the results support both theories, as the likelihood of a person being offended by a taboo word influenced some measures, neither theory sufficiently predicts or describes the effects observed. The results are interpreted as evidence that processing effects ascribed to taboo words are largely, but not completely, attributable to the context in which they are used and the individual attitudes of the people who hear/read them. The results also demonstrate the importance of investigating taboo words in naturalistic language processing paradigms. A revised theory of taboo word processing is proposed that incorporates both global resource theory and binding theory along with the sociolinguistic factors and individual differences that largely drive the effects observed here.
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(2017): Leader social accounts of subordinates' unethical behavior. Examining observer reactions to leader social accounts with moral disengagement language. In: The Journal of applied psychology 102 (10), S. 1448-1461. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000233
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493747 Abstract: When providing social accounts (Sitkin & Bies, 1993) for the unethical conduct of subordinates, leaders may use language consistent with cognitive strategies described by Bandura (1991, 1999) in his work on moral disengagement. That is, leader's social accounts may reframe or reconstrue subordinates' unethical conduct such that it appears less reprehensible. We predict observers will respond negatively to leaders when they use moral disengagement language within social accounts and, specifically, observers will ostracize these leaders. In addition, we predict that observer moral disengagement propensity moderates this effect, such that the relationship between leaders' use of moral disengagement language within a social account and ostracism is stronger when observer moral disengagement propensity is lower versus higher. Finally, we predict that the reason why observers ostracize the leader is because observers perceive the leader's social account with moral disengagement language as unethical. Thus, perceived leader social account ethicality is predicted to mediate the interaction effect of leader's use of moral disengagement language within social accounts and observer moral disengagement propensity on ostracism. Results from an experiment and field study support our predictions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2017): Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (25), S. 6521-6526. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702413114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702413114 Abstract: Using footage from body-worn cameras, we analyze the respectfulness of police officer language toward white and black community members during routine traffic stops. We develop computational linguistic methods that extract levels of respect automatically from transcripts, informed by a thin-slicing study of participant ratings of officer utterances. We find that officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop. Such disparities in common, everyday interactions between police and the communities they serve have important implications for procedural justice and the building of police-community trust.
2016
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(2016): Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology. Framing the language-ready brain. In: PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS 16, S. 1-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2015.09.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26482863 Abstract: We make the case for developing a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology to inform the analysis of the function and evolution of the human brain. First, we update the mirror system hypothesis on the evolution of the language-ready brain by (i) modeling action and action recognition and opportunistic scheduling of macaque brains to hypothesize the nature of the last common ancestor of macaque and human (LCA-m); and then we (ii) introduce dynamic brain modeling to show how apes could acquire gesture through ontogenetic ritualization, hypothesizing the nature of evolution from LCA-m to the last common ancestor of chimpanzee and human (LCA-c). We then (iii) hypothesize the role of imitation, pantomime, protosign and protospeech in biological and cultural evolution from LCA-c to Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Second, we suggest how cultural evolution in Homo sapiens led from protolanguages to full languages with grammar and compositional semantics. Third, we assess the similarities and differences between the dorsal and ventral streams in audition and vision as the basis for presenting and comparing two models of language processing in the human brain: A model of (i) the auditory dorsal and ventral streams in sentence comprehension; and (ii) the visual dorsal and ventral streams in defining "what language is about" in both production and perception of utterances related to visual scenes provide the basis for (iii) a first step towards a synthesis and a look at challenges for further research.
