Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): A dyadic analysis of power in sibling and friend conflict in early childhood. In: Infant and Child Development 22. DOI: 10.1002/icd.2085
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2085 Abstract: Power processes in siblings' and friends' conflict interactions are of significance for children's development and socialization. This study conducted a comparative analysis of power behaviours (resources and effectiveness) utilized by dyadic partners in sibling and friend conflict during early childhood when focal children were aged 4. The sample consisted of 65 families and included 347 sibling conflict sequences and 326 friend conflict sequences. Data based upon naturalistic observations were coded for resources of power and power effectiveness. Patterns of findings were identified in the conflict process. Specifically, dyads used simple demands most often, followed by coercive, then elaborated information, and finally questioning power. Despite similarities, sibling dyads used coercive power and negative reward power more often than friends. Regarding power effectiveness, sibling and friend dyads were most effective using coercive power, followed by elaborated, and th en quest ioning power. These findings provide strong support for the importance of taking the dyadic relationship context into account when studying the power process in children's interactions. Highlights How does siblings' and friends' dyadic use of power resources and effectiveness differ in the process and outcome of conflict in early childhood? Data were based upon naturalistic observations of conflict, and findings provide strong support for dyadic analyses when studying the power process in siblings and friends interactions. The findings provide new and novel insights regarding children's agency in conflict, thus highlighting the contributions of children to their own socialization process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Verbal-spatial and visuospatial coding of power-space interactions. In: Consciousness and cognition, S. 151-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.05.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.05.003 Abstract: A power-space interaction, which denotes the phenomenon that people responded faster to powerful words when they are placed higher in a visual field and faster to powerless words when they are placed lower in a visual field, has been repeatedly found. The dominant explanation of this power-space interaction is that it results from a tight correspondence between the representation of power and visual space (i.e., a visuospatial coding account). In the present study, we demonstrated that the interaction between power and space could be also based on a verbal-spatial coding in absence of any vertical spatial information. Additionally, the verbal-spatial coding was dominant in driving the power-space interaction when verbal space was contrasted with the visual space.
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(2018): Supervisor-employee power distance incompatibility, gender similarity, and relationship conflict. A test of interpersonal interaction theory. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (3), S. 334-346. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000265
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000265 Abstract: According to interpersonal interaction theory, relational harmony surfaces when two individuals have compatible interaction styles. Building from this theory, we propose that supervisor-employee power distance orientation incompatibility will be related to employees' experience of higher levels of relationship conflict with their supervisors. Additionally, we propose an asymmetrical incongruence effect such that relationship conflict will be highest when supervisors are high in power distance and employees are low in power distance. Furthermore, we address calls in interpersonal interaction research for more direct attention to the social context of the dyadic interaction and explore the moderating effects of supervisor-employee gender (dis)similarity on the relationship between this incompatibility and conflict. We propose that supervisor-employee gender dissimilarity (e.g., male-female or female-male pairs) acts as a conditional moderator, neutralizing the power distance incongruence effect and the asymmetrical incongruence effect. Using 259 supervisor-employee dyads in the physical therapy industry, the hypotheses were generally supported. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the unique benefits of power distance compatibility and gender diversity in supervisor-employee dyads are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2018): Implementation via rights structures. In: Journal of Economic Theory 176, S. 479-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2018.04.009
Abstract: Implementation of socially desirable alternatives can be thought of as a way to design power distribution in a society such that the equilibrium outcomes coincide with the alternatives chosen at each preference profile. In this paper, we introduce a new institutional framework for implementation, which takes power distribution in a society as its point of departure. We use the notion of a rights structure, introduced by Sertel (2001), to formalize the power distribution in a society. We formulate and characterize implementability via rights structures under different specifications, which require having well-defined convergence dynamics and being consistent with farsighted behavior. We identify how implementation via rights structures is related to implementation via mechanisms. In the presence of at least three agents, we find the class of rights structures, implementability via which is equivalent to Nash and strong Nash implementability. We also introduce a strategic counterpart of implementation via rights structures in terms of deviation-constrained mechanisms.
