Alle Publikationen
2015
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(2015): Shrieking Sirens - Schemata Scripts and Social Norms. How Change Occurs. In: PPE Working Paper
Abstract: This paper investigates the causal relationships among scripts, schemata, and social norms. The authors examine how social norms are triggered by particular schemata and are grounded in scripts. Just as schemata are embedded in a network, so too are social norms, and they can be primed through spreading activation. Moreover, the expectations that allow a social norm‘s existence are inherently grounded in particular scripts and schemata. Using interventions that have targeted gender norms, open defecation, female genital cutting, and other collective issues as examples, the authors argue that ignoring the cognitive underpinnings of a social norm doom interventions to failure.
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(2015): Respected Students Equal Better Students: Investigating the Links between Respect and Performance in Schools. In: Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 5 (1), S. 74-86. DOI: 10.5539/jedp.v5n1p74
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v5n1p74 Abstract: This study examines the relationship between students’ (N = 334) perceived teacher respect and their performance on a math exam in school settings. The incremental validity of respect on performance beyond that accounted for by intelligence is assessed. Results suggest that respect accounts for significant additional variability in students’ performance above that accounted for by intelligence. Further analyses reveal that the relationship between respect and performance is moderated by immigration. For German students (N = 150), perceived respect accounts for a part of the variability in performance over the variability accounted for by intelligence. For students with an immigrant background (N = 181) this relationship is not significant. Cultural implications of respect in school settings are discussed.
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(2015): That’s not my place. The interacting effects of faultlines, subgroup size, and social competence on social loafing behaviour in work groups. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 25 (1), S. 31-49. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2014.996554
Abstract: Taking a social relations approach to team diversity, the authors propose that faultlines - hypothetical dividing lines that split a team into relatively homogeneous subgroups - impact the team members' propensity to exhibit social loafing behaviour. They further propose that this individual-level reaction to the faultline structure of the team can differ among team members, depending on the size of their subgroup and on their individual social competence. These assumptions were tested in a sample of real teams working on an intellective task during which social loafing behavior was video-coded. In partial support of the hypotheses, generalized mixed models revealed that social loafing behavior was most common for team members who were part of a team with strong faultlines, who belonged to the larger subgroup in their team, and who exhibited low levels of social competence. These results highlight the benefits of taking a multilevel approach to the effects of faultlines. zitiert von 29
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(2015): People judge male sexism more leniently when women emasculate men (PSYNDEXshort). In: Social Psychology 46 (4), S. 197-209
Abstract: While overt sexism has become less acceptable in recent years, sexism frequently goes unchallenged by observers for a variety of reasons. In the present investigation, we propose that people may excuse men's sexist remarks when the remarks follow a manhood threat caused by a woman. In Study 1, we found that a man's sexist remark buffered against the emasculating effect of a threat to his masculinity from an ex-girlfriend. In Study 2, we further show that observers excuse a man's sexist remark following a competitive loss to a woman to the extent that they perceive him as less manly as a result. We replicate this finding in Study 3 while ruling out two competing explanations. We discuss the implication that sexism prevention efforts need to identify and address gender-related contexts where sexism is excused in order for efforts to move toward its prevention.
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Misselhorn, Catrin (2015): Collective Agency and Cooperation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Explanation, Implementation and Simulation. 1st ed. 2015. New York; London: Springer. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1059245
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1059245 Abstract: This book brings together philosophical approaches to cooperation and collective agency with research into human-machine interaction and cooperation from engineering, robotics, computer science and AI. Bringing these so far largely unrelated fields of study together leads to a better understanding of collective agency in natural and artificial systems and will help to improve the design and performance of hybrid systems involving human and artificial agents. Modeling collective agency with the help of computer simulations promises also philosophical insights into the emergence of collective agency. The volume consists of four sections. The first section is dedicated to the concept of agency. The second section of the book turns to human-machine cooperation. The focus of the third section is the transition from cooperation to collective agency. The last section concerns the explanatory value of social simulations of collective agency in the broader framework of cultural evolution
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(2015): Karmic Cascades. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 19 (1), S. 69-91. DOI: 10.5840/techne20154228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/techne20154228 Abstract: The content ranking system of reddit.com, the English language Internet’s most popular social news website, plays a large but often unnoticed role in shaping what users see and how they think. By pairing informational cascade theory with textual analysis, I argue that the “karma” system elevates particular forms of content over others and generates numerical cues that unconsciously guide users’ judgments about said content and about the world. By drawing on Heidegger’s account of modern technology, I argue that the karma system both symptomatizes and engenders an ontological perspective according to which things in general are taken as available, evaluable, and disposable.