Keywords: Animals, Ape gesture, Auditive Faktoren, Biological Evolution, Computational Biology, Cultural evolution, Dorsal and ventral stream, dorsale und ventrale Ströme, Dyadic brain modeling, dynamic brain modelling, Evolution, Gehirnfunktion, Grammatik, Humans, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Imitation, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Kompositionale Semantik, Künstliche Intelligenz, Language, Language evolution, language-ready brain, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Models, Neurological, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Pantomime, Primates, Protosprachen, Psychomotor Performance, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, sprachbereites Gehirn, Sprache, Sprachevolution, Sprachfähigkeit, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Tier-Mensch-Vergleich, Vollsprachigkeit (vs. Protosprachigkeit) -
(2016): Effects of culture-sensitive adaptation of patient information material on usefulness in migrants. A multicentre, blinded randomised controlled trial. In: BMJ open 6 (11). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012008
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881523 Abstract: OBJECTIVES To evaluate the usefulness of culture-sensitive patient information material compared with standard translated material. DESIGN Multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial. SETTING 37 primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS 435 adult primary care patients with a migration background with unipolar depressive disorder or non-specific chronic low back pain were randomised. Patients who were unable to read in the language of their respective migration background were excluded. Sufficient data were obtained from 203 women and 106 men. The largest group was of Russian origin (202 patients), followed by those of Turkish (52), Polish (30) and Italian (25) origin. INTERVENTIONS Intervention group: provision of culture-sensitive adapted material. CONTROL GROUP provision of standard translated material. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome: patient-rated usefulness (USE) assessed immediately after patients received the material. SECONDARY OUTCOMES patient-rated usefulness after 8 weeks and 6 months, symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), back pain (Back Pain Core Set) and quality of life (WHO-5) assessed at all time points. RESULTS Usefulness was found to be significantly higher (t=1.708, one-sided p=0.04) in the intervention group (USE-score=65.08, SE=1.43), compared with the control group (61.43, SE=1.63), immediately after patients received the material, in the intention-to-treat analysis, with a mean difference of 3.65 (one-sided 95% lower confidence limit=0.13). No significant differences were found for usefulness at follow-up (p=0.16, p=0.71). No significant effect was found for symptom severity in depression (p=0.95, p=0.66, p=0.58), back pain (p=0.40, p=0.45, p=0.32) or quality of life (p=0.76, p=0.86, p=0.21), either immediately after receiving the material, or at follow-up (8 weeks; 6 months). Patients with a lower level of dominant society immersion benefited substantially and significantly more from the intervention than patients with a high level of immersion (p=0.005). CONCLUSION Cultural adaptation of patient information material provides benefits over high quality translations. Clinicians are encouraged to use culture-sensitive material in their consultations, particularly with low-acculturated patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Register for Clinical Trials: DRKS00004241, Universal Trial Number: U1111-1135-8043, Results.
Keywords: Adult, Aged, Cultural Competency, culture sensitive, Depressive Disorder, Major/therapy, Disziplin, Double-Blind Method, Female, Focus Groups, Health Literacy, Humans, Italy, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Language, Low Back Pain/therapy, Male, Medizin, Middle Aged, Pamphlets, Patient Education as Topic/methods, Patient Participation, Poland, Psychologie, Quality of Life, Rolle (Beruf), Russia, Transients and Migrants, Translating, Turkey -
(2016): Swears in Context. The Difference Between Casual and Abusive Swearing. In: Journal of psycholinguistic research 45 (2), S. 259-274. DOI: 10.1007/s10936-014-9345-z
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480107 Abstract: Although swearing is taboo language, it frequently appears in daily conversations. To explain this paradox, two studies examined contextualized swearing in Indian and non-Indian participants. In Study 1, participants assessed the appropriateness of mild, moderate, and severe swears in casual and abusive contexts; in Study 2, participants completed contextual dialogues with mild, moderate, or severe swearwords. Results indicated that mild and moderate swears were more appropriate in casual settings than in abusive scenarios; severe swears were the most inappropriate, regardless of context. Mild and moderate swears were likely to be used to complete casual and abusive dialogues respectively, even though it was expected that severe swears would be compatible with abusive settings. Moreover, gender and nationality differences suggested that assessing appropriateness of swearing behaviour and likelihood of swearword usage provided independent and contrasting findings. Cultural variations in swearing behaviour, particularly contextualized swearing, and suggestions for further research are outlined.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, India/ethnology, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Taboo, time, Verbal Behavior, Young Adult -
