Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : Exploring the Effect of Politeness on User Contribution in Q&A sites: A Case Study of Stack Overflow In: Shen, Weiming; Luo, Junzhou; Barthès, Jean-Paul; Dong, Fang; Zhang, Jinghui; Zhu, Haibin (Hg.): Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): May 9-11, 2018, Nanjing, China: 2018 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): Nanjing, China: 5/9/2018 - 5/11/2018. IEEE International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Dongnan-Daxue; IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society; Cscwd: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 713-718
Abstract: Online question and answer (Q&A) sites are platforms allowing users to seek information or social support, which is sometimes socially uncomfortable. A major challenge in Q&A sites is how to encourage user contribution. Theory of linguistic politeness informs us that politeness is able to ease the tension resulting from face-threatening acts (FTA), and it is applicable to Q&A sites. However, Stack Overflow (SO), one of the most popular Q&A site for programmers, denies the use of linguistic politeness (e.g., greetings, salutations, and gratitude expressions), aiming at building a nonsocial platform. This paper focuses on a specific politeness strategy-expressing gratitude-in Q&A sites, and examines its effect on answerers' future contributions from the aspects of quality. Results indicate that gratitude expressions in comments can motivate answerers to generate higher quality content.
2017
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(2017): The means/side-effect distinction in moral cognition: A meta-analysis.. In: Cognition (Vol.166), S. 314-327, zuletzt geprüft am 02.05.2018
Abstract: Experimental research suggests that people draw a moral distinction between bad outcomes brought about as a means versus a side effect (or byproduct). Such findings have informed multiple psychological and philosophical debates about moral cognition, including its computational structure, its sensitivity to the famous Doctrine of Double Effect, its reliability, and its status as a universal and innate mental module akin to universal grammar. But some studies have failed to replicate the means/byproduct effect especially in the absence of other factors, such as personal contact. So we aimed to determine how robust the means/byproduct effect is by conducting a meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies (k = 101; 24,058 participants). We found that while there is an overall small difference between moral judgments of means and byproducts (standardized mean difference = 0.87, 95% CI 0.67–1.06; standardized mean change = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44–0.69; log odds ratio = 1.59, 95% CI 1.15–2.02), the mean effect size is primarily moderated by whether the outcome is brought about by personal contact, which typically involves the use of personal force. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 3
Keywords: Grammar, Kognitionswissenschaften, Linguistics, Moral, Metaanalyse, Morality, Social Cognition 2016
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(2016) : Gender and linguistic sexism. In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Hg.): Advances in intergroup communication: Bern, Schweiz: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe (Language as social action)
Abstract: In this chapter, we approach the issue of 'grammaticalization of gender' from an intergroup relations perspective. Using social identity theory, and more specifically self-categorization theory, we argue that grammaticalization of gender strongly contributes to the salience, or accessibility, of the social category 'gender.' Relatedly, we contend that the dual use of grammatically masculine forms to refer to people in general (i.e., as generic forms) as well as to men in particular (i.e., as gender-specific forms) is a reflection of intergroup hierarchies and helps to delimit intergroup boundaries in a way that disadvantages women. As a starting point for our argument, we present the concepts of self-categorization and grammaticalization of gender. We demonstrate how these can be linked together and discuss recent empirical evidence in light of this framework. We then focus on the asymmetric use of grammatical gender forms, which is prevalent in many gendered languages, a nd its c onsequences for the overall invisibility of women in discourse as well as for individuals' sense of belonging. Against this background we discuss neutralization and feminization as linguistic approaches to addressing the negative consequences of the grammaticalization of gender, which have been promoted by political and language-regulating institutions, and conclude with outlining future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): An integrated system for interactive continuous learning of categorical knowledge. In: Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 28 (5), S. 823-848. DOI: 10.1080/0952813X.2015.1132268
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2015.1132268 Abstract: This article presents an integrated robot system capable of interactive learning in dialogue with a human. Such a system needs to have several competencies and must be able to process different types of representations. In this article, we describe a collection of mechanisms that enable integration of heterogeneous competencies in a principled way. Central to our design is the creation of beliefs from visual and linguistic information, and the use of these beliefs for planning system behaviour to satisfy internal drives. The system is able to detect gaps in its knowledge and to plan and execute actions that provide information needed to fill these gaps. We propose a hierarchy of mechanisms which are capable of engaging in different kinds of learning interactions, e.g. those initiated by a tutor or by the system itself. We present the theory these mechanisms are build upon and an instantiation of this theory in the form of an integrated robot system. We demonstrate the operation of the system in the case of learning conceptual models of objects and their visual properties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2012
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(2012): Frame-Semantik. Ein Kompendium. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110269451
Abstract: Frame semantics is an important recent development in linguistic theory that links linguistics, cognitive psychology, general cognitive science, and AI research. This handbook-style introductory work, which is the first to com-prehensively consider the topic from a linguistic perspective, discusses the most important frame models and their theoretical roots, applications, and implications. The handbook format allows each chapter to be read and used individually Frame semantics is an important recent development in linguistic theory that links linguistics, cognitive psychology, general cognitive science, and AI research. This handbook-style introductory work, which is the first to com-prehensively consider the topic from a linguistic perspective, discusses the most important frame models and their theoretical roots, applications, and implications. The handbook format allows each chapter to be read and used individually. Dietrich Busse,Universität Düsseldorf.
