Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Sollten Assistenzroboter eine "Persönlichkeit" haben? : Potenzial simplifizierter Roboterpersönlichkeiten. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 49 (4), S. 298-302. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1068-3
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27245227 Abstract: BACKGROUND In the European Union (EU) research project "HOBBIT" prototypes of assistive robots were developed in order to support a more secure and independent life style and trials were run at the homes of elderly users. OBJECTIVE The project "personAAL" aimed at investigating whether distinct behavioral forms of a robot ("personality"), despite an identical basic function (e.g. bringing a message) are perceived as different personalities by the test persons. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study a robot was equipped with two types of behavior, one more introverted (purely function-oriented, impersonal and factual) and the other more extroverted (lively and enriched). The two types of behavior were demonstrated to 13 test persons (mostly older persons and experts from the care domain). RESULTS Nearly all of the test persons (12 out of 13) perceived a difference with respect to the behavior of the robot. Of the test persons 1 preferred the introverted robot, 9 the extroverted behavior of the robot and 3 had no preferences or stated that the preference depended on the context. The evaluation of answers to the Godspeed questionnaire resulted in significantly different perceptions of "anthropomorphism" and "animated" as well as in the total evaluation. It is also remarkable that no significant differences could be found for "likeability" and "perceived security". There was also no significant correlation between the preferred behavior of the robot and the self-assessment of the test person as being more introverted or extroverted. CONCLUSION From these results it can be concluded that acceptance of a robot does not solely depend on the mere function, which of course is a precondition but that it is advisable to offer a choice between different types of behavior in order to optimize acceptance.
Keywords: 80 and over, activities of daily living, Aged, Assistenz, Ergonomics, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, man-machine systems, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Methods, Patient Acceptance of Health-Care, Patient Preference, Personality, PSYCHOLOGY, Robotics, Self-Help Devices, Social Support, User-Computer Interface -
(2016): Mechanisms in the Analysis of Social Macro-Phenomena. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34 (2), S. 237-259. DOI: 10.1177/0048393103262552
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(2016): Touch sensor for social robots and interactive objects affective interaction. In: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 251, S. 92-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2016.10.006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2016.10.006 Abstract: The recognised importance of physical experience in empathic exchanges has led to the development of touch sensors for human–robot affective interaction. Most of these sensors, implemented as matrix of pressure sensors, are rigid, cannot be fabricated in complex shapes, cannot be subjected to large deformations, and usually allow to capture only the contact event, without any information about the interaction context. This paper presents a tactile flux sensor able to capture the entire context of the interaction including gestures and patterns. The sensor is made of alternate layers of sensitive and insulating silicone: the soft nature of the sensor makes it adaptable to complex and deformable bodies. The main features from electrical signals are extracted with the principal component analysis, and a self-organising neural network is in charge for the classification and spatial identification of the events to acknowledge and measure the gesture. The results open to interesting applications, which span from toy manufacturing, to human-robot interaction, and even to sport and biomedical equipment and applications.
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(2016): Bridging the Ethical Gap: From Human Principles to Robot Instructions. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems 31 (5), S. 76-82. DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2016.87
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2016.87 Abstract: Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the Murphy-Woods alternative laws assume that a robot has the cognitive ability to make moral decisions, and fail to escape the myth of self-sufficiency. But ethical decision making on the part of robots in human-robot interaction is grounded on the interdependence of human and machine. Furthermore, the proposed laws are high-level principles that cannot easily be translated into machine instructions because there is an immense gap between the architecture, implementation, and activity of humans and robots in addressing ethical situations. The characterization of the ethical gap, particularly with reference to the Murphy-Woods laws, leads to a proposal for a shift in focus away from the autonomous behavior of the robot to human-robot communication at the interface, and the development of interdependence rules to underpin the process of ethical decision-making.