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(2018): Greetings as social action in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish service encounters – a pluricentric perspective. In: Intercultural Pragmatics 15 (1), S. 57-88. DOI: 10.1515/ip-2017-0030
Abstract: While greetings are performed in all cultures and open most conversations, previous studies suggest that there are cross-cultural differences between different languages in greeting behavior. But do speakers of different national varieties of the same language organize and perform their greeting behavior in similar ways? In this study, we investigate the sequential organization of greetings in relation to gaze behavior in the two national varieties of Swedish: Sweden Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. In recent years, the importance of studying pluricentric languages from a pragmatic perspective has been foregrounded, not least within the framework of variational pragmatics. To date, most studies have focused on structural differences between national varieties of pluricentric languages. With this study, we extend the scope of variational pragmatics through adding an interactional, micro perspective to the broader macro analysis typical of this field. For this study, we have analyzed patterns for greetings in 297 videorecorded service encounters, where staff and customers interact at theatre box offices and event booking venues in Sweden and Finland. The study shows that there are similarities and differences in greeting behavior between varieties. There is a strong preference for exchanging reciprocal verbal greetings, one at a time, in both. There is also a similar organization of the greeting sequence, where customer and staff establish mutual gaze prior to the verbal greetings, thus signaling availability for interaction. The duration of mutual gaze and the timing of the greeting, however, differ between the two varieties. We have also conducted a multi modal analysis of gaze behavior in correlation to the greeting. We found that the customers and staff in the Finland Swedish data share mutual gaze before and during the verbal greeting, and often avert gaze after the verbal greetings. However, in the Sweden Swedish data, the participants often avert gaze before the verbal greetings. Our results thus indicate that both similarities and differences in pragmatic routines and bodily behavior exist between the two national varieties of Swedish. The present study on greeting practices in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish should contribute to the field of variational pragmatics and to the development of pluricentric theory.
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(2018): Less Power, Greater Conflict. In: Social Psychology 49 (1), S. 47-62. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000327Keywords: POWER, Sozialpsychologie
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(2018): Highly identified power-holders feel responsible. The interplay between social identification and social power within groups. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (1), S. 112-129. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12225
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983928 Abstract: Power relations affect dynamics within groups. Power-holders' decisions not only determine their personal outcomes, but also the outcomes of others in the group that they control. Yet, power-holders often tend to overlook this responsibility to take care of collective interests. The present research investigated how social identification - with the group to which both the powerful and the powerless belong - alters perceived responsibility among power-holders (and the powerless). Combining research on social power and social identity, we argue that power-holders perceive more responsibility than the powerless when strongly (rather than when weakly) identifying with the group. A study among leaders and an experiment supported this, highlighting that although power-holders are often primarily concerned about personal outcomes, they do feel responsible for considering others' interests when these others are included in the (social) self.
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(2018): Ranking low, feeling high. How hierarchical position and experienced power promote prosocial behavior in response to procedural justice. In: The Journal of applied psychology 103 (2), S. 164-181. DOI: 10.1037/apl0000260
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933910 Abstract: Research shows that power can lead to prosocial behavior by facilitating the behavioral expression of dispositional prosocial motivation. However, it is not clear how power may facilitate responses to contextual factors that promote prosocial motivation. Integrating fairness heuristic theory and the situated focus theory of power, we argue that in particular, organization members in lower (vs. higher) hierarchical positions who simultaneously experience a high (vs. low) sense of power respond with prosocial behavior to 1 important antecedent of prosocial motivation, that is, the enactment of procedural justice. The results from a multisource survey among employees and their leaders from various organizations (Study 1) and an experiment using a public goods dilemma (Study 2) support this prediction. Three subsequent experiments (Studies 3-5) show that this effect is mediated by perceptions of authority trustworthiness. Taken together, this research (a) helps resolve the debate regarding whether power promotes or undermines prosocial behavior, (b) demonstrates that hierarchical position and the sense of power can have very different effects on processes that are vital to the functioning of an organization, and (c) helps solve ambiguity regarding the roles of hierarchical position and power in fairness heuristic theory. (PsycINFO Database Record
