Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Implicit moral evaluations. A multinomial modeling approach. In: Cognition 158, S. 224-241. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865113 Abstract: Implicit moral evaluations-i.e., immediate, unintentional assessments of the wrongness of actions or persons-play a central role in supporting moral behavior in everyday life. Yet little research has employed methods that rigorously measure individual differences in implicit moral evaluations. In five experiments, we develop a new sequential priming measure-the Moral Categorization Task-and a multinomial model that decomposes judgment on this task into multiple component processes. These include implicit moral evaluations of moral transgression primes (Unintentional Judgment), accurate moral judgments about target actions (Intentional Judgment), and a directional tendency to judge actions as morally wrong (Response Bias). Speeded response deadlines reduced Intentional Judgment but not Unintentional Judgment (Experiment 1). Unintentional Judgment was stronger toward moral transgression primes than non-moral negative primes (Experiments 2-4). Intentional Judgment was associated with increased error-related negativity, a neurophysiological indicator of behavioral control (Experiment 4). Finally, people who voted for an anti-gay marriage amendment had stronger Unintentional Judgment toward gay marriage primes (Experiment 5). Across Experiments 1-4, implicit moral evaluations converged with moral personality: Unintentional Judgment about wrong primes, but not negative primes, was negatively associated with psychopathic tendencies and positively associated with moral identity and guilt proneness. Theoretical and practical applications of formal modeling for moral psychology are discussed.
Keywords: Adult, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Cognition/physiology, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Guilt, Humans, Individuality, Intention, Judgment/physiology, Kognitionswissenschaften, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Moral, Morals, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality, Personality Assessment, science direct, Shame, Social Perception -
(2017): Choice predicts the feedback negativity. In: Psychophysiology 54 (12), S. 1800-1811. DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12961
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752549 Abstract: Choosing the appropriate response given the circumstance is integral to all aspects of human behavior. One way of elucidating the mechanisms of choice is to relate behavior to neural correlates. Electrophysiological evidence implicates the ERP feedback-negativity (FN) and the P300 as promising neural correlates of reward processing, an integral component of learning. However, prior research has not adequately addressed how the development of a preference to select one option over another (choice preference) relates to the FN and the P300. We assessed whether variation in choice preference predicted the FN and P300 amplitude within subjects. We used a discrete-trials two-alternative choice procedure, where the reinforcer rate for each option was dependently scheduled by a concurrent variable interval. The reinforcer ratio for selecting each option was varied between sessions. Choice was quantified using both the generalized matching law sensitivity and the log odds of staying on the same versus switching to the other alternative (stay preference). The relationship between stay preference, FN, and P300 amplitudes was assessed using the innovative application of hierarchical Bayesian linear regression. The results demonstrate that stay preference was controlled by the reinforcer ratios and credibly predicted the FN amplitude but not P300 amplitude. The findings are consistent with the view that reinforcers may guide behavior by what they signal about future reinforcement, with the FN related to such a process.
2016
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(2016) : A neuro-based method for detecting context-dependent erroneous robot action: 2016 IEEE-RAS 16th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids): Cancun, Mexico: IEEE, S. 477-482
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2016.7803318 Abstract: Validating appropriateness and naturalness of human-robot interaction (HRI) is commonly performed by taking subjective measures from human interaction partners, e.g. questionnaire ratings. Although these measures can be of high value for robot designers, they are very sensitive and can be inaccurate and/or biased. In this paper we propose and validate a neuro-based method for objectively validating robot behavior in HRI. We propose to detect from the electronencephalo-gram (EEG) of a human interaction partner, the perception of inappropriate / unexpected / erroneous robot behavior. To validate this method, we conducted an EEG experiment with a simplified HRI protocol in which a humanoid robot displayed context-dependent erroneous behavior from time to time. The EEG data taken from 13 participants revealed biologically plausible error-related potentials (ErrP) whose spatio-temporal distributions match well with related neuroscientific research. We further demonstrate that perceived erroneous robot action can reliably be modeled and detected from human EEG signals with classification accuracies on avg. 69.7±9.1%. These findings confirm principal feasibility of the proposed method and suggest that EEG-based ErrP detection can be used for quantitative evaluation and thus improvement of robot behavior.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Computers, context-dependent erroneous behavior, context-dependent erroneous robot action, EEG, Electroencephalography, electronencephalogram, error-related potentials, ErrP, HRI protocol, human interaction partners, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Magnetic heads, neuro-based method, neurocontrollers, neuroscientific research, Protocols, robot behavior, robot designers, Robot sensing systems, spatio-temporal distributions -
(2016): Non-anthropomorphic robots as social entities on a neurophysiological level. In: Computers in Human Behavior 57, S. 182-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.034 Abstract: Studied the evocation of the so-called mirror neuron system (MNS) response by means of "social interaction" with a nonanthropomorphic robot. 57 adults (mean age 23 years) were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions. Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded while participants observed video clips of someone operating a malfunctioning vacuum-cleaning robot. Subjects watched the movements of the robot before and after it had been handled by its operator. In one group, the robot was humanized insofar as it was treated aggressively. In the control group, it was simply treated as an object. EEG mu activity served as an inverse indicator of MNS activity. Brain activity was also recorded at occipital electrodes. Subjects rated the operator's aggressiveness, and their associated compassion for the robot. Mu activity was moderately correlated with operator aggressiveness and subjects' compassion ratings; the more perceived aggression that the robot was subjected to, the more compassion subjects felt, and the less pronounced their mu activity was in response to the robot's "experience."
2014
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(2014): Visual mismatch negativity. A predictive coding view. In: Frontiers in human neuroscience 8
Abstract: Reviewed the theoretical underpinnings of visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) in light of methodological considerations and provided recommendations for measuring and interpreting the vMMN. An increasing number of studies have investigated the vMMN or used the vMMN as a tool to probe various aspects of human cognition. The following key issues were discussed from the experimentalist's point of view in a predictive coding framework: (1) experimental protocols and procedures to control refractoriness effects; (2) methods to control attention; and (3) vMMN and veridical perception. zitiert von 93
2011
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(2011): Processing social participation. An event-related brain potential study. In: Neuroreport 22 (9), S. 453-458. DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3283476b67
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21558970 Abstract: We examined the electrophysiological correlates of the processing of social exclusion and inclusion by using a modified version of the Cyberball paradigm. Exclusion was found to be associated with a significant increase in the P3 complex. The frontal-central P3a was primarily related to the affective processing of rejection, whereas the late parietal P3b was associated with its perceived intensity. The expression of P3a and negative mood did also depend on the earlier experience; earlier inclusion affected the processing of exclusion, and vice versa. In conclusion, our data indicate that the complex process of social rejection can be tracked by using event-related brain potentials.
1979
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(1979): Radiotelemetered activity from the amygdala during social interactions in the monkey. In: Experimental neurology 66 (1), S. 88-96
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