Alle Publikationen
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2008
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(2008): Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience. Narrative, metaphor and mechanism. In: Culture, medicine and psychiatry 32 (1), S. 31-64. DOI: 10.1007/s11013-007-9077-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18213511 Abstract: Approaches to trance and possession in anthropology have tended to use outmoded models drawn from psychodynamic theory or treated such dissociative phenomena as purely discursive processes of attributing action and experience to agencies other than the self. Within psychology and psychiatry, understanding of dissociative disorders has been hindered by polemical "either/or" arguments: either dissociative disorders are real, spontaneous alterations in brain states that reflect basic neurobiological phenomena, or they are imaginary, socially constructed role performances dictated by interpersonal expectations, power dynamics and cultural scripts. In this paper, we outline an approach to dissociative phenomena, including trance, possession and spiritual and healing practices, that integrates the neuropsychological notions of underlying mechanism with sociocultural processes of the narrative construction and social presentation of the self. This integrative model, grounded in a cultural neuroscience, can advance ethnographic studies of dissociation and inform clinical approaches to dissociation through careful consideration of the impact of social context.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Brain/physiopathology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Culture, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology, Female, Humans, Konstruktion des Selbst, Magic, Mental Healing, metaphor, Narration, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Religion and Psychology, Social Conformity, Witchcraft 2002
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(2002): Love-Hate for Man-Machine Metaphors in Soviet Physiology. From Pavlov to “Physiological Cybernetics”. In: Science in Context 15 (02), S. 339-374. DOI: 10.1017/S0269889702000479
Abstract: This article reinterprets the debate between orthodox followers of the Pavlovian reflex theory and Soviet "cybernetic physiologists" in the 1950s and 60s as a clash of opposing man-machine metaphors. While both sides accused each other of "mechanistic," reductionist methodology, they did not see anything "mechanistic" about their own central metaphors: the telephone switchboard metaphor for nervous activity (the Pavlovians), and the analogies between the human body and a servomechanism and between the human brain and a computer (the cyberneticians). I argue that the scientific utility of machine analogies was closely intertwined with their philosophical and political meanings and that new interpretations of these metaphors emerged as a result of political conflicts and a realignment of forces within the scientific community and in society at large. I suggest that the constant travel of man-machine analogies back and forth between physiology and technology has blurred the traditional categories of the "mechanistic" and the "organic" in Soviet neurophysiology, as perhaps in the history of physiology in general.
Keywords: American Cybernetics, Cold War, cybernetic physiologists, History and Philosophy of Science, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, machine analogy, man-machine, mechanistic vs. organic, mechanistisches Weltbild, Mechanizismus, Mensch und Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Metapher, metaphor, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Pavlov, Reflexionen über MTR, technische Metaphern 1992
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(1992) : Über die Schwierigkeiten der Psychologie mit dem Gegenstand "Kultur": Kultur und Kulturentwicklung als vernachlässigte Gegenstandsbereiche der Psychologie In: Allesch, Christian G.: Psychologische Aspekte des kulturellen Wandels: Wien: VWGÖ, S. 31-41
Abstract: Im Rahmen theoriegeschichtlicher Überlegungen wird gezeigt, dass Kultur und Kulturentwicklung in der psychologischen Forschung vernachlässigte Gegenstände sind. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, Hinweise darauf zu finden, wo die spezifischen Schwierigkeiten der Psychologie im Umgang mit der Kultur liegen. Ein möglicher Ausweg aus diesen Schwierigkeiten wird in der Weiterentwicklung der theoretischen Ansätze von A. Lang, E. Bösch und W. Salber gesehen, die durch eine integrative Sicht des Verhältnisses von Kultur und Subjekt sowie durch die Betonung der Schlüsselrolle von Metaphern im Rahmen der kulturpsychologischen Theorieentwicklung gekennzeichnet sind. Zukünftige Perspektiven der Kulturpsychologie werden abschließend aufgezeigt. zitiert von 2
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