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(2015): Agency, accountability and evaluations of impoliteness. In: Journal of Politeness Research 11 (2), S. 207-238. DOI: 10.1515/pr-2015-0009
Abstract: It is now well recognized that the recipients' evaluations need to be given serious consideration when theorizing impoliteness. Yet despite the importance placed on evaluations by recipients, the role of the recipient in interaction has been reduced through theorizing within the field to the ascribing of (perceived) intentions or interpreting of (perceived) social norms and expectations. We suggest, in this paper, that this under-theorizes the role of the recipient vis-a-vis evaluations of impoliteness. Building on an account of (im)politeness as social practice (Haugh 2013b, 2015; Kadar and Haugh 2013), we argue that evaluations of impoliteness inevitably involve those recipients construing the speaker's action as a particular kind of social action, and holding them accountable for that particular kind of social action with respect to particular dimension(s) of the moral order (Haugh 2013a, 2015). The accountability of social action is underpinned, in part, by the presumed agency of participants. Agency involves the socially mediated capacity to act that is afforded through 1. knowing one has the ability to act, 2. knowing that these actions may affect others (and self), and 3. knowing that one will thus be held accountable for those actions (Ahearn 2001; Duranti 2004; Mitchell forthcoming). We argue that a focus on agency in theorizing impoliteness allows for the ways in which recipients do not just simply invoke social norms or (in some cases at least) perceived speaker intentions in evaluating talk or conduct as impolite, but may also exercise their own agency in construing the speaker's actions as a particular kind of action, and thus as offensive or not. It is concluded that the agency exercised by recipients with respect to the degree to which they hold speakers accountable for impolite or offensive stances needs to be examined more carefully in theorizing about (im) politeness more generally.
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(2015): The overlapping relationship between emotion perception and theory of mind. In: Neuropsychologia 70, S. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.018 Abstract: Socio-cognitive skills are crucial for successful interpersonal interactions. Two particularly important socio-cognitive processes are emotion perception (EP) and theory of mind (ToM), but agreement is lacking on terminology and conceptual links between these constructs. Here we seek to clarify the relationship between the two at multiple levels, from concept to neuroanatomy. EP is often regarded as a low-level perceptual process necessary to decode affective cues, while ToM is usually seen as a higher-level cognitive process involving mental state deduction. In information processing models, EP tends to precede ToM. At the neuroanatomical level, lesion study data suggest that EP and ToM are both right-hemisphere based, but there is also evidence that ToM requires temporal-cingulate networks, whereas EP requires partially separable regions linked to distinct emotions. Common regions identified in fMRI studies of EP and ToM have included medial prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe areas, but differences emerge depending on the perceptual, cognitive and emotional demands of the EP and ToM tasks. For the future, clarity of definition of EP and ToM will be paramount to produce distinct task manipulations and inform models of socio-cognitive processing.
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(2015): Angewandte Umweltpsychologie: Drei Interviews mit Psychologen aus dem Arbeitsbereich Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle. In: Umweltpsychologie 19 (2)
Abstract: Der Anwendungsbereich "Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle" (MMS) wird durch Interviews mit zwei Psychologinnen und einem Psychologen vorgestellt. Berichtet wird über ihren beruflichen Werdegang, ihre aktuellen Projekte, die eingesetzten Methoden und über die Herausforderungen, die technischen Umwelten so zu gestalten, dass Menschen möglichst einfach, angenehm und effektiv mit ihnen interagieren können. Es werden unter anderem die Gestaltung von Internetportalen, Mobilität und Fahrassistenzsysteme und die Möglichkeiten der Energieeinsparungen bei U-Bahnen besprochen. Fragen nach der beruflichen Identität sowie nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des kollegialen Austauschs runden die Gespräche ab.
