Alle Publikationen
2018
-
(2018) : Moral coherence processes and denial of moral complexity. In: Gray, Kurt James; Graham, Jesse (Hg.): Atlas of moral psychology: What do we evaluate when we evaluate moral character? - Helzer, Erik G.; Critcher, Clayton R.: New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Abstract: How do people deal with a morally complex and contradictory world? Moral judgment is an intuitive phenomenon, best understood as a process of implicit meaning making that often results in the denial of moral complexity and the shaping of descriptive beliefs to be consistent with prescriptive intuitions. Scholars have long recognized individuals’ tendency to mold seemingly contradictory information about their social world into a coherent whole. Moral judgment, we suggest, is no different, and in this chapter we explore how a desire for moral coherence can lead to the denial of moral complexity and encourage people to shape their descriptive understanding of the world to fit their prescriptive understanding of it. Moreover, we argue that people’s tendency to conflate moral and practical good plays a crucial role in exacerbating political conflict by leading individuals and groups with differing moral values to hold differing factual beliefs as well. (PsycINFO Database Record ( c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
-
Dorn, Christopher; Tacke, Veronika (Hg.) (2018): Vergleich und Leistung in der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden: Springer VS
Abstract: Die moderne Gesellschaft übertrifft hinsichtlich ihrer ausgeprägten Leistungs- und Vergleichsorientierung alle ihre Vorläufer. Dabei ist jedoch zu prüfen, ob dies gleichermaßen für alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche gilt, welche Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten sich beobachten lassen. Die Beiträge des Bandes beschreiben Leistungsvergleiche bzw. Verhältnisse von Leistung und Vergleich in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen und beleuchten es zugleich an ausgewählten sozialen Strukturbildungen wie Staaten, Organisationen oder Professionen. Gefragt wird neben den jeweiligen Funktionen und Folgen auch nach Brüchen, Konflikten und Grenzen der leistungsbezogenen Vergleichslogik. Der Inhalt · Ausdifferenzierung und Funktionen von Vergleichen · Steuerung und Kontrolle durch Leistungsvergleiche · Einschränkungen und Grenzen Die Zielgruppe Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen und Sozialwissenschaftler Der Autor und die Autorin Dipl.-Soz. Christopher Dorn ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Lehrgebiet Soziologie III, Organisationssoziologie und qualitative Methoden, an der FernUniversität in Hagen. Dr. Veronika Tacke ist Professorin für Organisationssoziologie an der Universität Bielefeld
-
Gray, Kurt James; Graham, Jesse (Hg.) (2018): Atlas of moral psychology. What do we evaluate when we evaluate moral character? - Helzer, Erik G.; Critcher, Clayton R.. New York, NY: The Guilford Press
Abstract: What do people evaluate when they assess another person’s moral character? In this chapter, we define moral character in novel social cognitive terms and offer empirical support for the idea that the central qualities of moral character are those deemed essential for social relationships. We approach this chapter from the theoretical standpoint that the centrality of character evaluation is due to its function in social life. Evaluation of character is, we think, inherently a judgment about a person’s qualifications for being a solid long-term social investment. That is, people attempt to suss out moral character because they want to know whether a particular agent is the type of person who likely possesses the necessary (even if not sufficient) qualities they expect in a social relationship. In developing these ideas theoretically and empirically, we consider what form moral character takes, discuss what this proposal suggests about how people may and do assess other s’ mor al character, and identify an assortment of qualities that our perspective predicts will be central to moral character evaluation. In developing these ideas theoretically and empirically, we consider what form moral character takes, discuss what this proposal suggests about how people may and do assess others’ moral character, and identify an assortment of qualities that our perspective predicts will be central to moral character evaluation. We begin by putting forward a new idea of what we think moral character means, rooted in a social-cognitive view of the person as a moral being. We introduce the idea that a person’s moral character takes the form of moral cognitive machinery—essentially a processor that accepts inputs that, if the processor functions well, should output morally relevant judgments and behavior. We next take on the question of content: What are the more specific characteristics of a person with good moral character? That is, instead of considering t he abstr act form that moral character may take, we ask what qualities define moral character. In this section, we present several forms of preliminary evidence suggesting that moral qualities are those that describe necessary conditions of social investment. In so doing, we engage