Alle Publikationen
1999
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(1999): Soziologie. Allgemeine Grundlagen. 3. Aufl.. Frankfurt/M.: Campus-Verl.
Abstract: KAPITEL 7: Modellierung sozialer Prozesse;
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Fowler, Sandra; Mumford, Monica (Hg.) (1999): Intercultural sourcebook. Cross-cultural training methods. Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press
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(1999): Whither Politeness?
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Friedrichs, Jürgen (1999): Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Soziale Integration. Wiesbaden; Opladen [u.a.]: Springer VS, Westdt. Verl. (Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : Sonderheft)
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(1999) : The Belief-Desire-Intention Model of Agency In: Goos, Gerhard; Hartmanis, Juris; van Leeuwen, Jan; Müller, Jörg P.; Rao, Anand S.; Singh, Munindar P. (Hg.): Intelligents agents V: Agent theories, architectures, and languages : 5th International Workshop, ATAL'98 : Paris, France, July 1998 : proceedings, 1555: New York: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence), S. 1-10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49057-4_1 Abstract: Within the ATAL community, the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model has come to be possibly the best known and best studied model of practical reasoning agents. There are several reasons for its success, but perhaps the most compelling are that the BDI model combines a respectable philosophical model of human practical reasoning, (originally developed by Michael Bratman [1]), a number of implementations (in the IRMA architecture [2] and the various PRS-like systems currently available [7]), several successful applications (including the now-famous fault diagnosis system for the space shuttle, as well as factory process control systems and business process management [8]), and finally, an elegant abstract logical semantics, which have been taken up and elaborated upon widely within the agent research community [14, 16].
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(1999) : Contemporary nonverbal theories of message exchange. In: Guerrero, Laura K.; DeVito, Joseph A.; Hecht, Michael L. (Hg.): The nonverbal communication reader: Classic and contemporary readings: 2nd ed.: Prospect Heights: Waveland, S. 471-518
Abstract: 'Accommodating Nonverbally' / Howard Giles and Paul Mark Wadleigh / Discusses convergence and divergence and other basic concepts of communication accommodation theory. / 'Expectancy Violations Theory' / Kory Floyd, Artemio Ramirez, Jr. and Judee K. Burgoon / According to the expectancy violations theory, communication partners respond differently to increased or decreased intimacy depending on whether they think the other partner is rewarding or unrewarding. / 'Explaining Face-to-Face Interaction: Discrepancy-Arousal Theory' / Joseph N. Cappella / According to the discrepancy-arousal theory, arousal in the form of cognitive activation occurs when a communication partner's behavior is discrepant from what was expected. / 'Creating Close Relationships through Nonverbal Communication: A Cognitive Valence Approach' / Peter A. Andersen / According to the cognitive valence theory, immediacy and arousal levels and other factors interact to affect approach or avoidance in relational communication. / 'Converging on the Phenomenon of Interpersonal Adaptation: Interaction Adaptation Theory' / Nathan Miczo, Lisa E. Allspach and Judee K. Burgoon / According to the interaction adaptation theory, communication partners respond based on required factors, expectations, and desires. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: expectancy violations theory, Kommunikation -
(1999): Knowledge in a social world
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Goos, Gerhard; Hartmanis, Juris; van Leeuwen, Jan; Müller, Jörg P.; Rao, Anand S.; Singh, Munindar P. (Hg.) (1999): Intelligents agents V. Agent theories, architectures, and languages : 5th International Workshop, ATAL'98 : Paris, France, July 1998 : proceedings. Atal'98. New York: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence)
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(1999): Trennungsrituale. In: Systhema 13 (2), S. 149-162
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von Ritualen während des Trennungsprozesses wird dargestellt. Rituale werden als symbolische Handlungen verstanden, die das Abschiednehmen, Loslassen und Festhalten im Trennungsgeschehen unterstützen. Verschiedene Rituale für den Rahmen von Beratung und Psychotherapie werden beschrieben. Anregungen für die Konstruktion von Trennungsritualen schließen sich an.