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(2015): Die Möglichkeit der Normen. Über eine Praxis jenseits von Moralität und Kausalität. 1. Aufl.. Berlin: Suhrkamp. Online verfügbar unter http://www.content-select.com/index.php?id=bib_view&ean=9783518738870
Abstract: Wenn wir von Normen sprechen, denken wir zumeist an Vorschriften, die unser Leben regeln - die uns sagen, was wir tun sollen oder was wir nicht tun dürfen. Normen, so könnte man meinen, verlangen stets bestimmte Handlungen oder Unterlassungen und erfordern eine moralische Rechtfertigung. Aber stimmt das überhaupt? Lässt sich damit das Gemeinsame all jener sozialen Praktiken, die wir als normativ bezeichnen möchten, erfassen? Christoph Möllers bestreitet das und behauptet, dass unser Umgang mit Normen an falschen Erwartungen leidet. Wir überfordern, so seine These, die Praxis des Normativen mit moralischen Ansprüchen und mit Hoffnungen auf Wirksamkeit. Beides verfehlt sie, denn die meisten Normen, denen wir begegnen, sind weder moralisch überzeugend gerechtfertigt, noch haben sie eindeutige Wirkungen. Dies ist kein Zufall, ja, es ist noch nicht einmal ein Problem, denn Normen erfüllen einen anderen Zweck: Indem sie eine bestimmte Möglichkeit des Weltverlaufs kennzeichnen und mit einer Bewertung versehen, erlauben sie es uns, inmitten einer Praxis zu ebendieser Praxis auf Abstand zu gehen und Alternativen zu ihr gegenwärtig zu halten. Dies funktioniert aber nur, wenn Normen eine distanzierende Spannung zur Welt aufbauen und auf Dauer stellen können. Ihre eigene Übertretung zuzulassen, so ein Ergebnis dieses Buches, ist deshalb nicht die geringste Aufgabe von Normen. Christoph Möllers, geboren 1969, lehrt Öffentliches Recht und Rechtsphilosophie an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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(2015): Systematic Theoretical Approach to the Explanation of The Social Reality. Philosophical or Sociological Methodology?
Abstract: Studying the relation of sociology and philosophy, the authors distinguish between two different types of philosophy: scientific philosophy that studies the world and man's place in it and evaluative philosophy that seeks meaning of human existence in the world. The authors examine different interpretations of sociology, stopping at one of them, which studies the social life as a system, it's integrity and historical types of existence (Momdzhyan K.Kh).The article discusses the validity of the proposed current interpretations of two key concepts - the "social" and "society" (Krzhevov VS.). Special attention is paid to describe characteristic obstacles to a potential constructive dialog between sociological and philosophical communities (Podvoyskiy D.G.). Some prospects of systemic philosophy of sciences (in framework of the sociology of knowledge) are considered in their consequences for the philosophical theory of truth (Antonovskiy A.Yu). Some resources of the theory of social systems (especially the concepts of double contingency and self descriptions) are drawn as an interdisciplinary methodology of analyze of culture and multiculturalism (Barash R.E.).
Keywords: communication theory, Disziplin, Interaktion, Kultur, multiculturalism, Philosophie, social systems, Social Theory, social theory of science, society, sociology of knowledge, Soziale Systeme, Soziologie, Soziologie und Philosophie, systemic approach, Systemischer Ansatz, valuation philosophy -
(2015): Empathy and pedagogical professional tactful actions – an inclusive pedagogical domain of knowledge. In: Bildung und Erziehung 68 (1), S. 41-60. DOI: 10.7788/bue-2015-0106
Abstract: Auf der Basis interdisziplinärer Studien und wissenschaftlicher Definitionen zur Empathie wird ihre Bedeutung für die Erziehungswissenschaft und die pädagogische Praxis herausgearbeitet. Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Konzepten der Empathie und des pädagogischen Taktgefühls werden aufgezeigt. Auf die Bedeutung von Empathie in der Lehrer-Schüler Interaktion wird eingegangen und die Möglichkeiten des Trainings der Empathiefähigkeit im Rahmen der Lehrerausbildung werden diskutiert. Abschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit Empathie als ein nicht-diskursives Wissen betrachtet werden kann.