with two questions. First, we consider how our perspective is compatible with both moral pluralism and moral universalism— how moral codes may show variety and consistency across cultural contexts. Second, we consider in what circumstances people should be more or less likely to assume that others’ character is more or less upstanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 3 "This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 57 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind"-- "Description: This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 56 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind. Key Words: altruism, badness, beliefs, convictions, ethical behavior, evil, evolutionary psychology, free will, goodness, human behavior, immorality, justice, moral character, moral emotions, moral judgments, moral philosophy, moral psychology, moral reasoning, personality, social cognition, social norms, social psychology, values"--
Keywords: Moral, Morality, Peer Evaluation, Personality Traits, Social Cognition, social sciences, Sonstiges -
(2018): Toward Socially Aware Person-Following Robots. In: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 10 (4), S. 936-954. DOI: 10.1109/TCDS.2018.2825641
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2018.2825641 Abstract: Significant research and development has been invested in technical issues related to person following. However, a systematic approach for designing robotic person-following behavior that maintains appropriate social conventions across contexts has not yet been developed. To understand why this may be the case, an in-depth literature review of 221 articles on person-following robots was performed, from which 107 are referenced. From these papers, six relevant topics were identified that shed light on the types of social interactions that have been studied in person-following scenarios: 1) applications; 2) robotic systems; 3) environments; 4) following strategies; 5) human-robot communication; and 6) evaluation methods. Gaps in the existing research on person-following robots were identified, mainly in addressing social interaction and user needs, noting that only 25 articles reported proper user studies. Human-related, robot-related, task-related, and environment-related factors that are likely to influence people’s spatial preferences and expectations of a robot’s person-following behavior are then discussed. To guide the design of socially aware person following robots, a user-needs layered design framework that combines the four factor categories is proposed. The framework provides a systematic way to incorporate social considerations in the design of person-following robots. Finally, framework limitations and future challenges in the field are presented and discussed.
Keywords: Accompanying robot, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), environment-related factors, human-related factors, human-robot interaction, Human–robot interaction (HRI), ieee xplore, Legged locomotion, Mobile robots, Navigation, person-following, Proxemics, Robot sensing systems, robotic person-following behavior, robot-related factors, service robot, social interaction, Social interactions, Social robotic, social sciences, socially aware person-following robots, Task Analysis, task-related factors, user needs 2017
-
(2017): Identität. Über die Entstehung des Gedankens, dass der Mensch ein Individuum ist, den nicht leicht zu verwirklichenden Anspruch auf Individualität und Kompetenzen, Identität in einer riskanten Moderne zu finden und zu wahren. 3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Wiesbaden: Springer VS
Abstract: Individualität, Kampf um Aufmerksamkeit, Mode und Lebensstil -- Identität, sich mit den Augen der Anderen sehen, Außenleitung, dramatische Auftritte im Alltag und der Zwang der Verhältnisse -- Krise der Lebenswelt und der Identität in der Moderne, Kompetenzen, bewegliches Denken und Mut Das Lehrbuch stellt im ersten Teil die gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Bedingungen dar, dass der Mensch sich bewusst wurde, ein Individuum zu sein, und es liefert soziologische Erklärungen, wie er seine Individualität zum Ausdruck bringt. Im zweiten Teil wird die Frage nach der Identität in der fortgeschrittenen Moderne nach folgenden Unterfragen behandelt: Wie sind wir geworden, was wir sind? Welcher Kompetenzen bedarf es, um eine Balance zwischen unseren individuellen Ansprüchen und sozialen Erwartungen zu finden? Für die dritte Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert. Um die Lektüre zu erleichtern, wurde gleich am Anfang ein neues Kapitel „Überblick und Zusammenfassung“ eingefügt. Der zweite Teil des Lehrbuches wurde neu gegliedert und um ein Kapitel „Autonomie des Subjekts in und gegen Rollen, Ich-Identität“ erweitert. Der Inhalt • Individualität, Kampf um Aufmerksamkeit, Mode und Lebensstil • Identität, sich mit den Augen der Anderen sehen, Außenleitung, dramatische Auftritte im Alltag und der Zwang der Verhältnisse • Krise der Lebenswelt und der Identität in der Moderne, Kompetenzen, bewegliches Denken und Mut Die Zielgruppen • Studierende der Soziologie, der Pädagogik, der Psychologie und der Sozialarbeit • Studierende aus Studiengängen für das Lehramt und für erziehende Berufe • Alle, die schon immer an Antworten auf die oben genannten Fragen interessiert waren Der Autor Dr. Dr. Heinz Abels, em. Univ.-Professor am Institut für Soziologie an der FernUniversität in Hagen