(2016) : Physical and moral disgust in socially believable behaving systems in different cultures In: Esposito, Anna; Jain, Lakhmi C. (Hg.): Toward robotic socially believable behaving systems: Modeling emotions., Vol. I, 105: Cham: Springer International Publishing (Intelligent systems reference library; Vol 105; ISSN: 1868-4394 (Print), 1868-4408 (Electronic)), S. 105-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31056-5_7 Abstract: The aim of the present study is to use the GRID, online emotions sorting and corpus methodologies to illuminate different types of disgust that an emotion-sensitive socially interacting robot would need to encode and decode in order to competently produce and recognise these and other types of physical, moral and aesthetic types of complex emotions in social settings. We argue that emotions in general, and different types of disgust as an instance of these, differ with respect to the amount of cognitivegrounding they need in order to arise and social robots will successfully use such emotions provided they do not only recognise and produce physical, bodily manifestations of emotions, but also have access to large knowledge bases and are able to process situational context clues. The different types of disgust are identified and compared cross-culturally to provide an evaluation of their relative salience. The study also underscores the conceptual viewpoint of emotions as clusters of emotions rather than solitary, individual representations. We argue that such clustering should be at the heart of emotions modelling in social robots. In order to successfully use the emotion of disgust in their interactions with humans, robots need to be sensitive to possible within-culture and cross-culture differences pertaining to such emotions, exemplified by British English and Polish in the present study. Given the centrality of values to the emotion of disgust, robots need to have the capacity to update from a knowledge base and learn from the situational context the set of values for each significant human that they interact with. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Aesthetics, BEHAVIOR, British English, Cross Cultural Differences, Disgust, Disgust cluster, Emotion event (scenario), Emotions, GRID, Language, Language corpora, Moral & Ethik, Moral emotions, Morality, Online emotions sorting study, Polish, Robotics, Social robotic, social robots, Translation data, Wstret cluster -
(2016): Social Practices and Normativity. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 37 (1), S. 46-56. DOI: 10.1177/0048393106296542
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(2016): Young Children See a Single Action and Infer a Social Norm. In: Psychological science 27 (10), S. 1360-1370. DOI: 10.1177/0956797616661182
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27634004 Abstract: Human social life depends heavily on social norms that prescribe and proscribe specific actions. Typically, young children learn social norms from adult instruction. In the work reported here, we showed that this is not the whole story: Three-year-old children are promiscuous normativists. In other words, they spontaneously inferred the presence of social norms even when an adult had done nothing to indicate such a norm in either language or behavior. And children of this age even went so far as to enforce these self-inferred norms when third parties "broke" them. These results suggest that children do not just passively acquire social norms from adult behavior and instruction; rather, they have a natural and proactive tendency to go from "is" to "ought." That is, children go from observed actions to prescribed actions and do not perceive them simply as guidelines for their own behavior but rather as objective normative rules applying to everyone equally.
2015
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(2015): Understanding power in social context. How power relates to language and communication in line with responsibilities or opportunities
Abstract: Presents an overview of how power relates to communication from a social psychological perspective with the aim of reviewing research on how power alters behavior by outlining particularly the implications of power for language and communication behavior. In addition, the authors demonstrate the reverse impact of (communicative) behavior on power by addressing the question of how the social context and the language used in this context influence the construal and exercise of power. After defining and presenting an overview of recent theoretical approaches dominating the social psychology debate on how power impacts behavior, evidence is reviewed on how power shapes language and communication behavior (e.g., body language) and vice versa. In this context, it is argued that research relating power to language and communication so far has often only considered power in terms of the perceived opportunities it provides. Therefore, subsequent focus is on the moderating role of the context: The social context is what shapes how power is understood and enacted. It is demonstrated how language or communication behavior serve both to create power and to develop a specific understanding of what power positions entail. In conclusion, opportunities for future research are discussed including the potential connections between the construal of power and its implications for language and communication behavior among individuals high in power and those low in power. zitiert von 3
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(2015): Sexism in Language and Talk-in-Interaction. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 34 (4), S. 410-426. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X15586574
