Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Neural substrates of embodied natural beauty and social endowed beauty. An fMRI study. In: Scientific reports 7 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07608-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769082 Abstract: What are the neural mechanisms underlying beauty based on objective parameters and beauty based on subjective social construction? This study scanned participants with fMRI while they performed aesthetic judgments on concrete pictographs and abstract oracle bone scripts. Behavioral results showed both pictographs and oracle bone scripts were judged to be more beautiful when they referred to beautiful objects and positive social meanings, respectively. Imaging results revealed regions associated with perceptual, cognitive, emotional and reward processing were commonly activated both in beautiful judgments of pictographs and oracle bone scripts. Moreover, stronger activations of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and motor-related areas were found in beautiful judgments of pictographs, whereas beautiful judgments of oracle bone scripts were associated with putamen activity, implying stronger aesthetic experience and embodied approaching for beauty were elicited by the pictographs. In contrast, only visual processing areas were activated in the judgments of ugly pictographs and negative oracle bone scripts. Results provide evidence that the sense of beauty is triggered by two processes: one based on the objective parameters of stimuli (embodied natural beauty) and the other based on the subjective social construction (social endowed beauty).
Keywords: ACTIVATION, APPRAISAL, ATTRACTIVENESS, Attraktivität, beauty, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), BRAIN, CORTEX, Disziplin, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, FACES, interdisziplinär, Kulturtheorie, LATERALIZATION, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, PAINTINGS, Psychologie, schönheit, Schönheit/Attraktivität, script, social endowered beauty, sozial konstruiert, soziale Konstruktion, SYMMETRY, VISUAL AESTHETIC PERCEPTION 2015
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(2015): "Our" food versus "my" food. Investigating the relation between childhood shared food practices and adult prosocial behavior in Belgium. In: Appetite 84, S. 54-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.022
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265154 Abstract: This study focuses on the connection between prosocial behavior, defined as acting in ways that benefit others, and shared meals, defined as meals that consist of food(s) shared with others. In contrast to individual meals, where consumers eat their own food and perhaps take a sample of someone else's dish as a taste, shared meals are essentially about sharing all the food with all individuals. Consequently, these meals create situations where consumers are confronted with issues of fairness and respect. One should not be greedy and consume most of a dish; instead, rules of polite food sharing need to be obeyed. It is therefore proposed that those who have often engaged in shared meals during childhood will have a more prosocial personality, as compared to those who less often took part in shared meals during childhood. To test this hypothesis, data about frequency of shared meals during childhood and altruistic personality in early adulthood were collected using a cross-sectional survey in Belgium (n = 487). Results confirm that higher levels of shared meal consumption correspond to higher scores on the self-report altruism scale among students.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Altruism, Belgium, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Eating, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, Fairness, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Meals, Nahrungswissenschaft?, Personality, Self Report, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vergangenheit / Erziehung, Young Adult 2014
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(2014): Cross-cultural differences in processing of architectural ranking. Evidence from an event-related potential study. In: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 5 (1), S. 45-53
Abstract: Visual object identification is modulated by perceptual experience. In a cross-cultural ERP study we investigated whether cultural expertise determines how buildings that vary in their ranking between high and low according to the Western architectural decorum are perceived. Two groups of German and Chinese participants performed an object classification task in which high- and low-ranking Western buildings had to be discriminated from everyday life objects. ERP results indicate that an early stage of visual object identification (i.e., object model selection) is facilitated for high-ranking buildings for the German participants, only. At a later stage of object identification, in which object knowledge is complemented by information from semantic and episodic long-term memory, no ERP evidence for cultural differences was obtained. These results suggest that the identification of architectural ranking is modulated by culturally specific expertise with Western-style architecture already at an early processing stage.
2012
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(2012): “Cars have their own faces”. Cross-cultural ratings of car shapes in biological (stereotypical) terms. In: Evolution and Human Behavior 33 (2), S. 109-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.06.003
Abstract: It was recently shown that Austrians associate car front geometry with traits in a way that could be related to face shape geometry mapping to those same overall suites of traits. Yet, possible confounding effects of familiarity with the car models, media coverage and entertainment could not be ruled out. In order to address this, the current study uses a cross-cultural comparison. Adult subjects in two countries (Austria and Ethiopia, n=129) were asked to rate person characteristics of 46 standardized front views of automobiles on various trait scales. These two countries differ substantially with regard to their experience with car models and brands, as well as car marketing and media coverage. Geometric morphometrics was then used to assess the shape information underlying trait attribution. Car shapes for perceived maturity, maleness and dominance were highly similar in both countries, with patterns comparable to shape changes during facial growth in humans: Relative sizes of the forehead and windshield decrease with age/growth, eyes and headlights both become more slit-like, noses and grilles bigger, lips and air-intakes are wider. Austrian participants further attributed various degrees of some interpersonal attitudes and emotions, whereas neither Austrians nor Ethiopians congruently ascribed personalities. Morphological correlates of personal characteristics are discussed, as are person perception and its overgeneralization to inanimate objects. Cross-cultural similarities and differences are addressed, as well as implications for car styling, follow-up studies on driving and pedestrian behavior, and fundamental dimensions in inference from (human) faces.
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