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(2015): In-your-face politics. The consequences of uncivil media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1512/2014956135-d.html
Abstract: "Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media."--Dust jacket flap "'In-your-face' politics refers to both the level of incivility and the up-close and personal way that we experience political conflict on television. ... Mutz finds that incivility is particularly detrimental to facilitating respect for oppositional political viewpoints and to citizens' levels of trust in politicians and the political process. On the positive side, incivility and close-up camera perspectives contribute to making politics more physiologically arousing and entertaining to viewers. This encourages more attention to political programs, stimulates recall of the content, and encourages people to relay content to others."--From publisher description Americans are disgusted with watching politicians screaming and yelling at one another on television. But does all the noise really make a difference? Drawing on numerous studies, Diana Mutz provides the first comprehensive look at the consequences of in-your-face politics. Her book contradicts the conventional wisdom by documenting both the benefits and the drawbacks of in-your-face media Includes bibliographical reference and index
Keywords: Ekel, Fehlverhalten, Fernsehen, Fernsehsendung, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Mass media, Medien, Meinungsbildung, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlichkeit, Political aspects, Politik, Politikwissenschaft, Politische Kommunikation, Politische Meinungsbildung, Politische Methode, Realtechnik, Skandalisierung und Arousal, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik, Television in politics, USA -
(2015): On having very long arms. How the availability of technological means affects moral cognition. In: Thinking & Reasoning 22 (2), S. 184-208. DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2015.1114023
Abstract: Modern technological means allow for meaningful interaction across arbitrary distances, while human morality evolved in environments in which individuals needed to be spatially close in order to interact. The authors investigate how people integrate knowledge about modern technology with their ancestral moral dispositions to help relieve nearby suffering. The first study establishes that spatial proximity between an agent's means of helping and the victims increases people's judgment of helping obligations, even if the agent is constantly far personally. Next, they report on and meta-analyze 20 experiments elucidating the cognitive mechanisms behind this effect, which include inferences of increased efficaciousness and personal involvement. Implications of the findings for the scientific understanding of ancestral moral dispositions in modern environments are discussed, as well as suggestions for how these insights might be exploited to increase charitable giving. It is concluded that the meta-analysis provides a practical example for how aggregating across all available data, including failed replication attempts, allows conclusions that could not be supported in single experiments.
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(2015): The Power to Oblige. Power, Gender, Negotiation Behaviors, and Their Consequences. In: Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 8 (1), S. 1-24. DOI: 10.1111/ncmr.12045
Abstract: This study experimentally examined how power and gender affect negotiation behaviors and how those behaviors affect negotiated outcomes. One hundred and forty‐six dyads, in four combinations of power and gender, negotiated compensation agreements. In line with gender stereotypes, male negotiators were more dominating and females more obliging and somewhat more compromising. However, partially challenging the common association of power and masculinity, high‐power negotiators were less dominating and more collaborating, obliging and avoiding than their low‐power opponents. Generally, feminine and high‐power behaviors induced agreement while masculine and low‐power behaviors enhanced distributive personal gain. The study also assessed patterns of behavioral reciprocity and used sophisticated analytic tools to control for dyadic interdependence. Therefore it helps to elucidate the negotiation process and the role that power and its interplay with gender play in it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 21
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(2015): Decorum and Desire. Dance in Renaissance Europe and the Maturation of a Discipline. In: RENAISSANCE QUARTERLY 68 (2), S. 597-612
Abstract: Dance in early modern Europe was actively enganged in by all levels of society. Thus research into past practices has implications for many areas of historical inquiry: music, theater, festivals, visual arts, costume, gesture, literature, garden design, political processes, and intellectual movements, as well as questions of identity, oder and moral virtue.
Keywords: decorum, Geschichte, Kulturelle/soziale Rituale, Renaissance, Soziale Ordnung, Tanz, Werte -
(2015) : Social context perception for mobile robots In: Burgard, Wolfram: 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Sept. 28, 2015 - Oct. 2, 2015, Hamburg, Germany: 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Hamburg, Germany: 9/28/2015 - 10/2/2015. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems; Iros: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 3621-3627
Abstract: As robots enter human spaces, unique perception challenges are emerging. Sensing human activity, adapting to highly dynamic environments, and acting coherently and contingently is challenging when robots transition from structured environments to human-centric ones. We approach this problem by employing context-based perception, a biologically-inspired, low-cost approach to sensing that leverages noisy, global features. Across several months, our mobile robot collected real-world, multimodal data from multi-use locations; where the same space might be used for many different activities. We then ran a series of unimodal and multimodal classification experiments. We successfully classified several aspects of situational context from noisy data, and, to our knowledge are the first group to do so. This work represents an important step toward enabling robots that can readily leverage context to solve perceptual tasks.