2017
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(2017): The Psychology of Middle Power. Vertical Code-Switching, Role Conflict, and Behavioral Inhibition. In: Academy of Management Review 42 (4), S. 659-682. DOI: 10.5465/amr.2016.0002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0002 Abstract: Decades of research have demonstrated that having or lacking power can influence how people think and behave in organizations. By contrasting the experiences associated with high- and low-power states, however, this research has neglected the psychological and behavioral correlates of middle power, which is the subjective sense that one’s power is neither consistently higher nor lower than the power of one’s interaction partners. In this article we propose that middle-power positions and mindsets lead to frequent vertical code-switching—the act of alternating between behavioral patterns that are directed toward higher-power and lower-power interaction partners. We draw from identity and role transition theories to develop propositions specifying when frequent vertical code-switching will, in turn, result in heightened role conflict. We further situate our theoretical analysis by updating and extending the approach/inhibition theory of power on the basis of insights from rev ised reinforcement sensitivity theory to introduce an integrative framework called the approach/inhibition/avoidance theory of power. Overall, we highlight the promise of conceptualizing power in terms of the stability of one’s vertical orientation, offering novel predictions about the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2017): Attending to attention. How do people attract, manage, and negotiate attention using mobile devices?. In: Mobile Media & Communication 5 (3), S. 256-274. DOI: 10.1177/2050157917714504
Abstract: In today's always-connected world people have an ever-increasing array of ways to stay in touch, often selecting among multiple media that allow for different degrees of attention (e.g., phone calls vs. texting) and may vary in convenience for their interaction partner. In this environment, people must manage their attention to each other. Recent work suggests attention management can be considered as a dyadic negotiation process in which people are continually acting to display their own focus of attention and gather information about others' focus of attention, and may seek to increase or decrease the current level of attention from their partner. To explore attention management and negotiation on mobile devices, we built a custom application to track people's SMS and phone call activity. Drawing on log and transcript data, we use qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the details of attention management behavior within specific relationships for a few participants, and then used hierarchical clustering to identify different patterns of attention management in relationships of varying tie strength. Results suggest that attention is managed both implicitly and explicitly, with explicit negotiation more likely when there are conflicts. There are also substantial differences in interaction patterns by tie strength, with phone calls and shorter text response times more common for weaker ties.
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(2017): They Love Me, They Love Me Not?. Social Power Shapes Expectations of Acceptance and Concerns about Rejection. In: Social Cognition 35 (5), S. 563-584. DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.5.563
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2017.35.5.563 Abstract: Four studies tested the overriding hypothesis that an actor’s high relative to low social power enhances the actor’s expectations of social acceptance, and attenuates his or her concerns about social rejection, from others. Study 1 yielded correlational support for this hypothesis, while Studies 2 and 3 produced causal evidence. Study 3 also suggested that actor-power effects on acceptance expectations and rejection concerns emerge in relation to both opposite-power counterparts and others in general, though the effects tend to be stronger for the former. Finally, Study 4 confirmed that our effects are driven at least partly by an actor’s power, though at times in interaction with the high or low power of potential sources of acceptance/ rejection. The present studies extend a growing literature on power’s effects on processes and phenomena related to social acceptance and rejection. We discuss limitations, implications, and future directions. (PsycINFO Database R ecord (c ) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017) : (Im)politeness and Mixed Messages In: Culpeper, Jonathan; Haugh, Michael; Kádár, Dániel Z. (Hg.): The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness: London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, S. 323-355
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_13 Abstract: This chapter maps out the space occupied by phenomena that do not belong to either politeness or impoliteness, but in some sense fit both. It focuses on mixed or mismatching interpersonal messages that are incongruous on at least one level of interpretation or generate a sense of interpretive or evaluative dissonance. They encompass phenomena that typically attract labels such as sarcasm, banter and teasing. The authors discuss the pragmatic background of such mixed messages, especially drawing on approaches to irony, how they figure in classic politeness theories, and, in particular, how they work. This part of the chapter considers their metapragmatics, the constituents of the ‘mix’ of messages, how particular ‘mixes’ become conventionalised, their functions and also how they are perceived.