-
(2017): The social turn in moral psychology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035569.001.0001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035569.001.0001 Abstract: The Social Turn in Moral Psychology is a probing inquiry into the disconnect between moral philosophy and empirical approaches to ethics. Drawing on a refreshing range of examples— including student protest movements, racial oppression, education policy, and life expectancy outcomes—Fedyk offers a promising strategy for bringing normative theory into alignment with the social sciences. Fedyk argues that moral psychology should take a social turn, investigating the psychological processes that motivate patterns of social behavior defined as ethical using normative information extracted from the social sciences. He points out methodological problems in conventional moral psychology, particularly the increasing methodological and conceptual inconsilience with both philosophical ethics and evolutionary biology. Fedyk's 'causal theory of ethics' is designed to provide moral psychology with an ethical theory that can be used without creating tension between its scientific p ractice and the conceptual vocabulary of philosophical ethics. His account aims both to redirect moral psychology toward more socially realistic questions about human life and lo introduce philosophers to a new form of ethical naturalism—a way of thinking about how to use different fields of scientific research to answer some of the traditional questions that are at the heart of ethics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: causal theory of ethics, Ethics, Moral, Morality, Philosophies, social sciences, Sonstiges -
(2017): Sociality and Normativity for Robots. Philosophical Inquiries into Human-Robot Interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4867905
Abstract: This volume offers eleven philosophical investigations into our futurerelations with social robots--robots that are specially designed to engage andconnect with human beings.The contributors present cutting edge research thatexamines whether, and on which terms, robots can become members ofhuman societies. Can our relations to robots be said to be 'social'?Can robots enter into normative relationships with human beings? Howwill human social relations change when we interact with robots atwork and at home?The authors of this volume explore these questions from theperspective of philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, androbotics. The first three chapters offer a taxonomy for the classificationof simulated social interactions, investigate whether human socialinteractions with robots can be genuine, and discuss the significanceof social relations for the formation of human individuality.Subsequent chapters clarify whether robots could be said to actuallyfollow social norms, whether they could live up to the socialmeaning of care in caregiving professions, and how we will need toprogram robots so that they can negotiate the conventions of humansocial space and collaborate with humans. Can we perform jointactions with robots, where both sides need to honour commitments, andhow will such new commitments and practices change our regionalcultures?The authors connect research in social robotics andempirical studies in Human-Robot Interaction to recent debates insocial ontology, social cognition, as well as ethics and philosophy oftechnology.The book is a response to the challenge that social robotics presentsfor our traditional conceptions of social interaction, whichpresuppose such essential capacities as consciousness, intentionality,agency, and normative understanding. The authors develop insightfulanswers along new interdisciplinarypathways in 'robophilosophy,' a new research area that will help us toshape the 'robot revolution,' the distinctive technological change ofthe beginning 21st century. Raul Hakli (PhD) studied philosophy and computer science at theUniversity of Helsinki, Finland. He received his PhD in theoreticalphilosophy in 2010. While editing the book he was Associate Professorat the Aarhus University, Denmark. Currently he works as a researcherat the University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests includesocial ontology, collective intentionality, epistemology, philosophyof social robotics, and philosophy of the social sciences. Johanna Seibt (PhD. at the Univ of Pittsburg, USA; Dr. phil. habil. atthe Univ of Konstanz, Germany) is Professor for Applied ProcessOntology and Integrative Social Robotics, Aarhus University, Denmark;previously she taught at the Univ of Texas at Austin, USA. Her mainresearch area is in analytical ontology and metaphysics. More recentlyshe works also in philosophy of social robotics. She is head of theResearch Unit for Robophilosophy at the School for Culture and Society, Aarhus University, which conducts interdisciplinaryHumanities research of and in social robotics and coordinates theinternational Research Network for Transdisciplinary Studies in SocialRobotics (TRANSOR).