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X15586574 Abstract: Feminists have long recognised important relationships between language and a gendered social order that disadvantages women. At the establishment of gender and language as a field of academic inquiry, work documented sexism in language—the ways words were used to ignore, narrowly define, or demean women. Using feminist conversation analysis, this article further develops that early work by considering recorded instances of gender and sexism in talk. A broad notion of 'gender trouble' was used to identify 50 relevant cases from everyday interactions. Two sexist language issues that were evident in the collection are presented in this article—the derogation of women and participants’ orientations to gender inclusiveness. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of sexism in language by examining how instances of it unfold over turns of talk. The study is discussed with respect to the methodological tensions inherent in feminist conversation analysis. (PsycI NFO Data base Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): Using politeness to model the psychosocial dynamics of power in organizational interaction. In: International Journal of Organizational Analysis 22 (2), S. 247-273. DOI: 10.1108/IJOA-09-2011-0515
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2011-0515 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose is to show how actors' relative power or parity is dynamically instanced in discrete speech behaviors that are exchanged throughout everyday organizational interaction. Design/methodology/approach: Politeness theory, rooted in the dramaturgical theories of Erving Goffman, details a set of linguistic indices used to show regard for others' face. This conceptual paper draws on politeness theory to model the unfolding of power relations within face-to-face verbal interchange in organizations. The paper presents a number of propositions suggesting how power differentials (or parity) are reflected in a set of common speech behaviors used to defray threats to face throughout organizational interaction. Findings: This article extends and applies politeness theory to organizations by exploring specific motives and linguistic outcomes of high and low power actors, describing the behavioral egalitarianism associated with organic organizations, and suggesting ho w the de mand characteristics of face-to-face interaction create oligarchic tendencies that militate against the success of workplace participation. Politeness' role in the social construction of power, and in distortive processes within hierarchical communication, is also discussed. Research limitations/implications: This paper enables researchers to understand the specific linguistic features associated with power-related roles, and it shows how the social distribution of certain speech behaviors is a function of power and dependency relations. Practical implications: The findings provide managers a fine-grained understanding of how power affects speech, and an understanding of how such speech patterns may stymie attempts to stimulate organizational empowerment and employee voice. Originality/value: Prior scholarship has neglected this most important topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Perspective-taking in dialogue as self-organization under social constraints. In: New Ideas in Psychology 32, S. 131-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.03.004
Abstract: We present a dynamical systems account of how simple social information influences perspective-taking. Our account is motivated by the notion that perspective-taking may obey common dynamic principles with perceptuomotor coupling. We turn to the prominent HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, drawing from basic principles of self-organization to describe how conversational perspective-taking unfolds in a low-dimensional attractor landscape. We begin by simulating experimental data taken from a simple instruction-following task, in which participants have different expectations about their interaction partner. By treating belief states as different values of a control parameter, we show that data generated by a basic dynamical process fits overall egocentric and other-centric response distributions, the time required for participants to enact a response on a trial-by-trial basis, and the action dynamics exhibited in individual trials. We end by discussing the theoretical significance of dynamics in dialog, arguing that high-level coordination such as perspective-taking may obey similar dynamics as perceptuomotor coordination, pointing to common principles of adaptivity and flexibility during dialog
Keywords: adaptivity, ADDRESSEES, Communication, Conversation, dynamic systems theory, Dynamical systems, EYE-MOVEMENTS, HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Language, LANGUAGE USE, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, PERCEPTION, PERSPECTIVE-TAKING, social information, Spatial cognition, SPEAKERS, TRANSITIONS, Volltreffer 2013
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(2013): The impact of social context and language comprehension on behaviour. A kinematic investigation. In: PLoS one 8 (12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085151
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376869 Abstract: We investigated whether and how comprehending sentences that describe a social context influences our motor behaviour. Our stimuli were sentences that referred to objects having different connotations (e.g., attractive/ugly vs. smooth/prickly) and that could be directed towards the self or towards "another person" target (e.g., "The object is ugly/smooth. Bring it to you/Give it to another person"). Participants judged whether each sentence was sensible or non-sensible by moving the mouse towards or away from their body. Mouse movements were analysed according to behavioral and kinematics parameters. In order to enhance the social meaning of the linguistic stimuli, participants performed the task either individually (Individual condition) or in a social setting, in co-presence with the experimenter. The experimenter could either act as a mere observer (Social condition) or as a confederate, interacting with participants in an off-line modality at the end of task execution (Joint condition). Results indicated that the different roles taken by the experimenter affected motor behaviour and are discussed within an embodied approach to language processing and joint actions. zitiert von 4
Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology, Comprehension/physiology, Context, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Interaction, Italy, Language, Motor Activity/physiology, Male, Motor Processes, Neuropsychological Tests, Observers, Sentence Comprehension, Social Environment, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2013): Social construction of gender-(un)fairness : An analysis of educational material and individual language use. kumulative Dissertation. FU Berlin, Berlin. Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie. Online verfügbar unter http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000095308-9, zuletzt geprüft am 30.05.2018
Abstract: In four contributions, this cumulative dissertation examined two ways in which communication may foster or decrease gender stereotypes and gender unfairness - educational material and individual language use. - (1) Moser, F., & Hannover, B. (2013). How gender fair are German schoolbooks in the twenty-first century? An analysis of language and illustrations in schoolbooks for mathematics and German. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29, 387-407. DOI: 10.1007/s10212-013-0204-3 Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen. (2) Moser, F., Hannover, B., & Becker, J. (2013). Subtile und direkte Mechanismen der sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht. Vorstellung eines Kategoriensystems zur Analyse der Geschlechter(un)gerechtigkeit von Texten und Bildern. Gender - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft , 3, 77-93. (3) Moser, F., & Masterson, J. (2013, in press). Are there signs of change in gendered language use in children's early reading material? Gender and Language. (4) Sczesny, S., Moser, F., & Wood, W. (2013, submitted). Who uses gender-inclusive language? On the importance of practice and intention.
2012
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(2012): Language as Social Coordination. An evolutionary perspective. In: Interaction Studies 13 (1), S. 103-124. DOI: 10.1075/is.13.1.07fus
Abstract: Human social coordination is often mediated by language. Through verbal dialogue, people direct each other's attention to properties of their shared environment, they discuss how to jointly solve problems, share their introspections, and distribute roles and assignments. In this article, we propose a dynamical framework for the study of the coordinative role of language. Based on a review of a number of recent experimental studies, we argue that shared symbolic patterns emerge and stabilize through a process of local reciprocal linguistic alignment. Such patterns in turn come to facilitate and refine social coordination by enabling the alignment, joint construction and navigation of conceptual models and actions. Implications of the framework are illustrated and discussed in relation to a case study where dyads of interlocutors interact verbally to reach joint decisions in a perceptual discrimination task.
Keywords: adaptivity, affordances, Communication, CONSTRAINTS, Conversation, dialogue, emergence, Evolution, HUMAN-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, INTERACTING MINDS, Interaction, Interaktion, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Koordination, Language, linguistic alignment, Linguistik, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, social coordination, symbolic patterns 2010
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(2010): Geschlechtergerechte Formulierungen in Nachrichtentexten. In: Publizistik 55 (3), S. 289-304. DOI: 10.1007/s11616-010-0093-2
Abstract: Es wird vergleichend analysiert, wie gut generisch maskuline Personenbezeichnungen (z. B. die Studenten) und alternative geschlechtergerechte Formen (z. B. die Studentinnen und Studenten) für Nachrichtentexte geeignet sind. Dabei ist von Interesse, ob die Verwendung der jeweiligen Formen zu einem angemessenen gedanklichen Einbezug der am berichteten Ereignis beteiligten Frauen führt, ob der Text gut lesbar bleibt und ob das Publikum die Textästhetik positiv beurteilt. Die Befunde von zwei experimentellen Studien, an denen insgesamt 521 Personen teilnahmen, deuten darauf hin, dass der Einsatz bestimmter geschlechtergerechter Personenbezeichnungen (Paarformen (z. B. Astronautinnen und Astronauten) und genusneutrale Formulierungen (z. B. Badegäste)) im Vergleich zur Verwendung generisch maskuliner Formulierungen zu einer angemesseneren gedanklichen Berücksichtigung von Frauen beiträgt, ohne dabei die Lesbarkeit und sprachliche Ästhetik zu beeinträchtigen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes geschlechtergerechter Sprache in Pressemedien diskutiert. zitiert von 12
Keywords: Aesthetics, Fairness, Language, Medien, News Media, Readability, Sexism, Social Cognition, Sprachwissenschaften -
(2010): Social cognition and the evolution of language: constructing cognitive phylogenies. In: Neuron 65 (6), S. 795-814. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.011 Abstract: Human language and social cognition are closely linked: advanced social cognition is necessary for children to acquire language, and language allows forms of social understanding (and, more broadly, culture) that would otherwise be impossible. Both "language" and "social cognition" are complex constructs, involving many independent cognitive mechanisms, and the comparative approach provides a powerful route to understanding the evolution of such mechanisms. We provide a broad comparative review of mechanisms underlying social intelligence in vertebrates, with the goal of determining which human mechanisms are broadly shared, which have evolved in parallel in other clades, and which, potentially, are uniquely developed in our species. We emphasize the importance of convergent evolution for testing hypotheses about neural mechanisms and their evolution.