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(2017): Power assertion in everyday mother-infant interactions. In: Infant behavior & development 47, S. 58-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.03.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343117 Abstract: Mothers' power assertion was assessed following everyday infant transgressions. Power assertiveness showed limited stability, increased with age, and was higher when infants were harming others and when the physical danger was more severe. Naturalistic research is key to understanding how power assertion influences social development.
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(2017): The Hazard of Teetering at the Top and Being Tied to the Bottom. The Interactive Relationship of Power, Stability, and Social Dominance Orientation with Work Stress. In: Applied Psychology 66 (4), S. 653-673. DOI: 10.1111/apps.12104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12104 Abstract: This study examines the roles of power, stability, and social dominance orientation (SDO) for work stress. Initial laboratory research has demonstrated that power and the stability of one's power position interact to influence stress. Using a sample of Chinese managers, we replicate and extend this finding in an organisational field setting, illustrating that the interactive role of power and stability hinges on individuals' SDO. Individuals higher (but not lower) in SDO experienced more work stress in unstable high‐power and stable low‐power positions, compared to their counterparts in stable high‐power and unstable low‐power positions. These results underscore the role of stability for understanding the power–stress relationship and emphasise individual differences in needs and motivations as an important boundary condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): The effect of reactive emotions expressed in response to another's anger on inferences of social power. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 717-727. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000262 Abstract: Social perception of emotions is influenced by the context in which it occurs. One such context is a social interaction involving an exchange of emotions. The way parties to the interaction are perceived is shaped by the combination of emotions exchanged. This idea was examined by assessing the extent to which expressions of anger toward a target-which, in isolation, are perceived as signals of high social power-are influenced by the target's emotional reaction to it (i.e., reactive emotions). Three studies show that the angry person was perceived as having a higher level of social power when this anger was responded by fear or sadness than when it was responded by neutrality or anger. Study 1 indicated that reactive emotions have a stronger effect on perceived social power when emotions were incongruent with gender stereotypes. Study 2 indicated that these effects are a result of these emotions serving as reactive emotions rather than a benchmark against which the angry person's power is assessed. Study 3 showed that reactive emotions affect perceived social power by serving as signals of the level to which the high social power suggested by the first person's expression is confirmed by its target. Comparing effects of reactive emotions to anger with reactive emotions to sadness, showed that perceived social power of the expresser is determined by the nature of the expression, with some adjustment caused by the reactive emotions. This underscores the importance of social interaction as a context for the social perception of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2017): Authorities' coercive and legitimate power. The impact on cognitions underlying cooperation. In: Frontiers in Psychology (Online Journal) 8
Abstract: The execution of coercive and legitimate power by an authority assures cooperation and prohibits free-riding. While coercive power can be comprised of severe punishment and strict monitoring, legitimate power covers expert and informative procedures. The perception of these powers wielded by authorities stimulates specific cognitions: trust, relational climates, and motives. With four experiments, the single and combined impact of coercive versus legitimate power on these processes and on intended cooperation of a total of 720 student participants, is investigated within two exemplary contexts (i.e., tax contributions, insurance claims). The results revealed that coercive power increases an antagonistic climate and enforced compliance, whereas legitimate power increases reason-based trust, a service climate, and voluntary cooperation. Unexpectedly, legitimate power additionally has a negative effect on an antagonistic climate, and a positive effect on enforced compliance. The findings lead to a modification of theoretical assumptions. However, exclusively reason-based trust, but not climate perceptions and motives, mediates the relationship between power and intended cooperation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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(2017): Magnitude estimation is influenced by social power. In: Journal of Numerical Cognition 3 (2), S. 147-163. DOI: 10.5964/jnc.v3i2.52
Abstract: Examined whether social power affects estimation performance of spatial magnitudes (i.e., line estimation). Previous research has shown that social power affects basic cognitive processes and even influences the way individuals perceive their physical environment. In the present study, participants estimated the line length of a given number in an increase and a decrease condition, after (low versus high) social power had been manipulated between participants via role assignment. Results show that in the increase condition, low-power participants overestimated line lengths, whereas such a bias was not observed for high-power participants. In contrast, the power manipulation did not affect performance in the decrease condition, suggesting that proportion judgement strategies might have been applied here, thereby reducing the overall bias in line estimations. It is concluded that findings support the notion that social power has an impact on the perception of the physical environment and that perception can depend on personal as well as situational factors. Moreover, it is argued that the present research suggests that high (compared to low) social power may help people to overcome biases in overestimating magnitudes.