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Guerrero, Laura K.; DeVito, Joseph A.; Hecht, Michael L. (Hg.) (1999): The nonverbal communication reader. Classic and contemporary readings. 2nd ed.. Prospect Heights: Waveland
Abstract: 'Accommodating Nonverbally' / Howard Giles and Paul Mark Wadleigh / Discusses convergence and divergence and other basic concepts of communication accommodation theory. / 'Expectancy Violations Theory' / Kory Floyd, Artemio Ramirez, Jr. and Judee K. Burgoon / According to the expectancy violations theory, communication partners respond differently to increased or decreased intimacy depending on whether they think the other partner is rewarding or unrewarding. / 'Explaining Face-to-Face Interaction: Discrepancy-Arousal Theory' / Joseph N. Cappella / According to the discrepancy-arousal theory, arousal in the form of cognitive activation occurs when a communication partner's behavior is discrepant from what was expected. / 'Creating Close Relationships through Nonverbal Communication: A Cognitive Valence Approach' / Peter A. Andersen / According to the cognitive valence theory, immediacy and arousal levels and other factors interact to affect approach or avoidance in relational communication. / 'Converging on the Phenomenon of Interpersonal Adaptation: Interaction Adaptation Theory' / Nathan Miczo, Lisa E. Allspach and Judee K. Burgoon / According to the interaction adaptation theory, communication partners respond based on required factors, expectations, and desires. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(1999): Umweltpsychologie. Ein Lehrbuch. Göttingen: Hogrefe Verl. für Psychologie
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(1999): Some play fair, some don't. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 38 (1), S. 113-131. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2681(98)00124-3
Abstract: In a production game, a firm and its workers can realize the Pareto-efficient outcome if the workers behave reciprocally fair, but being fair is strictly dominated. While firms are fully rational, workers are assumed to be boundedly rational and follow a proportional imitation learning rule. At the beginning of each period many identical firms draw samples from the workers' population and play the production game. Afterwards workers update their strategies. The unique stable equilibrium of the population dynamics is a mixed workers' population, that is, some play fair, some do not. Furthermore, the intuition that small group sizes favor fairness is formalized.
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Kienpointner, Manfred (1999): Ideologies of politeness. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
(1999): Kommunikation unter Anwesenden.. Studien über Interaktionssysteme. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp
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(1999) : ‚Frame‘ als semantischer Theoriebegriff und als wissensdiagnostisches Instrumentarium In: Pohl, Inge: Interdisziplinarität und Methodenpluralismus in der Semantikforschung: Frankfurt / M. u.a.: Lang, S. 157-183
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Lenz, Karl (1999): Die alternde Gesellschaft. Problemfelder gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit Altern und Alter. Weinheim: Juventa (Dresdner Studien zur Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialforschung)
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(1999) : Alter und Altern aus sozialgerontologischer Sicht In: Lenz, Karl: Die alternde Gesellschaft: Problemfelder gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit Altern und Alter: Weinheim: Juventa (Dresdner Studien zur Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialforschung), S. 7-96
Abstract: Aus sozialgerontologischer Perspektive wird eine Einführung in zentrale Problemfelder des gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit Alter und Altern gegeben. Ausgehend von demographischen Befunden zur alternden Gesellschaft wird das Alter zunächst als soziokulturelles Konstrukt dargestellt. Anschließend werden theoretische Modelle der Sozialgerontologie erläutert: normative Alternstheorien (Defizitmodell, Disengagement-Theorie, Aktivitätstheorie), Theorien differentiellen Alterns (entwicklungspsychologische Sicht, lebenslaufbezogene Perspektive), gerontologiekritische Theorien (feministische Perspektive, sozialkonstruktivistische Sicht, kritische Theorie). Lebenslagen alter Meschen in der Gegenwart werden dann im Hinblick auf die materiellen Ressourcen, Wohnverhältnisse und auf das Altern von Migranten betrachtet. Abschließend werden mit der Zukunft der Alterssicherung, der Pflege- und Hilfebedürftigkeit und den Generationenverhältnissen und -beziehungen ausgewählte Folgeprobleme diskutiert.
