Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): A Novel Artificial Organic Control System for Mobile Robot Navigation in Assisted Living Using Vision- and Neural-Based Strategies. In: Computational intelligence and neuroscience. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4189150
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30627141 Abstract: Robots in assisted living (RAL) are an alternative to support families and professional caregivers with a wide range of possibilities to take care of elderly people. Navigation of mobile robots is a challenging problem due to the uncertainty and dynamics of environments found in the context of places for elderly. To accomplish this goal, the navigation system tries to replicate such a complicated process inspired on the perception and judgment of human beings. In this work, we propose a novel nature-inspired control system for mobile RAL navigation using an artificial organic controller enhanced with vision-based strategies such as Hermite optical flow (OF) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Particularly, the Hermite OF is employed for obstacle motion detection while CNNs are occupied for obstacle distance estimation. We train the CNN using OF visual features guided by ultrasonic sensor-based measures in a 3D scenario. Our application is oriented to avoid mobile and fixed obstacles using a monocular camera in a simulated environment. For the experiments, we use the robot simulator V-REP, which is an integrated development environment into a distributed control architecture. Security and smoothness metrics as well as quantitative evaluation are computed and analyzed. Results showed that the proposed method works successfully in simulation conditions.
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(2018) : Care Robot Transparency Isn’t Enough for Trust: 2018 IEEE Region Ten Symposium (Tensymp): Sydney, Australia: IEEE, S. 293-297
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCONSpring.2018.8692047 Abstract: A recent study featuring a new kind of care robot indicated that participants expect a robot’s ethical decision-making to be transparent to develop trust, even though the same type of ‘inspection of thoughts’ isn’t expected of a human carer. At first glance, this might suggest that robot transparency mechanisms are required for users to develop trust in robot-made ethical decisions. But the participants were found to desire transparency only when they didn’t know the specifics of a human-robot social interaction. Humans trust others without observing their thoughts, which implies other means of determining trustworthiness. The study reported here suggests that the method is social interaction and observation, signifying that trust is a social construct. Moreover, that ‘social determinants of trust’ are the transparent elements. This socially determined behaviour draws on notions of virtue ethics. If a caregiver (nurse or robot) consistently provides good, ethical care, then patients can trust that caregiver to do so often. The same social determinants may apply to care robots and thus it ought to be possible to trust them without the ability to see their thoughts. This study suggests why transparency mechanisms may not be effective in helping to develop trust in care robot ethical decision-making. It suggests that roboticists need to build sociable elements into care robots to help patients to develop patient trust in the care robot’s ethical decision-making.
Keywords: care robot ethical decision-making, care robot transparency, Decision Making, ethical aspects, healthcare robotics, Human robot interaction, human-robot interaction, human-robot social interaction, ieee xplore, machine transparency, medical robotics, Moral & Ethik, Patient Care, patient trust, Robot Ethics, robot-made ethical decisions, socially determined behaviour -
(2018): On the interaction of social affect and cognition: empathy, compassion and theory of mind. In: Emotion-cognition interactions 19, S. 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.010 Abstract: Empathy, compassion and Theory of Mind (ToM) are central topics in social psychology and neuroscience. While empathy enables the sharing of others’ emotions and may result in empathic distress, a maladaptive form of empathic resonance, or compassion, a feeling of warmth and concern for others, ToM provides cognitive understanding of someone else's thoughts or intentions. These socio-affective and socio-cognitive routes to understanding others are subserved by separable, independent brain networks. Nonetheless they are jointly required in many complex social situations. A process that is critical for both, empathy and ToM, is self-other distinction, which is implemented in different temporoparietal brain regions. Thus, adaptive social behavior is a result of dynamic interplay of socio-affective and socio-cognitive processes.
