Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): ‘What I see is not what you get’. Why culture-specific behaviours for virtual characters should be user-tested across cultures. In: AI & Society 32 (1), S. 37-49. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-014-0567-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-014-0567-2 Abstract: Abstract Integrating culture into the behavioural models of virtual characters requires knowledge from very different disciplines such as cross-cultural psychology and computer science. If culture-related behavioural differences are simulated with a virtual character system, users might not necessarily understand the intent of the designer. This is, in part, due to the influence of culture on not only users, but also designers. To gain a greater understanding of the instantiation of culture in the behaviour of virtual characters, and on this potential mismatch between designer and user, we have conducted two experiments. In these experiments, we tried to simulate one dimension of culture (Masculinity vs. Femininity) in the behaviour of virtual characters. We created four scenarios in the first experiment and six in the second. In each of these scenarios, the same two characters interact with each other. The verbal and non-verbal behaviour of these characters differs depending on their cultural scripts. In two user perception studies, we investigated how these differences are judged by human participants with different cultural backgrounds. Besides expected differences between participants from Masculine and Feminine countries, we found significant differences in perception between participants from Individualistic and Collectivistic countries. We also found that the user’s interpretation of the character’s motivation had a significant influence on the perception of the scenarios. Based on our findings, we giverecommendations for researchers that aim to design culture-specific behaviours for virtual characters.
Keywords: Agent-based Modelling, Behaviour modelling, Culture, Design, Disziplin, Evaluation, Favoriten, Interaktion, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kultur, Kultursensibilität, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modell, Modelle/Theorien, Modellierung, Realtechnik, social importance dynamics, Soziosensitive Systeme, Technik, User testing, Virtual characters -
(2017): Interkulturelle Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland. Dissertation. Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät. Online verfügbar unter http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/hoessler-ulrich-2017-01-31/PDF/hoessler.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 30.04.2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18452/17721 Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, ein Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland zu generieren. Im theoretischen Teil wird der Qualifizie-rungsbegriff in Bezug zum Qualifizierungsziel interkulturelle Kompetenz und zum Anwen-dungskontext Hochschulstudium in Deutschland erörtert sowie das Thema innerhalb der Erzie-hungswissenschaften verortet. Auf die Themen interkulturelle Kompetenz und interkulturelles Lernen wird gesondert eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend werden im empirischen Tiel die zwei durchgeführten Studien beschrieben und abschließend die Ergebnisse interpretiert. Aus einer qualitativ-explorativen Interviewbefragung von 18 ehemaligen Teilnehmenden am Zusatzstudi-um Internationale Handlungskompetenz der Regensburger Hochschulen und einer quantitativ-explanativen Fragebogenstudie mit 129 damals aktuellen Teilnehmenden am Ende des Zusatz-studiums konnten relevante Eingangsbedingungen, Lernprozesse und Wirkungen sowie Kon-trollvariablen interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Die identifizierten Variablen werden zu den fünf Nutzungsprofilen interkultureller Qualifizierung 1) Sensibilisie-rung, 2) kognitive Anwendung, 3) Aktivierung, 4) aktionale Anwendung und 5) Potenzierung zusammengefasst. In einem Transfermodell werden die Nutzungsprofile schießlich in Bezug auf Wissenstransfer und Handlungstransfer verortet und in einem Input-Prozess-Output-Modell auf-steigend angeordnet. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit besteht somit in einem theoretisch fundierten und empirisch geprüften lern- und handlungstheoretischen Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung, das exemplarisch Bedingungen, Prozessverläufe und Wirkungen interkultureller Qualifizie-rungsmaßnahmen an deutschen Hochschulen beschreibt und dadurch Anwendungswissen für Konzeption, Implementation und Evaluation weiterer bestehender und geplanter interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen bietet. This study aims at generating an input-process-output model of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. The theoretical framework consists of defining in-tercultural qualification and localizing the topic within educational sciences. The topics intercul-tural competence and intercultural learning are discussed separately. There were two empirical studies: 1) 18 former participants of the Extracurricular Study Program for Intercultural Compe-tence at the Regensburg universities have been interviewed about the program’s learning pro-cesses and learning outcomes. Resulting data were analysed using qualitative methods, yielding a set of hypotheses on relations between preconditions, processes and outcomes of intercultural qualification. 2) At the end of the program, 129 participants completed a questionnaire con-structed on the results of the interview study producing quantitative data. Relevant input, pro-cess and output variables could be identified and were integrated into five user profiles: 1) sensi-tisation, 2) cognitive application, 3) activation, 4) behavioral application, and 5) potentialisation. These profiles were finally arranged in relation to knowledge transfer and behavioral transfer, thus yielding a transfer model of intercultural qualification, and were put in ascending order in an input-process-output model. This theoretically founded and empirically tested model de-scribes exemplarily preconditions, learning processes, learning outcomes, and control variables of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. It can be used as a theoretical framework for further research or conceptualisation, implementation, and evalua-tion of intercultural qualification programs.