2016
-
(2016): Sozialisation. Über die Vermittlung von Gesellschaft und Individuum und die Bedingungen von Identität. 2. Aufl. 2016. Wiesbaden: Springer VS (Studientexte zur Soziologie)
Abstract: Wie ist soziale Ordnung möglich und wie kommt sie zustande? -- Wie erfolgt die Vermittlung von Gesellschaft und Individuum? -- Wie werden wir, was wir sind, und wie gewinnen wir Identität? -- Welcher Kompetenzen bedarf es, um uns in den Interaktionen des Alltags zu behaupten? Sozialisation ist eine Antwort auf die soziologische Grundfrage nach der Vermittlung von Gesellschaft und Individuum. Die drei Fragen, wie wir werden, was wir sind, wie wir durch unser Denken und Handeln gesellschaftliche Ordnung reproduzieren, aber auch gestalten, und wie wir unsere Identität in der Interaktion mit Anderen herstellen und wahren, standen schon am Anfang der Soziologie. Sie sind in der fortgeschrittenen Moderne noch drängender geworden. Das Lehrbuch stellt die breite soziologische Diskussion von ihren Anfängen bis in die allerjüngste Zeit vor. Für die zweite Auflage wurden alle Kapitel überarbeitet und aktualisiert und die theoretische Diskussion erheblich erweitert. Der Inhalt Wie ist soziale Ordnung möglich und wie kommt sie zustande? Wie erfolgt die Vermittlung von Gesellschaft und Individuum? Wie werden wir, was wir sind, und wie gewinnen wir Identität? Welcher Kompetenzen bedarf es, um uns in den Interaktionen des Alltags zu behaupten? Die Zielgruppen Studierende der Soziologie, der Pädagogik, der Psychologie und der Sozialarbeit Studierende aus Studiengängen für das Lehramt und für erziehende Berufe Alle, die schon immer an Antworten auf die oben genannten Fragen interessiert waren Die Autoren Dr. Dr. Heinz Abels, em. Univ.-Prof. am Institut für Soziologie der FernUniversität in Hagen. Dr. Alexandra König, Akademische Rätin in der Fachgruppe Soziologie der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal
-
(2016): Spieltheorie. Einführung, Beispiele, Experimente. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag
Abstract: Die Spieltheorie befasst sich mit dem strategischen Handeln von Personen, Firmen, Staaten oder anderen Akteuren. Das Buch behandelt die grundlegenden Konzepte anhand von Beispielen aus Politik, Soziologie und Ökonomie. Dabei kommen nicht nur Theorien und Modelle zur Sprache, sondern auch die Ergebenisse einfallsreicher Experimente, mit denen das tatsächliche Verhalten von Personen in Konfliktsituationen erforscht wird. In zehn Kapiteln, angefangen mit dem «Nash-Gleichgewicht» bis hin zur «Experimentellen Spieltheorie», werden die wichtigsten Elemente dieses faszinierenden Bereichs vorgestellt und an zahlreichen Beispielen veranschaulicht. Ein kleines Lexikon der Begriffe beschließt den Band.
-
(2016): Explanatory Unification. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 31 (4), S. 488-506. DOI: 10.1177/004839310103100402
Abstract: Explanatory unification-the urge to "explain much by little"-serves as an ideal of theorizing not only in natural sciences but also in the social sciences, most notably in economics. The ideal is occasionally challenged by appealing to the complexity and diversity of social systems and processes in space and time. This article proposes to accommodate such doubts by making a distinction between two kinds of unification and suggesting that while such doubts may be justified in regard to mere derivational unification (which serves as a formal constraint on theories), it is less justified in the case of ontological unification (which is a result of factual discovery of the actual degree of underlying unity in the world).