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(2017): The Embodiment of Power and Visual Dominance Behaviour. In: Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 15 (4), S. 228-241. DOI: 10.7906/indecs.15.4.1
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify whether the changes in assuming power poses during a conversation between a pair of individuals, who were previously familiar with each other, influence the hierarchy of power, changes in it, as well as maintenance and adoption of different roles in the hierarchy. We assumed changes in roles of power on the basis of changes in visual dominance behaviour, which proved to be a reliable indicator of the social power of the individual in previous researches. Each pair conversed on predefined topics three times for three minutes. By placing individuals in a neutral or expansive posture, the purpose of which was covered by the use of a cover story, we created a difference in nonverbal expression of power between the two individuals. In the first conversation, both individuals adopted a neutral pose. In the second conversation, one individual adopted an expansive posture, while the other remained in a neutral one, and vice versa in the third conversation. Interactions were filmed with two cameras, which enabled us to analyse nonverbal behaviour. The results show that the differences in displays of power with expansive body postures between individuals are not associated with changes in visual dominance behaviour of individuals. From this we conclude that in the relations in which the social hierarchy of power is already established, the use of power poses does not help increase the power of the individual who adopts the posture.
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(2017): Mobile communication as invader in face-to-face interactions. An analysis of predictors for parallel communication habits. In: Computers in Human Behavior 73, S. 328-335. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.055
Abstract: Mobile phone use has increased dramatically, and many users carry their phones 24 h a day. Consequently, mobile communication increasingly invades face-to-face interactions. In this paper, the researcher analyzes individual, social, and situational factors that predict such parallel communication habits. To this end, 339 smartphone users in Germany were asked about their smartphone usage habits, their availability management, and their parallel communication experiences. Subsequently, a multiple logistic regression was calculated to test which of the identified factors form predictors of a disposition to parallel communication. The findings confirm the assumption of significant influence from age, social usage motivation, usage habits of the peer group, individual evaluation of parallel communication, and expectations about the availability of others.
Keywords: POWER -
(2017): Power increases anchoring effects on judgment. In: Social Cognition 35 (1), S. 40-53
Abstract: Four experiments test the impact of power (vs powerlessness) on anchoring effects. Anchoring refers to the tendency to assimilate one's judgment to a previously considered numeric standard. Based on the notion that power facilitates the activation of and reliance on accessible information, it is hypothesized that power increases numeric anchoring effects on judgment, compared to powerlessness. Across studies, consistent support for this idea was found: when testing estimations of factual values (Experiments 1 and 2), subjective evaluations (Experiment 3), and negotiation behavior (Experiment 4). The findings of Studies 2 to 4 qualify the dominant idea in power literature that power reduces conformity to others' opinion. Power increases conformity to others' opinion, if such opinion is presented as an anchor and therefore processed more automatically. These findings also have important methodological implications for power research. They show that differences in stimulus presentation can steer observed effects of power in opposite directions.
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(2017): Communal and agentic interpersonal and intergroup motives predict preferences for status versus power. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43 (1), S. 71-86
Abstract: Seven studies involving 1,343 participants showed how circumplex models of social motives can help explain individual differences in preferences for status (having others' admiration) versus power (controlling valuable resources). Studies 1 to 3 and 7 concerned interpersonal motives in workplace contexts, and found that stronger communal motives (to have mutual trust, support, and cooperation) predicted being more attracted to status (but not power) and achieving more workplace status, while stronger agentic motives (to be firm, decisive, and influential) predicted being more attracted to and achieving more workplace power, and experiencing a stronger connection between workplace power and job satisfaction. Studies 4 to 6 found similar effects for intergroup motives: Stronger communal motives predicted wanting one's ingroup (e.g., country) to have status but not power relative to other groups. Finally, most people preferred status over power, and this was especially true for women, which was partially explained by women having stronger communal motives.