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(2018) : The history of moral norms. In: Gray, Kurt James; Graham, Jesse (Hg.): Atlas of moral psychology: What do we evaluate when we evaluate moral character? - Helzer, Erik G.; Critcher, Clayton R.: New York, NY: The Guilford Press, S. 266-267
Abstract: How does history shape moral values? There are several different theoretical perspectives on moral change, and each has led to lines of evidence that shed light on the nature of morality. The cognitive sciences tend to focus on synchronic methods: studying mental life here and now in living populations. Occasionally, work is also done exploring evolutionary accounts, which is an especially popular approach when it comes to studying morals. Far less frequent is work on the history of morals. This is, in part, because history is difficult to study using psychological methods. This neglect is unfortunate, however, because changes over historical time can deepen our understanding of moral psychology. Like evolutionary approaches, historical approaches help us understand both the mechanisms of morality and their function. But historical approaches also shed light on moral learning, sociocultural contributors to moral norms, transformations over time, and moral conflict. In thi s chapte r, I consider relevant work in philosophy and cultural history, as well as research in the social sciences: anthropology, behavioral economics, political science, sociology, and psychology. Working together, these fields can deepen our understanding of how morality works. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Hidden Work and the Challenges of Scalability and Sustainability in Ambulatory Assisted Living. In: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 25 (2), S. 1-26. DOI: 10.1145/3185591
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3185591 Abstract: Assisted living technologies may help people live independently while also—potentially—reducing health and care costs. But they are notoriously difficult to implement at scale and many devices are abandoned following initial adoption. We report findings from a study of global positioning system (GPS) tracking devices intended to support the independent living of people with cognitive impairment. Our aims were threefold: to understand (through ethnography) such individuals’ lived experience of GPS tracking; to facilitate (through action research) the customization and adaptation of technologies and care services to provide effective, ongoing support; and to explore the possibilities for a co-production methodology that would enable people with cognitive impairment and their families to work with professionals and technical designers to shape these devices and services to meet their particular needs in a sustainable way. We found that the articulation work needed for maintaining the GPS technology in 'working order' was extensive and ongoing. This articulation work does not merely supplement formal procedures, a lot of it is needed to get round them, but it is also often invisible and thus its importance goes largely unrecognized. If GPS technologies are to be implemented at scale and sustainably, methods must be found to capitalize on the skills and tacit knowledge held within the care network (professional and lay) to resolve problems, improve device design, devise new service solutions, and foster organizational learning.
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(2018): The origin of the valency metaphor in linguistics. In: Lingvisticae Investigationes 41 (1), S. 152-159. DOI: 10.1075/li.00017.prz
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(2018): Impacts of visual occlusion and its resolution in robot-mediated social collaborations. In: International Journal of Social Robotics, S. 101-121. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-018-0480-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-018-0480-9 Abstract: In this work, we contribute to the current understanding of human behaviors in telepresence when visual occlusions are introduced in a remote collaboration context. Occlusions can occur when users in remote locations are engaged in physical collaborative tasks. This can yield to frustration and inefficient collaboration between the collaborators. In this work, we aim to design a better user interface to improve remote collaboration experience. We conducted two human-subjects experiments to investigate the following interlinked research questions: (a) what are the impacts of occlusion on remote collaborations, and (b) can an autonomous handling of occlusions improve telepresence collaboration experience for remote users? Results from our preliminary experiment demonstrate that occlusions introduce a significant social interference that necessitates collaborators to reorient or reposition themselves. Subsequently, we conducted a main experiment to evaluate the efficacy of autonomous occlusion handling for remote users. Results from this experiment indicate that the use of an autonomous controller yields a remote user experience that is more comparable (in terms of their vocal non-verbal behaviors [’The vocal non-verbal behaviour includes all spoken cues that surround the verbal message and influence its actual meaning.’ (Vinciarelli in Image Vis Comput 27(12):1743–1759, 2009)], task performance and perceived workload) to collaborations performed by two co-located parties. Finally, we discuss the implications of a better controller design for similar robot-mediated social interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Extension of grounding mechanism for abstract words: Computational methods insights. In: Artificial Intelligence Review 50 (3), S. 467-494. DOI: 10.1007/s10462-017-9608-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-017-9608-9 Abstract: The attempts to model cognitive phenomena effectively have split the research community in two paradigms: symbolic and connectionist. The extension of grounding phenomenon for abstract words is very important for social interactions of cognitive robots in real scenarios. This paper reviews the strength of symbolic and connectionist methods to address the abstract word grounding problem in cognitive robots. In particular, the presented work is focused on designing and simulating cognitive robotics model to achieve a grounding mechanism for abstract words by using the semantic network approach, as well as examining the utility of connectionist computation for the same problem. Two neuro-robotics models based on feed forward neural network and recurrent neural network are presented to see the pros and cons of connectionist approach. The simulation results and review of attributes of these methods reveal that the proposed symbolic model offers the solution to the problem of grounding abstract words with attributes like high data storage capacity with recall accuracy, structural integrity and temporal sequence handling. Whereas, connectionist computation based solutions give more natural solution to this problem with some shortcomings that include combinatorial ambiguity, low storage capacity and structural rigidity. The presented results are not only important for the advancement in communication system of cognitive robot, also provide evidence for embodied nature of abstract language. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Virtual Character Facial Expressions Influence Human Brain and Facial EMG Activity in a Decision-Making Game. In: IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 9 (2), S. 285-298. DOI: 10.1109/TAFFC.2016.2601101
Abstract: We examined the effects of the emotional facial expressions of a virtual character (VC) on human frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry (putatively indexing approach/withdrawal motivation), facial electromyographic (EMG) activity (emotional expressions), and social decision making (cooperation/defection). In a within-subjects design, the participants played the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game with VCs with different dynamic facial expressions (predefined or dependent on the participant's electrodermal and facial EMG activity). In general, VC facial expressions elicited congruent facial muscle activity. However, both frontal EEG asymmetry and facial EMG activity elicited by an angry VC facial expression varied as a function of preceding interactional events (human collaboration/defection). Pre-decision inner emotional-motivational processes and emotional facial expressions were dissociated, suggesting that human goals influence pre-decision frontal asymmetry, whereas display rules may affect (pre-decision) emotional expressions in human-VC interaction. An angry VC facial expression, high pre-decision corrugator EMG activity, and relatively greater left frontal activation predicted the participant's decision to defect. Both post-decision frontal asymmetry and facial EMG activity were related to reciprocal cooperation. The results suggest that the justifiability of VC emotional expressions and the perceived fairness of VC actions influence human emotional responses.
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(2018) : Singular Adaptive Multi-Role Intelligent Personal Assistant (SAM-IPA) for Human Computer Interaction: 2018 12th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST): 2018 12th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST): Lahore, India: IEEE, S. 35-41
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOSST.2018.8632189 Abstract: Intelligent Personal Assistance are poised to become the primary and most significant Human Computer Interface in the near future. This is attributed to advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Natural Language Processing and Data Sciences. A range of generic as well as specialized IPAs are being researched and developed by industry. Despite security and privacy issues, the adoption and utility of these agents is increasing. This paper proposes a singular adaptive multi-role IPA (SAM-IPA) that goes beyond scheduling and search facilities to handling multidimensional IoT as well as application data. SAM-IPA will not only act as a singular HCI responsible for delegation of multifarious tasks on behalf of the user but will also increase awareness via IoT and adapt based on ML over BigData. The proposed SAM-IPA will leverage the application interface communication mechanisms and technology potentials in the foreseeable horizon thereby drawing concrete findings while identifying research areas needing deliberation
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(2018): Voluntary Simplicity Strongly Backed by All Three Main Normative-Ethical Traditions. In: Ethical Perspectives 25 (1), S. 87-116
Abstract: We examine the growing ‘Voluntary Simplicity’ (VS) movement from the perspectives of Utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, and Virtue Ethics. We argue that, from each of these three diverse perspectives, there is a compelling argument to the conclusion that citizens of the ‘developed’ world ought to embrace such simplicity in their own lives, and to facilitate its greater adoption societally and globally. We conclude by asking why it is that this compelling conclusion has not already been more widely found and acted upon. In reflecting on this question we outline some arguments for why a culture of voluntary simplicity may be needed to drive political and macroeconomic change.
