Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Fairness Means More to Some Than Others. In: Journal of Management 43 (2), S. 293-318. DOI: 10.1177/0149206314527132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527132 Abstract: We examined when job embeddedness might serve as a boundary condition between interactional fairness and employee behavior. Specifically, we explored whether elements of affective attachment associated with job embeddedness moderated relations of supervisors’ interactional fairness with citizenship behavior and production deviance. Results from a field and a scenario study supported the idea that interactional fairness exerts a stronger effect on these outcomes for employees embedded in their jobs than for their less attached coworkers. We found this result even after controlling for turnover intent. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Social Categorization, Moral Disengagement, and Credibility of Ideological Group Websites. In: Journal of Media Psychology 28 (1), S. 16-31. DOI: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000138
Abstract: The online presence of ideological groups has enabled the dissemination of group beliefs and ideas through a variety of new media outlets. Websites have offered a way for these groups to share aspects of their ideology and to create a sense of shared identity. While ideological groups have been of interest for decades, little empirical research has examined their online presence. The aims of this study were to compare nonviolent and violent ideological group websites with each other and with nonideological websites with respect to social categorization, moral disengagement, and website credibility, and to examine the relationships of psychological processes to website credibility. A content analysis approach was used to rate 105 websites (violent = 32, nonviolent = 36; nonideological = 37) for aspects of social categorization, outgrouping, moral disengagement, content features of credibility, and structural features of credibility. Violent ideological group websites manifest a greater degree of social categorization, outgrouping, and moral disengagement than nonviolent ideological and nonideological websites. Regression analysis shows that these three variables negatively predict content and structural website credibility for nonviolent ideological groups but do not significantly predict website credibility for violent groups or nonideological groups. Potential limitations include small sample, use of raters (vs. normative website visitors) to evaluate websites, inclusion of only English-language websites, limited number of psychological processes examined and the potential need for more specific website categories. Social identity processes on websites vary for different types of groups and impact perceived credibility of such groups in online environments. zitiert von: 7
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(2016): Teaching Wedding Rules. In: Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 31 (1), S. 33-67. DOI: 10.1177/0891241602031001002
Abstract: Salespeople must educate their customers and teach them to be good consumers of products. To maximize sales and minimize potential problems, salespeople must also develop strategies to control their customer's behavior. To examine the "generic social process" of gaining control over customers, the author focuses on the bridal shop to show how workers attempt to establish themselves as professionals. In the world of bridal wear, workers and brides must maintain extensive contact over many months. Bridal workers strive to gain control over their brides behavior by presenting a professional self. By establishing familiarity with their clients and demonstrating their expertise, bridal workers can give orders to their customers and chastise them when they deviate from appropriate behavior without fear that the customer will not return.
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(2016): Self-Identification and Alienation. In: The Sociological Quarterly 7 (3), S. 255-264. DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1966.tb01692.x
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(2016): Missing Ihde. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (2), S. 95-104. DOI: 10.5840/techne201672551
Abstract: This article investigates how lack of a phenomenology of technology has hurt understanding of the lifeworld. One way, as Ihde has shown, involves a failure to appreciate the instrumental mediation of experience and the extension of perception. But Ihde also fails to notice the background in which these mediations are taking place and which shapes the mediations themselves and our interpretation of them; not even the research of technoscientists takes place in a neutral atmosphere that does not affect how we work. This article also discusses hermeneutic distortion, or the gap in collective interpretive resources that occurs when the technoscientific infrastructure withdraws and becomes all but invisible, encouraging the tendency to treat scientific conclusions as mere opinions, and technoscientific devices as accessory rather than integral to the modern world.
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(2016): The Habitus and the Critique of the Present. In: Sociological Theory 33 (4), S. 327-346. DOI: 10.1177/0735275115617801
Abstract: I tackle some major criticisms addressed to Pierre Bourdieu's notion of habitus by foregrounding its affinities with Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of rule-following. To this end, I first clarify the character of the habitus as a theoretical device, and then elucidate what features of Wittgenstein's analysis Bourdieu found of interest from a methodological viewpoint. To vindicate this reading, I contend that Wittgenstein's discussion of rule-following was meant to unearth the internal connection between rules and the performative activities whereby rules are brought into life. By portraying rules as tools that allow agents to stabilize and renegotiate practices, I illustrate the active role social agents play in the production of shared accounts of practices. I conclude by showing that, if viewed through this prism, the habitus proves to be meant to provide guidance on how social theory helps historicize and denaturalize the social world.