2009
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(2009): Studies of adults can inform accounts of theory of mind development. In: Developmental Psychology 45 (1), S. 190-201. DOI: 10.1037/a0014098
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014098 Abstract: There is strong evidence that developments in children's theory of mind (ToM) at 3?4 years are related to developments in language and executive function. However, these relationships might exist for 2 reasons. First, language and executive function might be necessary for the mature ToM abilities that children are in the process of developing. Second, language and executive function may be necessary for developing ToM but have no necessary role in mature ToM. It is difficult to distinguish between these possibilities if researchers only study young children. Studies of adults can provide direct evidence about the role of language and executive function in mature ToM. Recent work suggests that impaired executive function has multiple roles in adult ToM but that severely impaired grammar can leave ToM structurally intact. While studies of children report that ToM correlates with both language and executive function, findings from adults suggest that these relationships should be interpreted in importantly different ways.
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(2009) : Conversational inference. Social cognition as interactional intelligence In: Strack, Fritz; Förster, Jens; Strack, Fritz (Ed); Förster, Jens (Ed) (Hg.): Social cognition: The basis of human interaction: New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, S. 71-92
Abstract: The term social cognition has been used by psychologists to describe distinct objects of study. In one meaning, social cognition can be characterized as the application of cognitive psychology to understand how judgments are made about social objects. So, cognitive theories about category prototypes were used to understand stereotypes about social groups, and the distinction between automatic and controlled processing has been used by social psychologists to better understand social judgment processes such as sentencing offenders in a criminal court. In this chapter, the author is concerned with a different sense of social cognition, namely, the social psychology of higher mental processes. In this view, social cognition informs the process of understanding itself through equipping individuals with the interactional intelligence that enables them to communicate with others through successful language use and understanding. The author presents some recent thinking in linguistics to illustrate this perspective before returning to its implications for the psychology of reasoning and judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adjudication, Cognition, Cognitions, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive psychology, Comprehension, Conversation, conversational inference, higher mental processes, Inference, interactional intelligence, Interpersonal Interaction, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Language, LANGUAGE USE, Linguistics, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Social Cognition, Reasoning, Social intelligence, social judgments, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, understanding 2008
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(2008): Personality as manifest in word use. Correlations with self-report, acquaintance report, and behavior. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 94 (2), S. 334-346. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.334
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18211181 Abstract: The use of words is one of the most direct means of expressing thoughts and feelings. However, past studies have had limited success in correlating word use with personality. The purpose of the present study was to identify categories of word use relevant to personality using a broad range of personality data. Using data from 181 participants, the present study correlated word use within a 1-hr life history interview with self-judgments of personality, judgments of personality provided by close acquaintances (who were not exposed to the language sample), and behavioral ratings based on direct observation from a context entirely separate from that from which the language sample was derived. Several categories of word use yielded a large number of correlates with self- and acquaintance personality ratings and behavior. It is suggested that word use is related to personality to a larger degree than previously observed and deserves increased attention as a source of data in personality assessment.
2007
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(2007): Language as context for the perception of emotion. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 11 (8), S. 327-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.06.003
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2225544 Abstract: In the blink of an eye, people can easily see emotion in another person's face. This fact leads many to assume that emotion perception is given and proceeds independently of conceptual processes such as language. In this paper we suggest otherwise and offer the hypothesis that language functions as a context in emotion perception. We review a variety of evidence consistent with the language-as-context view and then discuss how a linguistically relative approach to emotion perception allows for intriguing and generative questions about the extent to which language shapes the sensory processing involved in seeing emotion in another person's face.