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(2015) : Emotionally expressive robot behavior improves human-robot collaboration: 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Aug. 31, 2015 - Sept. 4, 2015, Kobe, Japan: 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Kobe, Japan: 8/31/2015 - 9/4/2015. Annual IEEE Computer Conference; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 7-12
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(2015): Towards artificial emotions to assist social coordination in HRI. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 7 (1), S. 77-88. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0254-y
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-42938-001&site=ehost-live Abstract: Coordination of human–robot joint activity must depend on the ability of human and artificial agencies to interpret and interleave their actions. In this paper we consider the potential of artificial emotions to serve as task-relevant coordination devices in human–robot teams. We present two studies aiming to understand whether a non-humanoid robot can express artificial emotions in a manner that is meaningful to a human observer, the first based on static images and the second on the dynamic production of embodied robot expressions. We present a mixed-methods approach to the problem, combining statistical treatment of ratings data and thematic analysis of qualitative data. Our results demonstrate that even very simple movements of a non-humanoid robot can convey emotional meaning, and that when people attribute emotional states to a robot, they typically apply an event-based frame to make sense of the robotic expressions they have seen. Artificial emotions with high arousal level and negative valence are relatively easy for people to recognise compared to expressions with positive valence. We discuss the potential for using motion in different parts of a non-humanoid robot body to support the attribution of emotion in HRI, towards ethically responsible design of artificial emotions that could contribute to the efficacy of joint human–robot activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: emotion & robotics, Social robotic -
(2015): Explicit but not implicit sexist beliefs predict benevolent and hostile sexist behavior. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 45 (6), S. 702-715. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2128
Abstract: Investigated how different benevolent (i.e. paternalistic) and hostile sexist behaviors correlate with implicit and explicit sexist attitudes. In Study 1, with 126 male participants (mean age 24 years), two implicit association tests for benevolent sexism and hostile sexism (BS-IAT and HS-IAT) were developed and validated, and intercorrelations between implicit and explicit attitudes were examined. Explicit benevolent and hostile sexist attitudes were assessed with the Skala zur Erfassung des ambivalenten Sexismus (ASS, German translation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, ASI). Results show that implicit and explicit benevolent sexist beliefs, as well as implicit and explicit hostile sexist beliefs, were positively correlated. Study 2 tested whether implicit and explicit benevolent and hostile sexist attitudes correlate with benevolent and hostile sexist behaviors (such as gender-stereotyped task assignment or recommending sexist jokes, respectively) in a subgroup of 83 participants from Study 1 (mean age 24 years). Results show that, as expected, explicit benevolent (but not hostile) sexist attitudes predicted benevolent sexist behavior, whereas explicit hostile (but not benevolent) sexist attitudes predicted hostile sexist behavior. Implicit sexist attitudes did not predict sexist behavior. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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(2015): The manner of contention. In: Philosophy & Social Criticism 41 (4-5), S. 453-463. DOI: 10.1177/0191453715568924
Abstract: This article is based on an ethnographic investigation of the Gezi Park events in 2013. Starting from the much acknowledged characteristics of Gezi as being its cultural and political pluralism and its commitment to non-violence, in this article we are engaging with two interlinked questions: How has the plurality of participants and orientations been possible to attain, and how could this pluralism be contained without any major conflict at Gezi? We propose to provide an answer by focusing on the manners of everyday life at Gezi Park during the time of dissidence, which we conceptualize as manner of contention'. It was the manner of contention that characterized the specific ways in which contentious politics took place at Gezi and prevented the formation of clashes among the plurality of contenders. The ethnographic research delineates at least 4 components of manner of contention in the case of Gezi: an ethos of collective work; a spirit of exchange and gift-giving; politeness; and non-violence.