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Reinecke, Leonard; Klimmt, Christoph; Vorderer, Peter; Hefner, Dorothée (Hg.) (2018): Permanently online, permanently connected : living and communicating in a POPC world. New York, NY; London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
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(2018) : Emotionen in Lern- und Leistungskontexten In: Spinath, Birgit; Dickhäuser, Oliver; Schöne, Claudia (Hg.): Psychologie der Motivation und Emotion: Grundlagen und Anwendung in ausgewählten Lern- und Arbeitskontexten: 1. Auflage: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 80-107
Abstract: Die Entstehung und Auswirkungen der in Lern- und Leistungskontexten auftretenden Emotionen werden aus der Perspektive der Allgemeinen Emotionspsychologie in den Blick genommen. Dabei soll herausgearbeitet werden, welche Aussagen über diese Emotionen sich bereits aus einer allgemeinpsychologischen Theorie der Emotionen ableiten lassen. Allgemeinpsychologische Theorien beanspruchen, für alle normal funktionierenden Erwachsenen in allen Lebensbereichen gültig zu sein. Dementsprechend lautet die Grundannahme bei der Anwendung einer allgemeinpsychologischen Emotionstheorie auf den Lern- und Leistungskontext, dass die dort auftretenden Emotionen von grundsätzlich derselben Art sind, nach denselben Gesetzmäßigkeiten entstehen und dieselben Auswirkungen haben wie Emotionen in anderen Lebensbereichen. Die im Hauptteil der Ausführungen beschriebene allgemeinpsychologische Analyse der Lern- und Leistungsemotionen wird anschließend mit den Annahmen einer neueren Emotionstheorie verglichen, die speziell für Lern- und Leistungsemotionen entwickelt worden ist, der "Kontroll-Wert-Theorie". Abschließend wird kurz auf die Messung von Lern- und Leistungsemotionen eingegangen.
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(2018): Theory of a machine's mind. In: New Scientist 237 (3167), S. 6-7. DOI: 10.1016/S0262-4079(18)30365-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(18)30365-8 Abstract: MACHINES are getting to know each other better. An artificial intelligence, developed by Google-owned research firm DeepMind, can now pass an important psychological assessment that most children only develop the skills to pass at around age 4. Its aptitude in …
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(2018): The Perils and Promises of Self-Disclosure on Social Media. In: Information Systems Frontiers 20 (3), S. 425-437. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-017-9806-7
Abstract: In addition to their professional social media accounts, individuals are increasingly using their personal profiles and casual posts to communicate their identities to work colleagues. They do this in order to 'stand out from the crowd' and to signal attributes that are difficult to showcase explicitly in a work setting. Existing studies have tended to treat personal posts viewed in a professional context as a problem, since they can threaten impression management efforts. These accounts focus on the attempts of individuals to separate their life domains on social media. In contrast, we present the narratives of professional IT workers in India who intentionally disrupt the boundaries between personal and professional profiles in order to get noticed by their employers. Drawing on the dramaturgical vocabulary of Goffman (1959) we shed light on how individuals cope with increased levels of self-disclosure on social media. We argue that their self-presentations can be likened to post-modem performances in which the traditional boundaries between actor and audience are intentionally unsettled. These casual posts communicate additional personal traits that are not otherwise included in professional presentations. Since there are no strict boundaries between formal front-stage and relaxed back-stage regions in these types of performance, a liminal mental state is often used, which enables a better assessment of the type of information to present on social media.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Blurred boundaries, Business Studies, Communication, Facebook, Goffman, Goffman KeyWords Plus:IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT, Image, Inference, INNOVATION, Konstruktion des Selbst, NETWORKING SITES, ORGANIZATIONS, Self-presentation, social media, SYSTEMS, technology, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz, WORK -
(2018) : IoT Applications in Smart Cities: A Perspective Into Social and Ethical Issues: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP): 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP): Taormina, Sicily, Italy: IEEE, S. 387-392
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00034 Abstract: The possibility of interconnecting any kind of device to the Internet is driving the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm also in a city environment. Many IoT applications are making the Smart City concept real, offering advanced services to citizens and city administrators. This evolution relies upon a seamless exchange of information among different systems. Exchanged data includes personal and/or critical information, thus requiring proper handling in order to avoid security and privacy issues. At the same time, recent developments in robotics are fostering the realization of autonomous agents (e.g., cars, buses, drones) that do not require human intervention. In the city of the future, many services will rely on autonomous agents. Also, autonomous agents (e.g., robots) will become more human alike, and will be able to show emotions. Therefore, they will replace humans in many city activities. In this paper, we first overview the expected evolution of IoT applications and, then, we briefly analyze the security, social, and ethical issues that are foreseen in a Smart City context.