Keywords: autonomous behavior, cognitive ability, Context modeling, control engineering computing, ethical decision making, ethical gap, ethical interdependence, Ethics, human principle, human-robot interaction, human-robot interface, ieee xplore, Intelligent Systems, Law, laws of robotics, Moral & Ethik, Murphy-Woods alternative laws, Robot Ethics, robot instruction, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Robotics, standards -
(2016): A survey of autonomous human affect detection methods for social robots engaged in natural HRI. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 82 (1), S. 101-133. DOI: 10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2 Abstract: In Human-Robot Interactions (HRI), robots should be socially intelligent. They should be able to respond appropriately to human affective and social cues in order to effectively engage in bi-directional communications. Social intelligence would allow a robot to relate to, understand, and interact and share information with people in real-world human-centered environments. This survey paper presents an encompassing review of existing automated affect recognition and classification systems for social robots engaged in various HRI settings. Human-affect detection from facial expressions, body language, voice, and physiological signals are investigated, as well as from a combination of the aforementioned modes. The automated systems are described by their corresponding robotic and HRI applications, the sensors they employ, and the feature detection techniques and affect classification strategies utilized. This paper also discusses pertinent future research directions for promoting the development of socially intelligent robots capable of recognizing, classifying and responding to human affective states during real-time HRI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: affect classification models, Affective Valence, automated affect detection, Body language, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Human Computer Interaction, human-robot interactions, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relation, multi-modal, physiological signals, physiology, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, VOICE -
(2016): Self-Regulation and Power. How Self-Regulatory Failures Can Enhance Social Power. In: Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10 (1), S. 41-49. DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12228 Abstract: Low self‐control is often associated with poor life outcomes. Here, we propose that self‐control failures may also provide social benefits by signaling and maintaining power. We identify several pathways by which reduced self‐control can assist in ascending social hierarchies. First, the self‐enhancing tendencies adopted by people with low self‐control may contribute to making positive first impressions and advertising power to new acquaintances. The direct and disinhibited communication styles that stem from self‐control failures may also enhance power and lubricate difficult social interactions. Disinhibited aggression can help people maintain and acquire material resources and establish dominance over rivals. Finally, the parallels between the behavior of people with low self‐control and people with power (e.g., self‐enhancement, disinhibition, approach‐orientation, aggression) suggest that people with impaired self‐control will be perceived as more powerfu l than people with intact self‐control. Evidence for these propositions and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Investigating and designing social robots from a role-theoretical perspective. Response to “Social interaction with robots—three questions”. In Gesa Lindemann (this volume). In: AI & Society 31 (4), S. 581-585. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-015-0635-2
Abstract: As proposed by the editors, we give statements to two of the questions formulated above, briefly sketch some basics of a role-based approach to socio-technical innovation and give some examples, as to why a role-based approach might be helpful for observing and contributing to the field of Social Robotics.
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(2016): Dispose After Expiration Date. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (2), S. 129-136. DOI: 10.5840/techne201672753
Abstract: This article argues that there are three key claims of postphenomenology: first, that there is no immediate access to a phenomena that is not always already embodied; second, that there is no science that is not determined by a technology, and that technologies are instances of certain theoretical assumptions and perspectives; third, that all technoscience is enabled and mediated by the embodied perception that takes place in and through instrumentation, which leads to the insight that all scientific evidence is manufactured perception. There is critical engagement with Ihde’s take on pragmatism and it is argued that he makes too severe a distinction between embodied praxis and communicative action, between practices of embodiment and practices of communicating. The argument is that the technoscientific body is a communicative body. The article closes with the consideration of Ihde’s provocative thesis that we ought to think of philosophical systems as having expiration or obsolesce dates. The author recalls the important work of German-Jewish philosopher Günther Anders in order to think through the sense in which it is not so much our technologies that expire, but our ethical worldviews that are made discrepant and incommensurate with the challenges our technologies throw at us. It is argued that we have to make distinction between obsolesce, on the one hand, and error or failure, on the other.