Keywords: time -
(2015): Self-esteem, narcissism, and stressful life events. Testing for selection and socialization. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 109 (4), S. 707-721
Abstract: Examined whether self-esteem and narcissism predict the occurrence of stressful life events (i.e., selection) and whether stressful life events predict change in self-esteem and narcissism (i.e., socialization). The analyses were based on longitudinal data from 2 studies, including samples of 328 young adults (Study 1) and 371 adults (Study 2). The effects of self-esteem and narcissism were mutually controlled for each other and, moreover, controlled for effects of depression. After conducting the study-level analyses, the findings were meta-analytically aggregated. Self-esteem had a selection effect, suggesting that low self-esteem led to the occurrence of stressful life events; however, this effect became nonsignificant when depression was controlled for. Regardless of whether depression was controlled for or not, narcissism had a selection effect, suggesting that high narcissism led to the occurrence of stressful life events. Moreover, stressful life events had a socialization effect on self-esteem, but not on narcissism, suggesting that the occurrence of stressful life events decreased self-esteem. Analyses of trait-state models indicated that narcissism consisted almost exclusively of perfectly stable trait variance, providing a possible explanation for the absence of socialization effects on narcissism. The findings have significant implications because they suggest that a person's level of narcissism influences whether stressful life events occur, and that self-esteem is shaped by the occurrence of stressful life events. Moreover, the possibility that depression mediates the selection effect of low self-esteem on stressful life events is discussed. zitiert von 31
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(2015): Ontological Assumptions in Techno-Anthropological Explorations of Online Dialogue through Information Systems. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 19 (2), S. 125-142. DOI: 10.5840/techne201571031
Abstract: With the widespread infusion of online technology there has been an increase in various studies investigating the practices in online communities including also philosophical perspectives. What those debates have in common is that they call for more critical thinking about the theory of online communication. Drawing on Techno-Anthropological research perspectives, our interest is placed on exploring and identifying human interactions and technology in intersectional spaces. This article explores information systems that allow for interchanges of different users. We discuss ontological assumptions that focus on understanding the kind of dialogue that can be captured between different expert groups when they utilize information systems. We present the notion of ‘dialogic’ by Mikhail Bakhtin and contextualize it through an analysis of online dialogue. Dialogic or ‘conversation and inquiry’ is discussed as being mediated through human relationships. Acknowledging the existence of at least two voices the underlying differences between dialogue partners are highlighted.
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(2015): Designing Robot Embodiments for Social Interaction. Affordances Topple Realism and Aesthetics. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (5), S. 697-708. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0301-3
Abstract: In the near future, human-like social robots will become indispensable for providing support in various social tasks, in particular for healthcare (e.g., assistance, coaching). The perception of realism, in particular human-like features, can help facilitate mediated social interaction. The current study investigated the effects of form realism on engagement with and use intentions of social robot embodiments. We have defined (perceived) form realism as the result of the appraisal of features that are perceived as realistic contrasted with those appraised as unrealistic. To test the effects of form realism, we applied the model of interactively perceiving and experiencing fictional characters (I-PEFiC). I-PEFiC explains how users respond to interactive, fictional, humanoid characters, on social robots. In a within-subjects design, participants (N = 29; M-age = 28.8 years, age range 18-56 years) interacted with three different robots built from LEGO Mindstorms, which differed in their degree of designed form realism. Each robot presented itself as a physiotherapy assistant and requested the participant to do several exercises. Results of a structured questionnaire indicated that form realism only played a modest role in the perception of electro-mechanical robots. Instead, the perception of affordances appeared to be crucial for determining engagement and intentions to use social robots.
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(2015): Reconsidering Respect for Persons in a Globalizing World. In: Developing world bioethics 15 (2), S. 98-106. DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12045
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24720355 Abstract: Contemporary clinical ethics was founded on principlism, and the four principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, remain dominant in medical ethics discourse and practice. These principles are held to be expansive enough to provide the basis for the ethical practice of medicine across cultures. Although principlism remains subject to critique and revision, the four-principle model continues to be taught and applied across the world. As the practice of medicine globalizes, it remains critical to examine the extent to which both the four-principle framework, and individual principles among the four, suffice patients and practitioners in different social and cultural contexts. Using the four-principle model we analyze two accounts of surrogate decision making - one from the developed and one from the developing world - in which the clinician undertakes medical decision-making with apparently little input from the patient and/or family. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight challenges in assessing ethical behaviour according to the principlist model. We next describe cultural expectations and mores that inform both patient and clinician behaviors in these scenarios in order to argue that the principle of respect for persons informed by culture-specific ideas of personhood may offer an improved ethical construct for analyzing and guiding medical practice in a globalized and plural world.
Keywords: Beneficence, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Clinical Decision-Making/ethics, Cultural Characteristics, culture specific, Decision Making, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Ethical Analysis, Ethics, Medical, Family/ethnology/psychology, Humans, Internationality, Interviews as Topic, Islam, kulturspezifisch, Medizin, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pakistan, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Physician-Patient Relations/ethics, Principle-Based Ethics, respect, Respekt, Transcultural Nursing, United States