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(2017): Screens are a game changer. How environments influence social capital in the digital era. In: Cogent Social Sciences 3 (1). DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1372028
Abstract: Accumulated social interactions shape social capital-that is, resources available through social ties-that benefits individuals, groups, and society at large. Personal electronic communication media and devices, termed herein screens, are a new type of environment interacting with other environments within an ecological system. Environments influence interpersonal communication in and across settings; yet little is known about the influence of context wherein virtual and in-person social interactions occur. After overviewing the characteristics of the screens, the present paper examines how four geographical contexts-middle-class suburbs, impoverished neighborhoods, urban neighborhoods, and college communities-can influence on the relationship between the screen and local social capital. Lastly, this paper discusses environmental design implications for reducing screen usage that harms social capital.
Keywords: POWER, Umwelt/Wohnumfeld -
(2017): A matter of focus. Power-holders feel more responsible after adopting a cognitive other-focus, rather than a self-focus (PSYNDEXalert). In: British Journal of Social Psychology 56 (1), S. 89-102
Abstract: Social power implies responsibility. Yet, power-holders often follow only their own interests and overlook this responsibility. The present research illuminates how a previously adopted cognitive focus guides perceived responsibility when a person receives high (vs. low) power. In three experiments, adopting a cognitive focus on another person (vs. on the self or taking over another person's perspective) promoted perceived responsibility among individuals receiving high (but not low) power in a subsequent context. This effect was … zitiert von 5
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(2017): The Network Dynamics of Status. Assimilation and Selection. In: Social Forces 96 (1), S. 389-422. DOI: 10.1093/sf/sox040
Abstract: Using longitudinal data that we have collected on friendship and advice relations in a cohort of MBA students, we examine how status affects the dynamics of network ties among peers. Estimates of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOMs) suggest that status is a consequence of network ties because over time the level of status attributed to individual students by other students tends to the average level of status attributed to their network partners-a phenomenon we call status assimilation. Status is also an antecedent to network ties because it affects partner selection decisions, giving rise to distinct forms of social attachment. We find that both network-based processes of status assimilation, as well as status-based processes of social selection, are present, but they vary subtly yet significantly across network domains. Students tend to the average level of status of their friends, but not to that of their advisors. High-status students are more active in the friendship network, but more popular in the advice network. We find evidence of performance homophily rather than status homophily: students with similar grades are more likely to exchange friendship and advice ties. High-status students tend to be more central in the advice network, but status attributions spill over through friendship, rather than advice relations. The study documents how the relation between social status and social networks varies both over time, as well as across network domains. The study also demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiplexity-the tendency of a network to operate through another.
Keywords: ADVICE, Bekanntheitsgrad, CENTRALITY, decision-making, Disziplin, EXCHANGE, Favoriten, friendship, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, INEQUALITY, MARKET, Modelle/Theorien, Netzwerk, Netzwerktheorien, ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICE, POWER, social importance dynamics, social networks, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Status, Status-zentriert -
(2017): High power mindsets reduce gender identification and benevolent sexism among women (But not men). In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 68, S. 162-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.06.012
Abstract: We examine how feelings of power affect gender identification and the endorsement of sexism. Participants wrote essays about a time when they felt powerful or powerless (Studies 1–3) or about an event unrelated to power (Studies 2–3). Then, they reported how much they identified with their gender group. When primed with high power, women reported lower levels of gender identification, as compared to those primed with low power (Studies 1–2) and to a control condition (Studies 2–3). In Study 3, we also found that women primed with high power endorsed benevolent (but not hostile) sexism less than women in both the low power and control conditions. Power had no impact on men's gender identification or sexism.