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(2016): ON DECORUM. FROM THE CLASSICS TO POSTMODERNITY. In: QUAESTIO IURIS 9 (3)
Abstract: Considering that the observance of decorum is important to assure good human relationships, especially in the public sphere, and, also, that episodes of breach of decorum are recurrent in Brazilian public life, I propose to recover this classical concept, since its re-evaluation is opportune and urgent. I present therefore a historical revision of the concept of decorum starting from the classics and find that, although this concept has undergone changes, its fundamental aspect, the intimate connection with ethics, has been maintained until the present day. Evidence that this classical concept still survives is the existence, in many countries, of “codes of ethics and decorum” of legislative, judicial and other organs. I find, however, that this concept is sensitive to culture, which is proven in the contrastive analysis of a sample of episodes of the violation of decorum by judges of the American Supreme Court and of the Brazilian Supreme Court. I found that, although violations of Americans are less severe than Brazilians, the reactions of the media and American citizens are much more energetic, because decorum for the Americans is a value that they hold dear, while in Brazil it is a dead letter, lacking be ressurected. I also present some reflections on the arrogance of those who hold power, an attitude to which I attribute the cause of many occurrences of the breach of decorum nowadays.
Keywords: Brasilien, Breach of decorum, decorum, Decorum in der Öffentlichkeit, Ethik, Fehlverhalten, Gericht, Grenzen, Grenzüberschreitung, Judikative, Kommunikation, Kultur, Kulturvergleich, Macht, Medien, Medienwirksamkeit, Öffentliche, diskursive Aushandlung von Anstand, Öffentlicher Diskurs, Rechtswissenschaft, Rhetorik, Richter, Soziale Angemessenheit, Umgangsformen, USA, Werte -
(2016): Rawlsian altruism with perfect discrimination leads to social efficiency. In: The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 40 (1), S. 53-69. DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2015.1118098
Abstract: Recent studies draw attention on the highly specialized capacity of human beings in recognizing altruists versus cheaters in social interactions. These results hint at the existence of specialized abilities that support discriminating behavior in strategic interactions. In this paper, we explore the implications of discriminating behavior in the study of the indirect evolutionary selection of selfish versus altruistic motivations in the context of generic 2x2 base games, and in particular for coordination and cooperation scenarios. We find that inequality averse (Rawlsian) altruism can enforce under rather general conditions socially optimal outcomes, including cases where selfishness cannot, such as in prisoner's dilemmas. Inequality seeking (Nietzschian) altruism in no case improves upon Rawlsian altruism in terms of social optimality of outcomes, and often does worse. In the cooperation scenario in particular, Nietzschean altruism never manages to implement the cooperative outcome. Under perfect discrimination, moreover, inequality averse (Rawlsian) altruism often evolves at the expense of selfishness. These results suggest that the development of sophisticated discrimination abilities may be strongly adaptive in supporting fairness-oriented forms of pro-sociality in humans in the context of social dilemmas and coordination problems.
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(2016): The Economics of High-Frequency Trading: Taking Stock. In: Annual Review of Financial Economics 8, S. 1-24
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(2016): Doing emotions. The role of culture in everyday emotions. In: European Review of Social Psychology 28 (1), S. 95-133. DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2017.1329107
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2017.1329107 Abstract: Emotional experience is culturally constructed. In this review, we discuss evidence that cultural differences in emotions are purposeful, helping an individual to meet the mandate of being a good person in their culture. We also discuss research showing that individual’s fit to the cultural emotion norm is associated with well-being, and suggest that this link may be explained by the fact that normative emotions meet the cultural mandate. Finally, we discuss research that sheds light on some of the collective processes of emotion construction: social interactions and emotion representations are geared towards promoting emotions that are conducive to the cultural mandate. In conclusion, we suggest that individuals become part of their culture by 'doing emotions' in a way that is consistent with the cultural mandate, and that in intercultural interactions, emotions can be literally 'at cross purposes': each person’s emotions are constructed to fit the purposes of their own cult ure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 4
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(2016): The Ethics and Etiquette of Research Collaboration. In: Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 91 (12). DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001439
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(2016): The Development of Korean Children’s and Adolescents’ Concepts of Social Convention. In: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 47 (7), S. 918-928. DOI: 10.1177/0022022116655775
Abstract: Previous research in the United States has revealed that children's and adolescents' understandings of social convention go through a developmental trajectory that includes an early adolescent phase negating the importance of convention. This study examined whether this developmental pattern would generalize to children and adolescents from the more traditional East Asian culture of Korea. Specifically, among U.S. samples, children in middle childhood have an understanding of conventions based on a concrete understanding of social hierarchy; early adolescents negate their prior understandings and view conventions as merely the dictates of authority; and in middle adolescence, U.S. samples establish an affirmation of convention as constituent elements of a social system structured by shared norms. Our hypotheses were that Korean children would not exhibit the negation phase associated with early adolescence and might develop an understanding of the societal function of convention earlier than U.S. samples. To examine this, interviews were conducted using culturally appropriate situations with 64 Korean children and adolescents in three age groups of 10 to 11 years (M-age = 10.1 years), 12 to 13 years (M-age = 13.2 years), and 15 to 16 years (M-age = 15.8 years). Findings revealed that, contrary to our expectations, Korean children go through the same developmental sequence of concepts about convention as observed with children in the United States. This implies that the developmental trajectories of understandings of the functions of social convention can be generalized to children in traditional East Asian cultural settings.