-
(2016): Klassiker der Sozialwissenschaften. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
2015
-
(2015): Deconstructing Ethnography. Towards a Social Methodology for Ubiquitous Computing and Interactive Systems Design. Cham: Springer (Human-Computer Interaction Series). Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1081941
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=1081941 Abstract: In Deconstructing Ethnography the authors show how ‘new’ calls are returning systems design to ‘old’ and problematic ways of understanding the social. They argue that systems design can be appropriately grounded in the social through the ordinary methods that members use to order their actions and interactions. This work is written for post-graduate students and researchers alike, as well as design practitioners who have an interest in bringing the social to bear on design in a systematic rather than a piecemeal way. This is not a ‘how to’ book, but instead elaborates the foundations upon which the social can be systematically built into the design of ubiquitous and interactive systems
Keywords: Application software, Computer Science, Design, Design Thinking, Design(theorie), Design-Prozess, Disziplin, Ethnomethodologie, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Intellektualtechnik, Koordination, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, social sciences, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Soziosensitive Systeme, Technik, User interfaces (Computer systems), Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Wissenschaftskritik -
(2015): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken. 12., überarb. Aufl.. Weinheim: Beltz. Online verfügbar unter http://content-select.com/index.php?id=bib_view&ean=9783407293930
Abstract: Viele Ansätze der »Qualitativen Sozialforschung« bleiben vage, unsystematisch und schwer nachvollziehbar. Die »Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse« hingegen bietet als explizit theorie- und regelgeleitete Analyse die Möglichkeit einer systematischen, strukturierten Arbeit mit unterschiedlichstem sprachlichen Material. Die überarbeitete 12. Auflage beschreibt Grundlagen und Vorgehensweise der »Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse« auf der Basis der drei Grundformen Zusammenfassung, Explikation und Strukturierung. Dr. Philipp Mayring ist Professor für psychologische Methodenlehre an der Universität Klagenfurt und leitet das Institut für Psychologie und das Zentrum für Evaluation und Forschungsberatung an der Universität Klagenfurt.
2014
-
(2014) : Personalizing robot behavior for interruption in social human-robot interaction: 2014 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts: Evanston, IL: IEEE, S. 44-49
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2014.7020978 Abstract: People engaging in an activity usually has individual tolerance to be interrupted [1], [2]. Humans subconsciously adapt their behaviors to draw other one’s attention and to get into a conversation based on their historical experiences, but robots often fail to be aware of humans’ feeling and thus interrupt their users repeatedly. To endow service robots with such socially acceptable ability, we propose an online human-aware interactive learning framework in this paper, under which the robot personalizes its behaviors according to both observed user’s attention and its conjecture about user’s awareness of itself. To this purpose, the correlation between the robot’s theory of awareness, user’s attention and robot behavior are explored through reinforcement learning techniques. The conducted experiment shows that the robot can personalize its interruption strategy, and the optimal policies converged for at least 26 episodes.