Keywords: Alter, Gerontologie -
(1999): Optimising conditions for learning sociocultural competencies for success. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 23 (1), S. 77-90. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-1767(98)00026-1
Abstract: Culturally different recent immigrants and sojourners lack familiarity with the social values, roles, and rules governing interpersonal relationships and this may hinder the attainment of their goals for career and educational success in the new country despite their qualifications and dedication. This paper identifies a number of psychosocial barriers to developing social competence in a different culture, including lack of coaching and practice opportunities, cross-cultural interpersonal anxiety, threat to the newcomers' original cultural identity, and various personal factors. the paper further discusses how integrating instructional implications from established models of operant and classical conditioning, and social cognitive learning in a role-based group training program, and address these potential psychosocial barriers and provide optimal conditions for learning intercultural social skills. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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(1999): Designing believable interaction by applying social conventions. In: Applied Artificial Intelligence 13 (3), S. 297-320. DOI: 10.1080/088395199117432
Abstract: One of the goals of the research al en of believable agents is to incorporate those capabilities that can make interaction with agents realistic and believable. We argue that it is necessary to consider social conventions in designing believable interaction; they are mechanisms used by conversation partners to coordinate behavior and communication. As a starting point, we began by identifying essential social conventions that are used to coordinate interaction in the physical world. We performed an empirical study to investigate how these conventions are used by people in virtual environments when they interact; we were interested to see which conventions were used naturally and how they influenced behavior. In our results, we report how these conventions were used to regulate behavior in virtual environments. We present design recommendations for how these results can be applied to guide the design of believable interaction.
Keywords: Design, Designing by applying social conventions, Disziplin, Favoriten, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Konventionen, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(1999): Communicating agents: Gesture and natural language interaction. In: Kognit. Wiss. 8 (3), S. 129-136. DOI: 10.1007/s001970050082
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001970050082 Abstract: SummaryAn important scientific method within cognitive science consists in the synthesis of cognitive abilities, of forms of behavior by developing specific artificial agents. Many current approaches make use of the notion of an agent in order to develop concepts of cognitive behavior on different levels of abstraction. Basic properties of agents are: reactivity, autonomy, goal directed activity, and communication. This contribution examines the communicative aspect, i.e. the interaction by gesture or language and their integration, e.g. in identifying referents. Since we conceive communicating agents as systems able to synthesize such interactions as well as their integration, this will be illustrated with respect to two artificial systems. The GRAVIS system detects objects as well as pointing gestures of an instructor, and the camera agent is able to focus on specific objects. The CoRA system processes situated natural language instructions, and the simulated robot agent is able to integrate the use of language, perception and action. Finally we propose an integration of both approaches.
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(1999): Variables that affect job satisfaction in home health nurses. In: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 59 (8-B)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure the variables related to job satisfaction and home healthcare nurses. Specifically, this study was designed to determine how satisfied the home healthcare nurse is at the current agency for which he or she is employed. This study attempted to determine which variables produce job satisfaction and which produce job dissatisfaction. The following research hypotheses were tested in this study. The first hypothesis is that seven factors comprise job satisfaction and these factors emerge in factor analysis: safety, autonomy, interaction, compensation, task requirements, professional status, organizational policies. The second hypothesis is that items measuring job satisfaction factors display acceptable internal consistency. The third hypothesis is social demographic variables relate to job satisfaction of home health services. The sample consisted of 150 home health nurses in the greater Houston and surrounding areas. The sample was a convenience sample from registered nurses (RN) and licensed vocational nurses (LVN) currently working at home health agencies. A 46-item Job Attitude Scale (JAS) was proposed in seven hypothesized factors. The seven factors were compensation, safety, autonomy, task requirement, organizational policies, professional status, and interaction. The construct validity of the original seven factor JAS was tested through factor analysis with principal component extraction. After factor analysis testing, the seven factor JAS was reduced to a proposed 3 factor scale which included: Job Compensation (10 items), Work Decorum (10 items), and Ancillary Function (10 items). Therefore, the first hypothesis was rejected. Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated for each of the retained factors. The analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of.86,.85 and.84 for the factors 'Job Compensation', 'Work Decorum', and 'Ancillary Function', respectively. The current scale reveals internal consistency and this is a solid and reliable scale. Therefore, the second hypothesis was accepted. The third hypothesis was tested by using the following measurement techniques: correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and ANOVA. No significant mean factor score differences were found between age and educational background. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Arbeits - und Organisationspsychologie, autonomy, compensation & safety & autonomy & task requirement & organizational policies & professional status & interaction & social demographic variables, Compensation (Defense Mechanism), decorum, Demographic Characteristics, Gesundheit, home health nurses, Interpersonal Interaction, Job Satisfaction, Occupational Status, Policy Making, safety -
(1999): Are People Polite to Computers?. Responses to Computer-Based Interviewing Systems1. In: Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29 (5), S. 1093-1109. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00142.x
Abstract: The present sturlies were designed to test whether people are "polite" to computers. Among people, an interviewer who directly asks about him- or herselfwill receive more positive and less varied responses than ifthe same question is posed by a third party. Two sturlies were designed to determine if the same phenomenon occurs in human--computer interaction. In the first study (N = 30), participants performed a task with a text-based computer and were then interviewed about the performance ofthat computer on I of 3 loci: (a) the same computer, (b) a paper-and-pencil questionnaire, or (c) a different (but identical) text-based computer. Consistent with the politeness prediction, same-computer participants evaluated the computer more positively and more homogeneously than did either paper-and-pencil or different-computer participants. Study 2 (N = 30) replicated the results with voice-based computers. lmplications for computer-based interviewing are dis- cussed.
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(1999) : Altern und soziale Beziehungen In: Lenz, Karl: Die alternde Gesellschaft: Problemfelder gesellschaftlichen Umgangs mit Altern und Alter: Weinheim: Juventa (Dresdner Studien zur Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialforschung), S. 97-119
Abstract: Es wird im Überblick über den sozialwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand zu sozialen Beziehungen im Alter informiert. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf positiven sozialen Beziehungen. Im einzelnen werden die folgenden Aspekte erörtert: (1) mögliche Zugänge zu sozialen Beziehungen im Alter, (2) soziale Netzwerke alter Menschen, (3) die Bedeutung von Netzwerken und Unterstützung für Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit alter Menschen (alltägliche Hilfe im Alter, soziale Beziehungen als Stresspuffer im Alter, soziale Beziehungen als Basis von gesundheitsförderlicher Gemeinschaft und Geselligkeit).
Keywords: Alter, Gerontologie -
(1999): A cognitive approach to intercultural communication based on schema theory. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 23 (5), S. 753-777. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-1767(99)00019-X
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(1999) : Moralische Integration In: Friedrichs, Jürgen: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie: Soziale Integration: Wiesbaden; Opladen [u.a.]: Springer VS, Westdt. Verl. (Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : Sonderheft), S. 293-319
Abstract: Unter Heranziehung vorliegender Untersuchungsbefunde wird gezeigt, dass moralische Integration in modernen Gesellschaften nicht nur möglich, sondern auch wirklich ist. Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen des Moralverständnisses von Kindern und Daten aus der Umfrageforschung belegen einen weit geteilten Konsens über die Gültigkeit grundlegender moralischer Regeln und Normen. Dies steht im scharfen Kontrast zur öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und zu wissenschaftlichen Diagnosen eines moralischen Verfalls. Mehrere Erklärungen für diesen Widerspruch werden diskutiert (unterschiedliche Konzeptualisierungen von Moral, der soziohistorische Wandel im Moralverständnis, die Aufmerksamkeitsfokussierung auf moralische Dilemmata und die Fehldeutung der Grauzone eines legitimen moralischen Diskurses als Anzeichen eines totalen Relativismus, mögliche Diskrepanzen zwischen Urteil und Handeln). Anschließend werden einige innerweltliche Mechanismen der sozialen Reproduktion von moralischem Wissen und moralischer Motivation dargestellt. Abschließend wird die mikrosoziologische Analyse mit der makrosoziologischen Fragestellung verknüpft und die These begründet, dass Moral eine notwendige Ressource für die Funktionsfähigkeit demokratischer Gesellschaften ist. zitiert von: 28
Keywords: democracy, Ethics, Moral, Gesellschaft, Moral Development, Integrity, Morality, Social Values, society, Sozialpsychologie, Soziologie