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(2016): Culture and the regulation of entry. In: Journal of Comparative Economics 44 (4), S. 1055-1083. DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2016.09.007
Abstract: Does culture affect the manner in which a society regulates the entry of new firms? Our results suggest it does. We find more individualistic countries regulate entry more lightly. We investigate how culture matters presenting evidence of significant interactions between individualism and formal legal and political institutions. Individualism has a greater impact on entry regulation in societies with democratic political institutions or a common law tradition. This outcome is consistent with the idea that culture influences social preference for regulation, and political and legal institutions determine the degree to which those preferences are expressed as policy outcomes. zitiert von 9
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(2016): Models of the evolution of fairness in the ultimatum game. A review and classification. In: Evolution and Human Behavior 37 (3), S. 245-254. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.01.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.01.001 Abstract: In the ultimatum game, two people need to agree on the division of a sum of money. People usually divide money equally for the sake of fairness, and prefer to suffer financial losses rather than accept unfair divisions, contradicting the predictions of orthodox game theory. Models aimed at accounting for the evolution of such irrational preferences have put forward a great variety of explanations: biological, cultural, learning-based, human-specific (or not), etc. This diversity reflects the current absence of consensus in the scientific community, and possibly even an absence of debate. Here, we review 36 theoretical models of the evolution of human fairness published in the last 30 years, and identify six families into which they can all be broadly classified. We point out connections between the different families, and instantiate five of the mainstream models in the form of agent-based simulations for purposes of comparison. We identify a variety of theoretical, terminological, and conceptual problems that currently undermine progress in the field. Finally, we suggest directions for future research, and in particular the modeling of the evolution of fairness in a wider and more realistic range of situations.
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(2016): Don't Be a Stranger-Designing a Digital Intercultural Sensitivity Training Tool that is Culture General. In: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 9 (2), S. 120-132. DOI: 10.1109/TLT.2015.2456912
Abstract: Digital intercultural training tools play an important role in helping people to mediate cultural misunderstandings. In recent years, these tools were made to teach about specific cultures, but there has been little attention for the design of a tool to teach about differences across a wide range of cultures. In this work, we take the first steps to create a digital self-contained culture-general training tool. In the first part of the article, we focus on different aspects and methods of intercultural training. This information is then used in the second part to evaluate the effect of these different methods on the perception of behaviour in misunderstandings. We found that experiential and story-based approaches may lead to different perceptions of participants. In the third part, we expanded on these critical incidents, and incorporated virtual characters, to evaluate if experiential incidents in an embedded story can lead to an attribution of perceived differences in behaviour to specific differences in culture and to users becoming less judgemental of inappropriate behaviours by people from different cultures. The results suggest that the tool had some effect, but that a debriefing relating the general differences to specific instances would be beneficial.
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(2016): Interculturality in Education. A Theoretical and Methodological Toolbox. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=4719974
Abstract: This book explores the decades-long use of the notion of interculturality in education and other fields, arguing that it is now time to move beyond certain assumptions towards a richer and more realistic understanding of the ‘intercultural’. Many concepts such as culture, identity and intercultural competence are discussed and revised. Myths about interculturality are also unpacked and dispelled. Written by one of the leading scholars in the field, this book proposes a very useful framework to address theoretical and methodological issues related to interculturality. This somewhat provocative book will be of interest to anyone who wrestles with this knotty but central notion of our times.
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(2016): Filiation, corps, sexe et genre dans le parcours ricoeurien de la reconnaissance-identité. In: Symposium 20 (2), S. 64-91. DOI: 10.5840/symposium201620218
Abstract: Dans Parcours de la reconnaissance, « se reconnaître dans le lignage » est conçu comme la première expérience de reconnaissance de soi paisible. Traitant de filiation, Ricoeur cite deux auteurs peu compatibles entre eux : Françoise Héritier et Pierre Legendre. Cet article élucide ce passage, montrant que ce double appel est motivé chez Ricoeur par un souci de voir l’« ordre des places » filiales rester intact. La référence à Héritier exprime un féminisme en germe chez Ricoeur, différencialiste, plaidant pour un binarisme des sexes sans hiérarchie. Quant à la référence à Legendre, elle sert de propédeutique à la phénoménologie ricoeurienne du don « sans prix », mais dénote aussi l’appréhension de Ricoeur quant à certaines demandes contemporaines de reconnaissance. Dans le parcours ricoeurien de la reconnaissance-identité, où « se reconnaître dans le lignage » paraît essentiel, trouve-t-on la place pour des personnes intersexuées, transsexuelles, transgenres ou issues de familles monoparentales, homoparentales, alloparentales? En plus de répondre à cette question, j’explique pourquoi Ricoeur rejette le lacanisme de Legendre, et comment il critiquerait le structuralisme d’Héritier s’il avait pris le temps de le faire.