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(2016): An ethics evaluation tool for automating ethical decision-making in robots and self-driving cars. In: Applied Artificial Intelligence 30 (8), S. 787-809. DOI: 10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919 Abstract: As we march down the road of automation in robotics and artificial intelligence, we will need to automate an increasing amount of ethical decision-making in order for our devices to operate independently from us. But automating ethical decision- making raises novel questions for engineers and designers, who will have to make decisions about how to accomplish that task. For example, some ethical decision-making involves hard moral cases, which in turn requires user input if we are to respect established norms surrounding autonomy and informed consent. The author considers this and other ethical considerations that accompany the automation of ethical decision-making. He proposes some general ethical requirements that should be taken into account in the design room, and sketches a design tool that can be integrated into the design process to help engineers, designers, ethicists, and policymakers decide how best to automate certain forms of ethical decision-making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Sozialisation und Gewalt. Von der Übertretung zum Verbrechen In: Ahrbeck, Bernd; Dörr, Margret; Göppel, Rolf; Krebs, Heinz; Wininger, Michael (Hg.): Innere und äußere Grenzen: Psychische Strukturbildung als pädagogische Aufgabe: Orig.-Ausg: Gießen: Psychosozial-Verl. (Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische Pädagogik), S. 74-87
Abstract: Bei dem Unterfangen, das Gewaltpotenzial zu handhaben, das Menschen und ihre Gesellschaften aufweisen, sich im Leben zu behaupten und erfolgreich zu sein und gleichzeitig Gesetze und Regeln anzuerkennen, die ein verträgliches Zusammenleben ermöglichen, ergeben sich zahlreiche Probleme. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen wird gezeigt, wie Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Sozialisationsbedingungen an dieser Aufgabe scheitern und eine durch Gewalt gekennzeichnete kriminelle Entwicklung nehmen. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie das Individuelle und das Soziale, das Bewusste und das Unbewusste ineinandergreifen. Es wird betont, dass psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologische Verstehensmöglichkeiten von Lebensgeschichten Raum für pädagogische und therapeutische Konzepte eines hilfreichen Umgangs mit diesen Menschen eröffnen.
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(2016): Moral Decision Making in Adolescence. In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 233, S. 476-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.197
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of moral dilemma solving and to define basic moral dilemma solving strategies. More than 480 subjects aged 13 to 21 years old took part in the study. As a result, it was possible to define six basic moral dilemma solving strategies: the care strategy, the context dependence strategy, the justice strategy, the unstable doubt strategy, the context/paradox strategy and the egoistic strategy. Age and gender were shown to play a role in the preference for specific moral dilemma solving strategies. The influence of the context of communication and interaction on the decision of moral dilemmas was cleared.
