Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Ethical values and social care robots for older people. An international qualitative study. In: Ethics and Information Technology 19 (1), S. 49-68. DOI: 10.1007/s10676-016-9413-1
Abstract: Values such as respect for autonomy, safety, enablement, independence, privacy and social connectedness should be reflected in the design of social robots. The same values should affect the process by which robots are introduced into the homes of older people to support independent living. These values may, however, be in tension. We explored what potential users thought about these values, and how the tensions between them could be resolved. With the help of partners in the ACCOMPANY project, 21 focus groups (123 participants) were convened in France, the Netherlands and the UK. These groups consisted of: (i) older people, (ii) informal carers and (iii) formal carers of older people. The participants were asked to discuss scenarios in which there is a conflict between older people and others over how a robot should be used, these conflicts reflecting tensions between values. Participants favoured compromise, persuasion and negotiation as a means of reaching agreement. Roles and related role-norms for the robot were thought relevant to resolving tensions, as were hypothetical agreements between users and robot-providers before the robot is introduced into the home. Participants' understanding of each of the values-autonomy, safety, enablement, independence, privacy and social connectedness-is reported. Participants tended to agree that autonomy often has priority over the other values, with the exception in certain cases of safety. The second part of the paper discusses how the values could be incorporated into the design of social robots and operationalised in line with the views expressed by the participants.
2013
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(2013): Design and Technologies for Understanding Older Adults Social Interactions in Retirement Communities. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 5 (4), S. 575-591. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0219-6
Abstract: Social interactions in retirement communities' shared spaces are a key component to preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people. Given the underutilization of these spaces, placing technologies to promote utilization of- and socialization in-shared spaces might improve independence and quality of life among older adults. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, development, and technology studies conducted for understanding the social interactions of older adults in retirement communities. To understand current use of shared spaces, observational studies were conducted in a retirement community. Moreover, interventions were implemented to evaluate the impact of designed technologies in shared spaces. The results motivate the need for an automated behavioral mapping surveillance system to quantify social interactions among older adults and technology interventions in retirement communities' shared common areas. This paper describes the development of a video-based analysis system for understanding social interactions among older adults in retirement communities. Specific emphasis is given to describing the automated behavioral mapping surveillance system designed to monitor the number, length, and type of interactions of older adults in retirement communities. We hypothesize that social interactions amongst older adults can be detected using video cameras and microphones strategically placed in the environment, and discuss the development of a surveillance system specifically for quantifying social interaction. This study is relevant for the field of social robotics as an example of a realistic application domain.
2011
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(2011): Assessment of awareness of connectedness as a culturally-based protective factor for Alaska native youth. In: Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology 17 (4), S. 444-455. DOI: 10.1037/a0025456
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21988583 Abstract: Research with Native Americans has identified connectedness as a culturally based protective factor against substance abuse and suicide. Connectedness refers to the interrelated welfare of the individual, one's family, one's community, and the natural environment. We developed an 18-item quantitative assessment of awareness of connectedness and tested it with 284 Alaska Native youth. Evaluation with confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory identified a 12-item subset that functions satisfactorily in a second-order four-factor model. The proposed Awareness of Connectedness Scale (ACS) displays good convergent and discriminant validity, and correlates positively with hypothesized protective factors such as reasons for living and communal mastery. The measure has utility in the study of culture-specific protective factors and as an outcomes measure for behavioral health programs with Native American youth.
Keywords: Adolescent, Alaska, Awareness, Child, "Connectedness", Culture, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Indians, North American/psychology, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Rural Population, social connectedness, Social Environment, Social Identification, Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology/prevention & control, Suicide/ethnology/prevention & control, Surveys and Questionnaires, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen / Social Interaction -
(2011): Designing to Support Social Connectedness. The Case of SnowGlobe 5, S. 129-142
Abstract: Social awareness systems aim at supporting social connectedness by providing users with subtle cues about what is happening in their social network. In developing such systems, designers are faced with many design choices that influence the way social connectedness is affected. Typically, the designs and evaluations of social awareness systems lack foundations in formal models of social connectedness. This paper first describes a conceptual model of social connectedness, which provides a guideline for the design and evaluation of a social awareness system called Snow Globe. Snow Globe is a lamp that creates interpersonal awareness of movement between people in two remote living rooms. It displays movement of a remote user by glowing brighter, and users can exchange nudges by users shaking their Snow Globes, making the remote Snow Globe blink. The user-system interactions and the effect of system use on social connectedness were evaluated in a field trial. Participants used a Snow Globe for several weeks and experienced Snow Globe as a complementary form of communication. Interviews and log-data show that participants enjoyed using Snow Globe, and that it contributed to relationship saliency and closeness as dimensions of social connectedness. Key design aspects for this effect were found to be the low-bandwidth level of communication, the ambiguity of the interaction, and the physicality of the interactions.
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