Alle Publikationen
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2014
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(2014): Don't do it again! Directed forgetting of habits. In: Psychological science 25 (6), S. 1242-1248. DOI: 10.1177/0956797614526063
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714574 Abstract: Most daily routines are determined by habits. However, the experienced ease and automaticity of habit formation and execution come at a cost when habits that are no longer appropriate must be overcome. So far, proactive and reactive control strategies that prevent inappropriate habit execution either by preparation or "on the fly" have been identified. Here, we present evidence for a third, retroactive control strategy. In two experiments using the list method of directed forgetting, the accessibility of newly learned and practiced stimulus-response rules was significantly reduced when participants were cued to forget the rules rather than to remember them. The results thus show that directed forgetting, so far observed and investigated only for episodic memory traces, can also be applied to habits. The findings further emphasize the adaptive value of forgetting and can be taken as evidence of a retroactive strategy of habit control. zitiert von 12
2012
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(2012): Social dominance orientation. Revisiting the structure and function of a variable predicting social and political attitudes. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 38 (5), S. 583-606. DOI: 10.1177/0146167211432765
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215697 Abstract: Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2012.38:583-606
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, European Continental Ancestry Group, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, hierarchy-enhancing and -attenuating social policy, Humans, Israel, Jews, legitimizing ideologies, Male, Models, Psychological, ORIENTATION, Politics, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychological Theory, Reproducibility of Results, SDO, SDO-Dominance, SDO-Egalitarianism, Social Class, Social Domiance Orientation (SDO), Social Dominance, social dominance orientation, Social Identification, Socioeconomic Factors, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Young Adult 2011
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(2011): Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion. In: The Journal of applied psychology 96 (6), S. 1337-1346. DOI: 10.1037/a0022884
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480687 Abstract: Surface acting and deep acting with customers are strategies for service performance, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and mixed. We propose that deep acting is an effective strategy for most employees, whereas surface acting's effect on performance effectiveness depends on employee extraversion. In Study 1, restaurant servers who tended to use deep acting exceeded their customers' expectations and had greater financial gains (i.e., tips) regardless of extraversion, whereas surface acting improved tips only for extraverts, not for introverts. In Study 2, a call center simulation, deep acting improved emotional performance and increased the likelihood of extrarole service behavior beyond the direct and interactive effects of extraversion and other Big Five traits. In contrast, surface acting reduced emotional performance for introverts and not extraverts, but only during the extrarole interaction. We discuss implications for incorporating traits into emotional labor research and practice.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Authentizität von dargestellter Emotion, Business Studies, dominance, Emotions/classification, Extraversion (Psychology), Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Pennsylvania, Personality/classification, Professional Competence, Psychologie, Social Behavior, Students/psychology, Work/psycholohy, Young Adult -
(2011): Service without a smile. Comparing the consequences of neutral and positive display rules. In: The Journal of applied psychology 96 (2), S. 350-362. DOI: 10.1037/a0021880
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21171731 Abstract: We used an experimental design to examine the intrapersonal and interpersonal processes through which neutral display rules, compared to positive display rules, influence objective task performance of poll workers and ratings provided by survey respondents of the poll workers. Student participants (N = 140) were trained to adhere to 1 of the 2 display rule conditions while delivering opinion surveys to potential patrons of an organization during a 40-min period. Results showed that, compared to positive display rules, neutral display rules resulted in less task persistence and greater avoidance behavior. These effects were mediated through a greater use of expression suppression. In addition, neutral display rules resulted in less positive respondent mood, which accounted for lower ratings of service quality and of overall favorability attitudes toward the sponsoring organization. The importance and ubiquity of neutral display rules are discussed, given the potential for positive and negative consequences at work.
Keywords: Adult, Affect/physiology, Attitude, Business Studies, dominance, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Lächeln, Male, Nonverbale Kommunikation, Psychologie, Smiling/physiology/psychology, Sozialpsychologie, Students/psychology, Task Performance and Analysis, Work/psychology, Young Adult 2009
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(2009): Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior. The interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 97 (1), S. 123-141. DOI: 10.1037/a0015406
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19586244 Abstract: This article proposes and tests a social-cognitive framework for examining the joint influence of situational factors and the centrality of moral identity on moral intentions and behaviors. The authors hypothesized that if a situational factor increases the current accessibility of moral identity within the working self-concept, then it strengthens the motivation to act morally. In contrast, if a situational factor decreases the current accessibility of moral identity, then it weakens the motivation to act morally. The authors also expected the influence of situational factors to vary depending on the extent to which moral identity was central to a person's overall self-conception. Hypotheses derived from the framework were tested in 4 studies. The studies used recalling and reading a list of the Ten Commandments (Study 1), writing a story using morally laden terms (Study 4), and the presence of performance-based financial incentives (Studies 2 and 3) as situational factors. Participants' willingness to initiate a cause-related marketing program (Study 1), lie to a job candidate during a salary negotiation (Studies 2 and 3), and contribute to a public good (Study 4) were examined. Results provide strong support for the proposed framework. zitiert von: 551
Keywords: Adolescent, Cues, Culture, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Individuality, Intention, Internal-External Control, Male, Moral, Morals, Motivation, Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, psychometrics, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Perception, Sozialpsychologie, Students/psychology, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult 2008
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(2008): Becoming friends by chance. In: Psychological science 19 (5), S. 439-440. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02106.x
2006
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(2006): Social norms and the likelihood of raping. Perceived rape myth acceptance of others affects men's rape proclivity. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 32 (3), S. 286-297. DOI: 10.1177/0146167205280912
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16455857 Abstract: Research showing that rape myth acceptance (RMA) causally affects rape proclivity (RP) was extended by examining the impact of RMA-related norms on RP. Male students (total N = 264) received feedback about the alleged responses of other students to RMA items either before (Experiment 1) or after (Experiment 2) they reported their own RMA, and then their RP was assessed using acquaintance-rape scenarios. The level of RMA feedback was varied. Results showed that higher norms led to higher RP. In Experiment 1, this effect was mediated via self-reported RMA. Experiment 2 yielded main effects of both RMA feedback and self-reported RMA and an interaction effect showing that RMA feedback was particularly influential at higher levels of own RMA. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
2004
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(2004): Bad but bold. Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 86 (5), S. 713-728. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15161396 Abstract: A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance. zitiert von 387
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Australasia, Beneficence, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Data Collection, Europe, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hostility, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Latin America, Male, Middle East, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, Predictive Value of Tests, PREJUDICE, Sex Factors, Sexism, Sozialpsychologie, Stereotyping, Students/psychology, Verhaltensforschung
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