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(2016): The semantic isomorphism theorem in abstract algebraic logic. In: Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 167 (12), S. 1298-1331
Abstract: One of the most interesting aspects of Blok and Pigozzi’s algebraizability theory is that the notion of algebraizable logic L can be characterised by means of Syntactic and Semantic Isomorphism Theorems. While the Syntactic Isomorphism Theorem concerns the relation between the theories of the algebraizable logic L and those of the equational consequence relative to its equivalent algebraic semantics K, the Semantic Isomorphism Theorem describes the interplay between the filters of L on an arbitrary algebra A and the congruences ofA relative to K. The pioneering insight of Blok and Jónsson, and the further generalizations by Galatos, Tsinakis, Gil-Férez and Russo, showed that the concept of algebraizability was not intrinsic to the connection between a logic and an equational consequence, thus inaugurating the abstract theory of equivalence between structural closure operators. However all these works focus only on the Syntactic Isomorphism Theorem, disregarding the semantic aspects present in the original theory. In this paper we fill this gap by introducing the notion of compositional lattice, which acts on a category of evaluational frames. In this new framework the non-linguistic flavour of the Semantic Isomorphism Theorem can be naturally recovered. In particular, we solve the problem of finding sufficient and necessary conditions for transferring a purely syntactic equivalence to the semantic level as in the Semantic Isomorphism Theorem.
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(2016): Dirty secrets and being ‘strange’. Using ethnomethodology to move beyond familiarity. In: Qualitative Research 16 (5), S. 526-540. DOI: 10.1177/1468794115598194
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794115598194 Abstract: The paper is a discussion of my attempt to move beyond familiarity by using ethnomethodology—and the emotional impact of doing so; namely, the feeling of having a ‘dirty secret’. As a social work group member interviewing social workers, the process of fieldwork was all too familiar. However, during transcription and analysis, what I had considered to be ‘business as usual’ was revealed as something more complex. The paper describes how the ethnomethodological notions of being a member, the unique adequacy requirement of methods, and breaching worked to make the familiar strange and became key to my understanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 9
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(2016): Genes, Affect, and Reason. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (1), S. 1-15. DOI: 10.5840/techne20162443
Abstract: Many believe that, in addition to cognitive capacities, autonomous robots need something similar to affect. As in humans, affect, including specific emotions, would filter robot experience based on a set of goals, values, and interests. This narrows behavioral options and avoids combinatorial explosion or regress problems that challenge purely cognitive assessments in a continuously changing experiential field. Adding human-like affect to robots is not straightforward, however. Affect in organisms is an aspect of evolved biological systems, from the taxes of single-cell organisms to the instincts, drives, feelings, moods, and emotions that focus human behavior through the mediation of hormones, pheromones, neurotransmitters, the autonomic nervous system, and key brain structures. We argue that human intelligence is intimately linked to biological affective systems and to the unique repertoire of potential behaviors, sometimes conflicting, they facilitate. Artificial affect is affect in name only and without genes and biological bodies, autonomous robots will lack the goals, interests, and value systems associated with human intelligence. We will take advantage of their general intelligence and expertise, but robots will not enter our intellectual world or apply for legal status in the community.
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(2016): Arts-Inspired Design in the Development of Helping Interventions in Social Work. Implications for the Integration of Research and Practice. In: British Journal of Social Work 46 (6), S. 1690-1707. DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcv087
Abstract: The arts are becoming essential helping strategies of social work whether those involve direct provision of support of people who experience serious social issues, community action and organisational development, or policy change. What is not well understood is how the arts can facilitate the design and development of helping interventions in social work to meld diverse forms of knowledge building with multiple methods of representation. For us authors, one educated as an art therapist and the other trained as a social worker, the arts contribute a different way of thinking about the human experience than what traditional social service, social science or evaluative methods embody. Based on our collaboration in blending the arts in the design and development of helping interventions in social work, we consider the distinctive contributions the arts can make to accomplish such an aim, and we offer specific examples highlighting the ways the arts can inspire and advance intervention design and action in social work. Threaded throughout the paper are theory and questions that when answered will further advance social workers' understanding of the arts at all levels of intervention.
Keywords: Design -
(2016) : Who should robots adapt to within a multi-party interaction in a public space?: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 483-484
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451817 Abstract: Robots in public environments are challenged with socially appropriate interactions with previously unseen users: they need to offer appropriate services and shape their interaction style according to the particular individual’s needs and preferences, for example the elderly and children. In addition, interactions in public spaces are not limited to merely two parties, but often involve multi-party situations with changing numbers of participants. The research question of this work is to investigate what rules should a socially competent robot follow in order to adapt to such complex social situations in real-world scenarios.