Keywords: Anerkennung, Disziplin, Philosophie, RECOGNITION, Ricoeur, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie -
(2016): Status, Sex, and Smiling. In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16 (3), S. 531-540. DOI: 10.1177/0146167290163011
Abstract: Based on previous work showing that sex is a "diffuse status cue" (Berger, Rosenholtz, & Zelditch, 1980), the hypothesis that women smile more than men because of status differences between the sexes was evaluated Status was manipulated by assigning men and women to the roles of interviewer (high power) or applicant (low power) in simulated job interviews with either male or female partners. As predicted, overall, applicants smiled more than interviewers, demonstrating that smiling does reflect status. However, the sex composition of the pairs also influenced smiling frequency. Male interviewers smiled significantly less than their applicant partners, whereas female interviewers did not. The results suggest that, compared with females, males may more readily experience power and dominance as concomitants of high-status roles, which may then be reflected in the frequency of their smiling.
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(2016): Spieltheorie. Einführung, Beispiele, Experimente. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag
Abstract: Die Spieltheorie befasst sich mit dem strategischen Handeln von Personen, Firmen, Staaten oder anderen Akteuren. Das Buch behandelt die grundlegenden Konzepte anhand von Beispielen aus Politik, Soziologie und Ökonomie. Dabei kommen nicht nur Theorien und Modelle zur Sprache, sondern auch die Ergebenisse einfallsreicher Experimente, mit denen das tatsächliche Verhalten von Personen in Konfliktsituationen erforscht wird. In zehn Kapiteln, angefangen mit dem «Nash-Gleichgewicht» bis hin zur «Experimentellen Spieltheorie», werden die wichtigsten Elemente dieses faszinierenden Bereichs vorgestellt und an zahlreichen Beispielen veranschaulicht. Ein kleines Lexikon der Begriffe beschließt den Band.
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(2016): “Take One for the Team!” Individual Heterogeneity and the Emergence of Latent Norms in a Volunteer's Dilemma. In: Social Forces 94 (3), S. 1309-1333. DOI: 10.1093/sf/sov107
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sov107 Abstract: The tension between individual and collective interests and the provision of sanctioning mechanisms have been identified as important building blocks of a theory of norm emergence. Correspondingly, most investigations focus on how social norms emerge through explicit bargaining and social exchange to overcome this tension, and how sanctions enforce norm compliance. However, sanctioning presupposes the existence of the behavior at which it is directed, and the question of how behavior worth sanctioning can emerge tacitly if communication is not possible has hitherto received little attention. Here, we argue that game theory offers an ideal framework for theorizing about emergent behavioral regularities and show how latent norms can emerge from actors' recurring encounters in similar social dilemmas. We conduct two experiments in which small groups of subjects interact repeatedly in a volunteer's dilemma. We vary the heterogeneity of group members in terms of their costs of cooperation and the way they encounter each other in subsequent interactions. Our results show that subjects in homogeneous groups take turns at cooperating, whereas in heterogeneous groups mostly the subjects with the lowest costs cooperate. The emergence of solitary cooperation is moderated by the way subjects encounter each other again and their other-regarding preferences.
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(2016): Politeness Judgments in Personal Relationships. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 16 (3), S. 297-325. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X970163003
Abstract: Brown and Levinson's politeness theory specifies five strategies for achieving politeness. Although the strategies are presented as ordered and mutually exclusive, there is reason to believe that they are neither The authors offer an alternative means of classifying requests that is grounded in the phenomenology of the social actor and depends on three message features: explicitness, dominance, and argument. Separate samples of judges viewed video clips of one college student attempting to influence another and provided judgments of politeness (n = 100), explicitness and overall dominance (n = 435), linguistic dominance (n = 80), or argument (n = 60). A regression analysis predicting politeness was conducted using message as the unit of analysis. The results showed a strong, negative relationship between politeness and dominance and weaker;positive associations with explicitness and argument.