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(2018): Diplomatic protocol. Dunbeath: Whittles Publishing
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(2018): On the social appropriateness of discrimination
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the relationship between discriminatory behaviour and the perceived social appropriateness of discrimination. We test the framework of Akerlof and Kranton (2000,2005), which suggests discrimination will be stronger when social norms favour it. Our results support this prediction. Using a Krupka-Weber social norm elicitation task, we find participants perceive it to be more socially appropriate to discriminate on the basis of social identities artificially induced, using a trivial minimal group technique, than on the basis of nationality. Correspondingly, we find that participants discriminate more in the artificial identity setting. Our results suggest norms and the preference to comply with them affect discriminatory decisions and that the social inappropriateness of discrimination can be a moderator of discriminatory behaviour.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), CEDEX, Diskrimination, Diskriminatives Verhalten, Diskriminierung, economics, Entscheidungsforschung, Gruppenverhalten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Norm, wahrgenommene Angemessenheit von Diskrimination -
(2018): Ethical adoption: A new imperative in the development of technology for dementia. In: Alzheimer’s & Dementia 14 (9), S. 1104-1113. DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.012
DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1552526018301390 Abstract: Introduction Technology interventions are showing promise to assist persons with dementia and their carers. However, low adoption rates for these technologies and ethical considerations have impeded the realization of their full potential. Methods Building on recent evidence and an iterative framework development process, we propose the concept of “ethical adoption”: the deep integration of ethical principles into the design, development, deployment, and usage of technology. Results Ethical adoption is founded on five pillars, supported by empirical evidence: (1) inclusive participatory design; (2) emotional alignment; (3) adoption modelling; (4) ethical standards assessment; and (5) education and training. To close the gap between adoption research, ethics and practice, we propose a set of 18 practical recommendations based on these ethical adoption pillars. Discussion Through the implementation of these recommendations, researchers and technology developers alike will benefit from evidence-informed guidance to ensure their solution is adopted in a way that maximizes the benefits to people with dementia and their carers while minimizing possible harm.
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(2018) : The multi-norm structural social-developmental model of children's intergroup attitudes: Integrating intergroup-loyalty and outgroup fairness norms. In: Vala, Jorge; Waldzus, Sven; Calheiros, Maria Manuela (Hg.): The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict: Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42727-0 Abstract: This chapter presents a new complete theoretical model of intergroup attitudes of children—the Multi-Norm Structural Social-Developmental (MNSD) model. The MNSD offers a comprehensive and integrative approach that builds on three extant social-developmental theories that explain the dynamic variation of prejudiced responses during child development. The unique contribution of MNSD is in integrating hypotheses on the role of competing social norms, using social-developmental and social psychological theory. The MNSD proposes that two strong social norms, the ingroup loyalty norm and the norm not to be prejudiced (outgroup fairness norm), operate in a complementary rather than mutually exclusive way in social-developmental intergroup contexts. In specifying when and how these norms become influential and shape intergroup biases of children, the MNSD proposes two kinds of hypotheses, one regarding lasting changes in the availability and internalization of these norms and o ne regar ding the situational and context dependent salience of them. With this the authors explain existing results and generate novel untested systematic hypotheses on how the dynamic relationship between groups' complex normative repertoires and socio-structural variables proposed by social identity theory (status differences, their stability and legitimacy) might operate insidiously to protect or reify the status quo within asymmetric intergroup contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) Document Type:
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(2018) : From social interaction to ethical AI: a developmental roadmap: 2018 Joint IEEE 8th International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob): Tokyo, Japan: IEEE, S. 204-211
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVLRN.2018.8761023 Abstract: AI and robot ethics have recently gained a lot of attention because adaptive machines are increasingly involved in ethically sensitive scenarios and cause incidents of public outcry. Much of the debate has been focused on achieving highest moral standards in handling ethical dilemmas on which not even humans can agree, which indicates that the wrong questions are being asked. We suggest to address this ethics debate strictly through the lens of what behavior seems socially acceptable, rather than idealistically ethical. Learning such behavior puts the debate into the very heart of developmental robotics. This paper poses a roadmap of computational and experimental questions to address the development of socially acceptable machines. We emphasize the need for social reward mechanisms and learning architectures that integrate these while reaching beyond limitations of plain reinforcement-learning agents. We suggest to use the metaphor of “needs” to bridge rewards and higher level abstractions such as goals for both communication and action generation in a social context. We then suggest a series of experimental questions and possible platforms and paradigms to guide future research in the area.