Keywords: Analysis of Variance, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), complex social situations, Hospitals, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Information exchange, intelligent robots, Legged locomotion, multiparty interaction, Multi-Party Interaction, public environments, public spaces, real-world scenarios, Robot sensing systems, service robot, Social robotic, socially appropriate interactions, socially competent robot, speech, user needs, user preferences -
(2016): The when and who of social learning and conformist transmission. In: Evolution and Human Behavior 37 (1), S. 10-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.05.004
Abstract: Formal evolutionary models predict when individuals rely on social learning over individual learning and the relative strength of their conformist social learning biases. Here we use both treatment effects and individual variation to test predictions about the impact of (1) the number of traits in an environment, (2) the adaptive or payoff relevance of those traits, (3) the fidelity of transmission, and (4) the size of groups. We find that both social learning and the strength of conformist transmission increase with the number of traits, the adaptive value of those traits, and the fidelity of transmission. The strength of conformist transmission increases with group size, but only when there were 2 traits in the environment. Using individual-level variation and recognizing that treatment effects predictably impact individuals differently, we show that IQ negatively predicts social learning, but has a U-shaped relationship to conformist transmission, suggesting strategic use of conformist-biased social learning among those with the highest IQ. Other plausible predictors, such as status, cultural background, and personality, were not predictive. Broadly, our results reveal that not only is the conformist transmission bias ubiquitous, but that past experiments, both human and non-human, have likely underestimated its prevalence and the prevalence of social learning by restricting designs to only 2 traits.
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(2016): Generating Robot Gaze on the Basis of Participation Roles and Dominance Estimation in Multiparty Interaction. In: ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 5 (4), S. 1-23. DOI: 10.1145/2743028
Abstract: Gaze is an important nonverbal feedback signal in multiparty face-to-face conversations. It is well known that gaze behaviors differ depending on participation role: speaker, addressee, or side participant. In this study, we focus on dominance as another factor that affects gaze. First, we conducted an empirical study and analyzed its results that showed how gaze behaviors are affected by both dominance and participation roles. Then, using speech and gaze information that was statistically significant for distinguishing the more dominant and less dominant person in an empirical study, we established a regression-based model for estimating conversational dominance. On the basis of the model, we implemented a dominance estimation mechanism that processes online speech and head direction data. Then we applied our findings to human-robot interaction. To design robot gaze behaviors, we analyzed gaze transitions with respect to participation roles and dominance and implemented gaze-transition models as robot gaze behavior generation rules. Finally, we evaluated a humanoid robot that has dominance estimation functionality and determines its gaze based on the gaze models, and we found that dominant participants had a better impression of less dominant robot gaze behaviors. This suggests that a robot using our gaze models was preferred to a robot that was simply looking at the speaker. We have demonstrated the importance of considering dominance in human-robot multiparty interaction.
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(2016): Hegel's social and political philosophy. Recent debates. In: Philosophy Compass 11 (12), S. 804-817. DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12384
Abstract: This article discusses three topics that have been the subject of debate in recent scholarship on Hegel's social and political philosophy: first, the relevance of Hegel's systematic metaphysics for interpreting Hegel's social and political writings; second, the relation between recognition (Anerkennung), social institutions, and rational agency; and third, the connection between the constellation of institutions and norms that Hegel calls ethical life (Sittlichkeit) and Hegel's theory of freedom. This article provides a critical overview of the positions in these three debates. In the case of the first debate, I clarify the conceptual terrain by distinguishing between several kinds of systematicity that are at issue. In the case of the second debate, I argue that the views of two of the major participants, Axel Honneth and Robert Pippin, are in fact compatible. In the case of the third debate, I seek to clarify the connection in Hegel between two different ideas of freedom in ethical life, each of which has been emphasized by different interpreters of Hegel: the idea of freedom as non-alienation and the idea of freedom as social freedom. I conclude with a discussion of the ways in which ethical life, for Hegel, enables the freedom of individuals.