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Dillschnitter, Maria; Keller, David (Hg.) (2016): Zweckentfremdung. 'Unsachgemäßer' Gebrauch als kulturelle Praxis. Zentrum für Kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung Lübeck. Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink
Abstract: Mit Artefakten verbinden wir konkrete Bedeutungen und Funktionen. Als Werkzeuge dienen sie unserem täglichen Handeln. Welche Folgen aber hat es, wenn sie ›unsachgemäß‹ gebraucht werden? Wie überhaupt unterscheiden sich ›sachgemäße‹ und ›unsachgemäße‹ Verwendungsweisen? Anhand von Fallstudien aus verschiedenen thematischen Kontexten und disziplinären Perspektiven nimmt der Band ein weites Spektrum von Praktiken in den Blick, die um die Frage der Zweckentfremdung kreisen. Gemeinsamer Ausgangspunkt ist jenes Spannungsverhältnis, das sich in der Redeweise von der Zweckentfremdung abzeichnet: Einerseits verbinden wir mit ihr Regelverletzungen und Normüberschreitungen. Andererseits ist es der ›unsachgemäße‹ Gebrauch, der am Beginn eines explorativen Umgangs mit Artefakten steht und neue Bedeutungen und Lesarten ermöglichen hilft. Ziel dieses Bandes ist es, das kreative und wissensstiftende Potenzial freizulegen, das sich mit solchen Gebrauchsweisen verbindet.
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(2016) : Social Learning and Behavior Transmission☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier
Abstract: One way of acquiring behavior is by genetic transmission, but this method is not always the most advantageous one. Social learning allows individuals to acquire new information and adapt to environmental changes. The most common behaviors that are learned socially involve food acquisition, subsistence activities, mate-choice, and predator avoidance, all of which have direct survival benefits; whereas other behaviors such as body care, communication signals, and tool-use techniques have less direct benefits and, in some cases, no apparent benefit at all. Cultural variants between populations reflect these socially transmitted behaviors, and differences between how each species learns socially reflect the many ways in which individuals learn from one another. These differences are found in the types of mechanisms involved in social learning, and have been the focus of much of the research on social learning and behavior transmission in animals.
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(2016) : End-Directedness and Context in Nonliving Dissipative Systems In: Dzhafarov, Ehtibar N.: Contextuality from quantum physics to psychology, 6: Hackensack, NJ: WORLD SCIENTIFIC (Advanced Series on Mathematical Psychology), S. 185-208
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(2016): Developing professional values. Perceptions of francophone occupational therapists in Quebec, Canada. In: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy 23 (4), S. 286-296. DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2015.1130168
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824179 Abstract: Objective Recent literature shows growing interest in the values displayed by occupational therapists. Yet, none of these writings has so far examined the factors that contribute to the development of occupational therapists' professional values. These factors are important, since values play a pivotal role in forging professional identity, which in the case of some occupational therapists remains somewhat ambiguous. This article proposes possible answers to the following question: What do Quebec Francophone occupational therapists perceive as the building blocks of their professional values? Methods Using a phenomenological qualitative method, the subjective experience of occupational therapists in Quebec, Canada was examined. Twenty-six occupational therapists took part in the study. Results As intended, their professional experience was varied. According to the participants, four factors contributed significantly to their professional values: professional experience, university training, personal experience, and professional development. However, fewer than 50% of the participants cited six other factors (workplace, family upbringing, personal development, personality and abilities, professional normative framework, and sociocultural background). Conclusions Most of these results are consistent with those documented in existing works. They point to the relevance of discussing professional values during university training and continuing professional development, as well as encouraging occupational therapists to become exemplars for their colleagues and interns. This study constitutes an initial step in understanding how occupational therapists' axiological identity is formed.
Keywords: Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Berufserfahrung/Kompetenz, Culture, Design, Erfahrung, Family, Female, (Grad/Qualität der) Ausbildung, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Normen innerhalb eines Berufsfelds, Occupational Therapists/education/ethics/psychology, Personality, Persönliche Entwicklung, Professionalism, Professionalität, Qualitative research, Quebec, Rolle (Beruf), Workplace, Young Adult -
(2016): Dis-honoring the dead. Negotiating decorum in the shadow of Sandy Hook. In: Western Journal of Communication 80 (1), S. 79-99
Abstract: Mourning the indiscriminate murders of 26 children and adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School, many eulogizers began calling publicly for gun control reforms that would help prevent similar tragedies in the future. One particularly savage set of responses to these efforts accused eulogizers of a gross breach of decorum that dishonored the dead and ought, therefore, to be dismissed. Drawing from a Burkean perspective that recognizes the relationships among rhetoric, decorum, and ideology, I contend that these attacks are based upon and advocate for a particular sense of decorum (one at odds with the one embodied in the rhetorical tradition) that reduces the circumference of human tragedy to the individual and permits only conformity with the status quo. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: decorum, Elementary Schools, Grief, Ideology, Kommunikation, Krieg/ Gewalt, School Violence -
(2016): Which Basic Rules Underlie Social Judgments? Agency Follows a Zero-Sum Principle and Communion Follows a Non-Zero-Sum Principle. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 42 (5), S. 677-687. DOI: 10.1177/0146167216640902