Keywords: Face, Hidden Markov models, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interrupters, interruption strategy, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Markov processes, online human-aware interactive learning framework, reinforcement learning techniques, robot behavior personalization, Robot sensing systems, robot theory of awareness, service robot, social human-robot interaction, social sciences, user attention, user awareness -
Dahms, Harry F. (2014): Mediations of social life in the 21st century. First edition. Bingle, UK: Emerald Group Publishing (Current Perspectives in Social Theory)
Keywords: Anerkennung, Critical Theory of Technology, Emerald eBook Collection, Honneth und aktuelle Kritische Theorie, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophy, recognition and subjectivity, Reflexionen über MTR, Research, Sammelband, social action, Social Change, social sciences, Sociology, Soziale Angemessenheit, Übersicht -
(2014): Kritik von Lebensformen. 1. Aufl., Orig.-Ausg. Berlin: SuhrkampKeywords: Anerkennung, Criticism (Philosophy), Disziplin, Ethik, Favoriten, Honneth und aktuelle Kritische Theorie, Kritik, Kultur- und Geisteswissenschaften / Philosophie, Lebensform, Modelle/Theorien, Moralkritik, Normen, Philosophie, Philosophische Anthropologie, Philosophy, Politik, Politische Ethik, social sciences, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Normen, Sozialphilosophie, Spielregeltheoretische Ansätze, Spielregeltheoretische Anstätze
2013
-
(2013) : It’s not polite to point Generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors towards people: 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Tokyo, Japan: IEEE, S. 267-274
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2013.6483598 Abstract: Pointing behaviors are used for referring to objects and people in everyday interactions, but the behaviors used for referring to objects are not necessarily polite or socially appropriate for referring to humans. In this study, we confirm that although people would point precisely to an object to indicate where it is, they were hesitant to do so when pointing to another person. We propose a model for generating socially-appropriate deictic behaviors in a robot. The model is based on balancing two factors: understandability and social appropriateness. In an experiment with a robot in a shopping mall, we found that the robot’s deictic behavior was perceived as more polite, more natural, and better overall when using our model, compared with a model considering understandability alone.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Data Collection, Data models, Fingers, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Indexes, intelligent robots, pointing behaviors, pointing gesture, Robots, shopping mall, social appropriateness, social robots, social sciences, socially-appropriate deictic robot behavior generation, understandability, Visualization -
(2013): Socially Aware Virtual Characters: The Social Signal of Smiles [Social Sciences]. In: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 30 (2), S. 128-132. DOI: 10.1109/MSP.2012.2230541
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2012.2230541 Abstract: At first, machines were mainly used to solve complex mathematical problems. Today, they often embody more and more roles typically endowed by humans, such as a tutor in a virtual learning class or an assistant for virtual task realization. Moreover, the paradigm highlighted in [1] reveals that the user’s relation with the computer is intrinsically social, with high similarities compared to interpersonal relationships. For instance, people have no problem using communicative means (verbal and nonverbal behavior) to interact with artificial entities and apply polite rules. One particularly interesting aspect of the human machine interaction is the bidirectionality of the relation: users exhibit social behaviors to the computer, and the machine’s behavior affects users. Reeves and Nass [1] have shown that people tend to react naturally and socially to computers, as they would do to another person. In such a human-machine interaction, which can be seen as a particular social context with users sensitive to the computer behavior, the development of socially aware virtual characters appears fundamental.
Keywords: Context awareness, Heuristic algorithms, Human Factors, human machine interaction, ieee xplore, interpersonal relationship, Künstliche Intelligenz, Machine intelligence, Man machine systems, Nonverbal behavior, smile, Social Behavior, social sciences, social sciences computing, socially aware virtual character, user interfaces, user relation, Verbal Behavior, Virtual environments, virtual learning class, Virtual reality, virtual task realization 2012
-
Törnblom, Kjell; Kazemi, Ali (Hg.) (2012): Handbook of Social Resource Theory. Resource types and fairness perceptions in social dilemmas.. New York, NY: Springer New York (Critical Issues in Social Justice)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4175-5 Abstract: The focus in this chapter is on the nature and effects of fairness perceptions and different types of resources in social dilemmas. Most recognizable under the rubrics of equity and distributive justice, theories of fairness in their many incarnations have a long history in the social sciences and have expanded into a variety of research lines. Equity theory employed the terms inputs and outcomes in simple mathematical models designed to account for interpersonal comparisons of these quantities and their impact on feelings of fairness. In the pure game-theoretic sense, there is no place for fairness issues in social dilemmas so long as all participants subscribe to the rules. However, we will argue that (I) social dilemma settings fall within the scope of distributive justice theory, (2) input and outcome patterns activate justice concerns, and (3) these concerns will result in predictable alterations of subsequent inputs with predictable consequences for the group. The s cope of these arguments will be further expanded by taking into account the kinds of resources involved. In this way, our theory will be able to explain the effects of different types of resources on the input side, and/or outcomes involving different types of resources for different members, and/or outcome resources that differ from input resources. Resource theory provides us some direction for establishing a model of resource effects on social dilemmas via fairness processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2011
-
(2011): Die Erklärung sozialen Handelns. Grundlagen und Anwendung einer integrativen Theorie. Teilw. zugl.: Mannheim, Univ., Diss., 2009. 1. Aufl.. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH Wiesbaden (Neue Bibliothek der Sozialwissenschaften)
Abstract: Die Erklärung sozialen Handelns ist eine Kernaufgabe der Sozialwissenschaften. Ausgehend von den beiden Konzepten der Definition der Situation und der variablen Rationalität der Akteure entwickelt der Autor eine Handlungstheorie, die zentrale Einsichten soziologischer, ökonomischer und sozialpsychologischer Ansätze integriert: das Modell der Frame-Selektion. Der Autor zeigt, auf welche Weise die Theorie in diversen Forschungsfeldern einsetzbar ist, und wendet sie zur Lösung zweier prominenter Rätsel des Handelns an: der Wahlteilnahme in Demokratien und der Rettung von Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg.
