Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Improving Medical Decision Making and Health Promotion through Culture-Sensitive Health Communication. An Agenda for Science and Practice. In: Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 36 (7), S. 811-833. DOI: 10.1177/0272989X15600434
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296619 Abstract: This review introduces the concept of culture-sensitive health communication. The basic premise is that congruency between the recipient's cultural characteristics and the respective message will increase the communication's effectiveness. Culture-sensitive health communication is therefore defined as the deliberate and evidence-informed adaptation of health communication to the recipients' cultural background in order to increase knowledge and improve preparation for medical decision making and to enhance the persuasiveness of messages in health promotion. To achieve effective health communication in varying cultural contexts, an empirically and theoretically based understanding of culture will be indispensable. We therefore define culture, discuss which evolutionary and structural factors contribute to the development of cultural diversity, and examine how differences are conceptualized as scientific constructs in current models of cultural differences. In addition, we will explicate the implications of cultural differences for psychological theorizing, because common constructs of health behavior theories and decision making, such as attitudes or risk perception, are subject to cultural variation. In terms of communication, we will review both communication strategies and channels that are used to disseminate health messages, and we will discuss the implications of cultural differences for their effectiveness. Finally, we propose an agenda both for science and for practice to advance and apply the evidence base for culture-sensitive health communication. This calls for more interdisciplinary research between science and practice but also between scientific disciplines and between basic and applied research.
Keywords: Clinical Decision-Making, Communication, Cultural Competency, culture sensitive, Disziplin, Health Behavior, Health Promotion/standards, Humans, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Medizin, Models, Psychological, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Risk-Taking, Social Norms 2015
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(2015): Communicating eating-related rules. Suggestions are more effective than restrictions. In: Appetite 86, S. 45-53
Abstract: Compared restrictive and suggested eating-related rules intended to curb unhealthy eating behavior to assess their effects on food consumption. Both restrictive and suggested rules were expected to be equally successful initially, but a restrictive rule was predicted to have negative after-effects once it was no longer in place. The role of reactance in the expected behavioral differences was empirically tested. Participants were exposed to M&M's while completing a creativity task. Consumption was either explicitly forbidden (restrictive rule) or mildly discouraged (suggested rule). In the control condition, participants were either explicitly allowed to consume M&M's or were not provided M&M's at all. Measures of psychological reactance were assessed following completion of the task. Participants then took part in a taste test in which they were allowed to freely consume M&M's. Results showed that both types of rules were equally successful initially in curbing unhealthy eating behavior during the creativity task. However, when allowed to eat freely, participants in the restrictive-rule group consumed more M&M's in the taste test and reported higher levels of psychological reactance than the suggested-rule participants or control group participants, supporting expectations that restrictive rules result in a negative after-effect. Both communication forms are considered initially successful in reducing unhealthy eating behavior, but a suggestive rule appears to be a more successful way to communicate healthy habits that remain in effect even after the rule is no longer in place. zitiert von 13
2014
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(2014): A room with a viewpoint revisited. Descriptive norms and hotel guests' towel reuse behavior. In: PLoS one 9 (8). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104086
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084348 Abstract: Field experiments on descriptive norms as a means to increase hotel guests' towel reuse [1] were replicated and extended. In two hotels in Germany (Study 1: N = 724; Study 2: N = 204), descriptive norm messages suggesting that 75% of guests had reused their towels, or a standard message appealing to environmental concerns, were placed in guests' bathrooms. Descriptive norm messages varied in terms of proximity of the reference group ("hotel guests" vs. "guests in this room") and temporal proximity (currently vs. two years previous). Reuse of towels was unobtrusively recorded. Results showed that reuse rates were high overall and that both standard and descriptive norm messages increased reuse rates compared to a no-message baseline. However, descriptive norm messages were not more effective than the standard message, and effects of proximity were inconsistent across studies. Discussion addresses cultural and conceptual issues in comparing the present findings with previous ones.
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(2014): Examining gender differences in received, provided, and invisible social control. An application of the dual-effects model. In: Anxiety, stress, and coping 27 (6), S. 678-694. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.892585
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517507 Abstract: The dual-effects model of social control not only assumes that social control leads to better health practices but also arouses psychological distress. However, findings are inconsistent. The present study advances the current literature by examining social control from a dyadic perspective in the context of smoking. In addition, the study examines whether control, continuous smoking abstinence, and affect are differentially related for men and women. Before and three weeks after a self-set quit attempt, we examined 106 smokers (77 men, mean age: 40.67, average number of cigarettes smoked per day: 16.59 [SD=8.52, range=1-40] at baseline and 5.27 [SD=6.97, range=0-40] at follow-up) and their nonsmoking heterosexual partners, assessing received and provided control, continuous abstinence, and affect. With regard to smoker's affective reactions, partner's provided control was related to an increase in positive and to a decrease in negative affect, but only for female smokers. Moreover, the greater the discrepancy between smoker received and partner's provided control was the more positive affect increased and the more negative affect decreased, but again only for female smokers. These findings demonstrate that female smokers' well-being was raised over time if they were not aware of the control attempts of their nonsmoking partners, indicating positive effects of invisible social control. This study's results emphasize the importance of applying a dyadic perspective and taking gender differences in the dual-effects model of social control into account. zitiert von 7
Keywords: Adult, Affect, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheit, Health Behavior, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Sex Factors, Sexual Partners/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Smoking/psychology, social control, Social Control, Informal/methods, Switzerland, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult 2007
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(2007): Aufbau eines körperlich-aktiven Lebensstils. Kapitel: Körperliche Aktivität und die Macht der Gewohnheit. Göttingen [u.a.]: Hogrefe (Sportpsychologie)
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von Gewohnheiten im Rahmen von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten und eines körperlich-aktiven Lebensstils wird erörtert. Dabei wird auf folgende Fragen eingegangen: (1) Was sind Gewohnheiten? (2) Welche Rolle spielen das intentionale und das habituelle System bei der Verhaltenssteuerung? (3) Wie entwickeln sich Gewohnheiten? (4) Wie lassen sich Gewohnheiten verändern bzw. neu aufbauen? (5) Warum sind Gewohnheiten so stark? (6) Wie sind Gewohnheiten im Gedächtnis abgespeichert? Es wird besonders hervorgehoben, dass Gewohnheiten das Verhalten automatisch in die Richtung lenken, die auch in der Vergangenheit erfolgreich eingeschlagen wurde, und dass die Macht der Gewohnheit ganz wesentlich auf die Macht der Situation über das Verhalten zurückzuführen ist. zitiert von 13
1994
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(1994) : Social support, social control, and health among the elderly In: Penny, Gillian N.; Bennett, Paul; Herbert, Mike (Hg.): Health psychology. A lifespan perspective.: Harwood, S. 191-211
Abstract: Examines how social support and social control processes affect patterns of illness and disability in later life. Epidemiological evidence is presented which shows that social integration generally results in longer life expectancy. It is argued that social relationships provide emotional support as well as constraints to behavior, effectively reducing the incidence of chronic health problems by decreasing the likelihood that unhealthy behaviors will be initiated in response to stressful circumstances. Similarly, social support and control help encourage compliance with prescribed medical treatment and daily self-care activities after the onset of chronic conditions, enabling the elderly individual to manage disability in later life. Suggestions for future research, with particular emphasis on the interaction between social support and social control processes, are also presented. zitiert von 36
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