2010
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Hoffmann, Ludger (2010): Sprachwissenschaft. Ein Reader. 3., aktualisierte und erw. Aufl.. Berlin: De Gruyter (De-Gruyter-Studium). Online verfügbar unter http://www.reference-global.com/isbn/978-3-11-022629-4
DOI: http://www.reference-global.com/isbn/978-3-11-022629-4 Abstract: The book contains classic and introductory texts to the core areas of linguistics, for example by Humboldt, de Saussure, Bloomfield, Bühler, Wittgenstein, Chomsky, Austin, Grice, Tomasello and others. Introductory texts provide an overview followed by transcripts and exercises for practice. The book provides a good introduction to the fundamentals of linguistics and is an ideal resource for exam preparation and for gaining an in-depth understanding of the subject. It is now available in a third, updated and expanded edition. The didactic orientation has been strengthened to meet the needs of Bachelor students. Introduction to the fundamentals of linguistics Contains transcripts, exercises and data for practice Suitable for Bachelor students Third, updated and expanded edition Ludger Hoffmann, Universität Dortmund. 'This is a very well-written book that presents central important issues oflinguistics with excerpts from the classic academic literature. This book isideal for university classes in German linguistics.'Petra-Kristin Bonitz in: Linguist List 22.450
2009
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(2009) : Conversational inference. Social cognition as interactional intelligence In: Strack, Fritz; Förster, Jens; Strack, Fritz (Ed); Förster, Jens (Ed) (Hg.): Social cognition: The basis of human interaction: New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, S. 71-92
Abstract: The term social cognition has been used by psychologists to describe distinct objects of study. In one meaning, social cognition can be characterized as the application of cognitive psychology to understand how judgments are made about social objects. So, cognitive theories about category prototypes were used to understand stereotypes about social groups, and the distinction between automatic and controlled processing has been used by social psychologists to better understand social judgment processes such as sentencing offenders in a criminal court. In this chapter, the author is concerned with a different sense of social cognition, namely, the social psychology of higher mental processes. In this view, social cognition informs the process of understanding itself through equipping individuals with the interactional intelligence that enables them to communicate with others through successful language use and understanding. The author presents some recent thinking in linguistics to illustrate this perspective before returning to its implications for the psychology of reasoning and judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adjudication, Cognition, Cognitions, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive psychology, Comprehension, Conversation, conversational inference, higher mental processes, Inference, interactional intelligence, Interpersonal Interaction, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Language, LANGUAGE USE, Linguistics, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Social Cognition, Reasoning, Social intelligence, social judgments, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, understanding 2008
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Kämper, Heidrun; Eichinger, Ludwig M. (Hg.) (2008): Sprache - Kognition - Kultur. Sprache zwischen mentaler Struktur und kultureller Prägung. Vorträge der Jahrestagung 2007 des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache. Institut für Deutsche Sprache; Jahrestagung des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. Berlin: De Gruyter
Abstract: Dieses Jahrbuch des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache ist dem Jahr der Geisteswissenschaften gewidmet und beleuchtet aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive das Zusammenwirken von cultural und linguistic turn. Die Beiträge aus Linguistik, Kultur- und Kognitionswissenschaft sowie Literatur- und Geschichtswissenschaft zielen darauf ab, die kulturwissenschaftlichen Traditionen der Sprachwissenschaft zu vergegenwärtigen und gleichzeitig den Anschluss der Linguistik an die modernen Forschungsrichtungen der Kulturwissenschaft zu dokumentieren: Hermeneutik, Rhetorik und Lexikographie, Kognitionstheorie und Diskursanalyse werden aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Perspektive diskutiert. Darüber hinaus beleuchten die Beiträge die Folgen des linguistic turn in den Nachbarwissenschaften exemplarisch anhand der Literaturwissenschaft und der Historiographie. Insgesamt präsentiert der Band das Spektrum von Grundlagen, Theorien und Methoden sowie anwendungsbezogene Beispiele einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Linguistik.
2004
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(2004): A six-factor structure of personality-descriptive adjectives. Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven languages. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 86 (2), S. 356-366. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.356
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14769090 Abstract: Standard psycholexical studies of personality structure have produced a similar 6-factor solution in 7 languages (Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Polish). The authors report the content of these personality dimensions and interpret them as follows: (a) a variant of Extraversion, defined by sociability and liveliness (though not by bravery and toughness); (b) a variant of Agreeableness, defined by gentleness, patience, and agreeableness (but also including anger and ill temper at its negative pole); (c) Conscientiousness (emphasizing organization and discipline rather than moral conscience); (d) Emotionality (containing anxiety, vulnerability, sentimentality, lack of bravery, and lack of toughness, but not anger or ill temper); (e) Honesty-Humility; (f) Intellect/Imagination/Unconventionality. A potential reorganization of the Big Five factor structure is discussed.
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(2004): Psychology. Is language the key to human intelligence?. In: Science (New York, N.Y.) 303 (5656), S. 318-320. DOI: 10.1126/science.1093993
2002
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(2002): Language as social action: Social psychology and language use. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
Abstract: This book is an interdisciplinary review and synthesis of the social psychological aspects of language use. The text weaves together research from philosophy, linguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, pragmatics, and artificial intelligence to provide an integrative and timely review of language as social action. In this way the volume demonstrates clearly how many aspects of social life are mediated by language, and how understanding language use requires an understanding of its social dimension. This volume should serve as a valuable resource for students and researchers in social psychology and communication who want a clear and thorough presentation of the linguistic underpinnings of language use. Although this book is relevant for a variety of disciplines, it is written in a clear and straightforward style that will be accessible for readers regardless of their orientation. Topics covered include speech act theory and indirect speech acts, politeness and the interpersonal determinants of language, language and impression management and person perception, conversational structure, perspective taking, and language and social thought. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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