-
(2011): The explanation of social action. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Abstract: Conventional understanding of what it means to "explain" something in the social sciences provokes unnecessary confusion and conflict, and indeed is often based more on analysts' imaginations than actors' realities. The Explanation of Social Action lays out a sustained critique of this understanding, pointing out that the root of the problem is an attempt to counterpose two radically different types of answers to the question of why someone did a certain thing—first person responses and third person ones. John Levi Martin illustrates how this tendency is epitomized in attempts to explain human action in "causal" terms. He shows how this causality has little to do with the real world, but instead involves the creation of imaginary worlds, stemming from an intellectual history whereby social scientists began to distrust the self-understanding of actors and accepted fundamentally anti-democratic epistemologies, due to an epistemic hiatus in social knowledge and the adoption of practices in the intensely hierarchic setting of forced incarceral institutions for the insane. Martin moves on to highlight other traditions that do not assume that the cognitive schemes of actors are fundamentally arbitrary. These traditions in turn suggest that the analytic problems that now arise require attention to the nature of judgment, implying the need for an understanding of the process whereby actors intuit intersubjectively valid qualities of complex social objects. Tackling the very way in which social scientists analyze why people do things, The Explanation of Social Action is a novel and essential take on the evidence on which their explanations are based.
-
(2011): Social robotics. Third international conference, ICSR 2011, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, November 24 - 25, 2011 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence)Keywords: AAL-Technik, Affective computing, Artificial intelligence, Computer Science, Computer vision, Data processing, elderly, haptic communication, Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation, multimodal interaction, Multimodales System, Nichtverbale Kommunikation, persuasive technology, Research, Robotik, social sciences, Software engineering, Soziale Robotik, spatial dynamics
-
Schutz, Alfred; Embree, Lester E. (Hg.) (2011): Phenomenology and the social sciences. Dordrecht: Springer (Phaenomenologica)
2010
-
(2010): Explaining social behavior. More nuts and bolts for the social sciences. Reprinted.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: In this new edition of his critically acclaimed book, Jon Elster examines the nature of social behavior, proposing choice as the central concept of the social sciences. Extensively revised throughout, the book offers an overview of key explanatory mechanisms, drawing on many case studies and experiments to explore the nature of explanation in the social sciences; an analysis of the mental states - beliefs, desires, and emotions - that are precursors to action; a systematic comparison of rational-choice models of behavior with alternative accounts, and a review of mechanisms of social interaction ranging from strategic behavior to collective decision making. A wholly new chapter includes an exploration of classical moralists and Proust in charting mental mechanisms operating 'behind the back' of the agent, and a new conclusion points to the pitfalls and fallacies in current ways of doing social science, proposing guidelines for more modest and more robust procedures.
-
(2010): Social robotics. Second International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2010, Singapore, November 23 - 24, 2010 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence). Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10427815