Keywords: adaptive machines, Artificial intelligence, control engineering computing, Decision Making, developmental roadmap, developmental robotics, ethical AI, ethical aspects, ethically sensitive scenarios, Ethics, Face, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), plain reinforcement-learning agents, Robot Ethics, robot programming, Robot sensing systems, social interaction, social reward mechanisms, socially acceptable machines, standards -
(2018) : Gender and peer relationships. In: Bukowski, William Michael; Laursen, Brett; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.): Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups.: New York: Guilford Press, S. 571-589
Abstract: In this chapter, we provide contemporary theoretical and empirical information about the role of gender in the peer relations of children and adolescents. We begin by reviewing theoretical perspectives. These theories consider the development of sex-linked peer relationship processes and the impact of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships on their psychological adjustment. In regard to empirical research, research methods used to examine the role of gender in peer relationships are described. In addition, studies are reviewed that describe the nature of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships, including the tendency to segregate by sex and to engage in different activities. Finally, we consider the implications of girls’ and boys’ peer relationships, and their experiences in mixed-sex networks and friendships, on their emotional and behavioral adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): The effects of humanlike and robot-specific affective nonverbal behavior on perception, emotion, and behavior (PSYNDEXshort). In: International Journal of Social Robotics 10 (5), S. 569-582. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-018-0466-7
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdx&AN=0350667&site=ehost-live Abstract: Research demonstrated that humans are able to interpret humanlike (affective) nonverbal behavior (HNB) in artificial entities (e.g. Beck et al., in: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication, IEEE Press, Piscataway, 2010. 10.1109/ROMAN.2010.5598649; Bente et al. in J Nonverbal Behav 25: 151-166, 2001; Mumm and Mutlu, in: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on human-robot interaction, HRI. ACM Press, New York, 2011. 10.1145/1957656.1957786). However, some robots lack the possibility to produce HNB. Using robot-specific nonverbal behavior (RNB) such as different eye colors to convey emotional meaning might be a fruitful mechanism to enhance HRI experiences, but it is unclear whether RNB is as effective as HNB. We present a review on affective nonverbal behaviors in robots and an experimental study. We experimentally tested the influence of HNB and RNB (colored LEDs) on users' perception of the robot (e.g. likeability, animacy), their emotional experience, and self-disclosure. In a between-subjects design, users interacted with either (a) a robot displaying no nonverbal behavior, (b) a robot displaying affective RNB, (c) a robot displaying affective HNB or (d) a robot displaying affective HNB and RNB. Results show that HNB, but not RNB, has a significant effect on the perceived animacy of the robot, participants' emotional state, and self-disclosure. However, RNB still slightly influenced participants' perception, emotion, and behavior: Planned contrasts revealed having any type of nonverbal behavior significantly increased perceived animacy, positive affect, and self-disclosure. Moreover, observed linear trends indicate that the effects increased with the addition of nonverbal behaviors (control< RNB< HNB). In combination, our results suggest that HNB is more effective in transporting the robot's communicative message than RNB. (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Die Forschung zeigte, dass der Mensch in der Lage ist, menschliches (affektives) nonverbales Verhalten (HNB) in künstlichen Einheiten (z.B. Beck et al., in: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication, IEEE Press, Piscataway, 2010. 10.1109/ROMAN.2010.5598649; Bente et al. in J Nonverbales Verhalten 25: 151-166, 2001; Mumm und Mutlu, in: Proceedings der 6. Internationalen Konferenz über Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, HRI. ACM Press, New York, 2011. 