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029579 Abstract: How are people who generally see others positively evaluated themselves? We propose that the answer to this question crucially hinges on the content domain: We hypothesize that Agency follows a "zero-sum principle" and therefore people who see others ashighin Agency are perceived aslowin Agency themselves. In contrast, we hypothesize that Communion follows a "non-zero-sum principle" and therefore people who see others ashighin Communion are perceived ashighin Communion themselves. We tested these hypotheses in a round-robin and a half-block study. Perceiving others as agentic was indeed linked to being perceived as low in Agency. To the contrary, perceiving others as communal was linked to being perceived as high in Communion, but only when people directly interacted with each other. These results help to clarify the nature of Agency and Communion and offer explanations for divergent findings in the literature. zitiert von 6
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(2016): An Action Learning Perspective on Effective Implementation of Academic Honor Codes. In: Group & Organization Management 29 (2), S. 201-218. DOI: 10.1177/1059601103261472
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103261472 Abstract: Facing mounting evidence of academic dishonesty on America's college campuses, many schools in the 1990s implemented academic honor codes to stem the tide. Previous research concerning academic honor codes and other ethics codes highlight the importance of enacting a more ethical organizational culture as well as involving many organizational members in the process. Through the illustrative case of a major public university that struggled to meet this normative goal as it implemented an academic honor code, this article introduces an action learning perspective on how the design and implementation of ethics codes can help effect change in the ethical culture by instilling and reinforcing the values of honesty and integrity. It is argued that codes must be designed with full acknowledgement of the traditions and culture present in the student body, with the involvement of virtually all organization members, to elicit a full understanding of the ethical culture system. (Psy cINFO Da tabase Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 43
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(2016): Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. In: Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 22 (2), S. 207-233. DOI: 10.1177/0265407505050944
Abstract: This investigation uses dyadic power theory (Dunbar, 2000, 2004; Rollins & Bahr, 1976) to examine the relationship between dominance and power and the behavioral manifestations of power in close relationships. Ninety-seven couples (58 married, 39 cohabiting) completed a problem-solving task together while being videotaped. The videotapes were coded for a variety of verbal and nonverbal dominant control attempts including dysfluencies, interruptions, frequency of adaptor and illustrator gestures, vocal characteristics, and general perceptions of dominance. The results revealed that individuals' perceptions of power led to more dominant communication behavior during discussions with their partner. Comparisons between the perceptions of participants and observers and the implications for future research are also discussed.
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(2016): Theory of mind for processing unexpected events across contexts. In: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 11 (8), S. 1183-1192. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw032
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw032 Abstract: Theory of mind, or mental state reasoning, may be particularly useful for making sense of unexpected events. Here, we investigated unexpected behavior across both social and non-social contexts in order to characterize the precise role of theory of mind in processing unexpected events. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how people respond to unexpected outcomes when initial expectations were based on (i) an object’s prior behavior, (ii) an agent’s prior behavior and (iii) an agent’s mental states. Consistent with prior work, brain regions for theory of mind were preferentially recruited when people first formed expectations about social agents vs non-social objects. Critically, unexpected vs expected outcomes elicited greater activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, which also discriminated in its spatial pattern of activity between unexpected and expected outcomes for social events. In contrast, social vs non-social events elicited greater activity in precuneus across both expected and unexpected outcomes. Finally, given prior information about an agent’s behavior, unexpected vs expected outcomes elicited an especially robust response in right temporoparietal junction, and the magnitude of this difference across participants correlated negatively with autistic-like traits. Together, these findings illuminate the distinct contributions of brain regions for theory of mind for processing unexpected events across contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Self determination-based design to achieve acceptance of assisted living technologies for older adults. In: Computers in Human Behavior 65, S. 508-521. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.042
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.042 Abstract: Providing technological support to assist older adults in their daily activities is a promising approach to aging in place. However, acceptance is critical when technologies are embedded in the user's life. Recently, Lee et al. established a connection between acceptance and motivation. They approached motivation via the Self-Determination Theory (SDT): the capacity to make choices and to take decisions. This paper leverages SDT to promote a new design style for gerontechnologies that consists of principles and requirements. We applied our approach to develop an assisted living platform, which was used to conduct a six-month field study with 34 older adults. We show that self-determination is a determining factor of technology acceptance. Furthermore, our platform improved the self-determination of equipped participants, compared to the control group, suggesting that our approach is effective. As such, SDT opens up new opportunities for improving the design process of gerontechnologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)