10.1145/1957656.1957786). Einige Roboter haben jedoch nicht die Möglichkeit, HNB zu produzieren. Die Verwendung von roboterspezifischem nonverbalem Verhalten (RNB), wie z.B. verschiedenen Augenfarben, um emotionale Bedeutung zu vermitteln, könnte ein fruchtbarer Mechanismus sein, um HRI-Erlebnisse zu verbessern, aber es ist unklar, ob RNB so effektiv ist wie HNB. Wir präsentieren einen Überblick über affektives nonverbales Verhalten in Robotern und eine experimentelle Studie. Wir haben experimentell den Einfluss von HNB und RNB (farbige LEDs) auf die Wahrnehmung des Roboters durch die Nutzer (z.B. Sympathie, Animosität), ihre emotionale Erfahrung und Selbstdarstellung getestet. In einem Design zwischen den Probanden interagierten die Benutzer entweder mit (a) einem Roboter, der kein nonverbales Verhalten zeigt, (b) einem Roboter, der affektives RNB anzeigt, (translated by DeepL)
Keywords: Emotion & Roboter, Social robotic -
(2018): Li Zehou's notion of subjectality as a new conception of the human self. In: Philosophy Compass 13 (5). DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12484
Abstract: Li Zehou stands among the most influential Chinese philosophers in the post-Mao era. His notion of subjectality(zhutixing) is of paramount importance for current developments in contemporary Chinese philosophy. It belongs to the central concepts in Li's theoretical framework, around which his entire philosophical system is constructed. With his elaboration of this concept, Li expanded the problem of the self in post-revolutionary modernism. The present article analyzes the theoretical bases of this concept, exposes its importance in the scope of contemporary Chinese theory and shows why and how it represents a call for a new humanism. Through a multidimensional comparative perspective, the author also explains why the human subject, which is based upon Li's notion of subjectality, has the potential not only to transform (post-)modern alienation into a real human condition, that is, into spiritually fulfilled society of autonomous individuals but also to fill up the prevailing vacuum of values.
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(2018): The Effect of the Usage of Computer-Based Assistive Devices on the Functioning and Quality of Life of Individuals who are Blind or have low Vision. In: Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 112 (1), S. 87-99. DOI: 10.1177/0145482X1811200108
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1811200108 Abstract: Introduction: The Israel Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services subsidizes computer-based assistive devices for individuals with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) to assist these individuals in their interactions with computers and thus to enhance their independence and quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of computer usage on the quality of life of computer-based assistive device users, and to evaluate their capacity to carry out computer-based tasks. Methods: The study was conducted between the years 2013 and 2015. Questionnaires were provided to 96 randomly sampled individuals with visual impairments. These questionnaires were designed to collect information about the quality of life, types and frequency of computer use, satisfaction with the assistive devices, and the effects of computer-based assistive device usage on the participants’ lives. In addition, the study evaluated participants’ performance in tasks such as e-mail use, Internet surfing, and the use of Microsoft Word; participants performed these tasks on their personal computers. The research sample accounts for about 10% of visually impaired persons in Israel. Results: Findings suggest that participants use computer-based assistive devices frequently (four hours a day on average), primarily for leisure (three hours on average). Participants also report high satisfaction with their devices (mean of 3.98 out of the maximum score of 5.00) and indicate that the devices have improved their quality of life (mean 3.67 out of 5.00) and leisure activities (mean 3.68 out of 5.00). Participants display high levels of task performance, especially in the use of Microsoft Word software (mean of 3.47 out of 5.00), and e-mail usage (mean of 3.81 out of 5.00). Discussion: The findings suggest that most participants use computer-based assistive devices daily and report a positive influence from them on their quality of life and activity. Implications for practitioners: The study suggests that welfare services and assistance organizations would benefit from subsidizing computer assistive devices for individuals with visual impairments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)