Keywords: AL 17900, Bildung, competence, Curriculum, didactic, Didaktik, educational sciences, Employability, erfahrungsorientiert, Erziehungswissenschaft, Evaluation, experiential, formal, formell, higher education, Hochschule, implicit, implizit, informal, informell, Intercultural, Intercultural communication, intercultural competence, interkulturell, Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Interkulturelle Kompetenz, internationalisation, Internationalisierung, key qualifikation, Kompetenz, Kompetenzerwerb, Learning, learning process, Lernen, Lernprozess, model, Modell, Pädagogik, pedagogic, qualification, Qualifizierung, Schlüsselqualifikation, Schul- und Bildungswesen, situated cognition, situiert, Unterricht, vergleichend -
(2017): Reasoning about Imprecise Beliefs in Multi-Agent Systems with PDT Logic. In: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 31 (1), S. 63-71. DOI: 10.1007/s13218-016-0455-7Keywords: abductive reasoning, Abduktion, abduktives Schließen, Agenten, Agenten-Überzeugung, Angemessenheit von Überzeugungen, Bedeutung, Belief updates, deutsche Community, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Formalisierung, frame semantics, imprecise beliefs, Imprecise probabilities, Intellektualtechnik, Knowledge representation, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), model, Modell, Modellierung, multi-agent systems, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, PDT Logic, Probabilistic Doxastic Temporal Logic, Realtechnik, Technik, Ungenaue Überzeugungen, Wahrscheinlichkeit
2014
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(2014): Are Hofstede's dimensions valid? A test for measurement invariance of uncertainty avoidance. In: Interculture Journal: Online Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Studien 13 (22), S. 11-26. Online verfügbar unter https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454722
2013
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(2013) : Social Importance Dynamics. A Model for Culturally-Adaptive Agents In: Aylett, Ruth; Krenn, Brigitte; Pelachaud, Catherine; Shimodaira, Hiroshi (Hg.): Intelligent Virtual Agents: 13th International Conference IVA 2013 Proceedings: Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, S. 325-338
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40415-3_29 Abstract: The unwritten rules of human cultures greatly affect social behaviour and as such should be considered in the development of socially intelligent agents. So far, there has been a large focus on modeling cultural aspects related to non-verbal behaviour such as gaze or body posture. However, culture also dictates how we perceive and treat others from a relational perspective. Namely, what do we expect from others in different social situations and how much are we willing to do for others as well. In this article we present a culturally configurable model of such social dynamics. The aim is to facilitate the creation of agents with distinct cultural behaviour, which emerges from different parametrisations of the proposed model. The practical application of the model was tested in the development of an agent-based application for intercultural training, in which the model is responsible for driving the socio-cultural behaviour of the virtual agents.
Keywords: Adaptive Systeme, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Favoriten, Kultur, kulturadaptives System, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modell, Modelle/Theorien, Modellierung, Realtechnik, social importance dynamics, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziosensitive Systeme, soziosensitives System, Technik, Volltreffer 2011
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(2011) : Computational Models Of Etiquette And Culture In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 63-90
Abstract: Etiquette is often defined as a shared code of conduct. Social etiquette such as how to greet your new boss from Japan can be seen as a discrete set of rules that define the proper behaviors for specific situational contexts. Those who share the same etiquette model (i.e., the same rules and interpretations of these rules) may also share expectations of appropriate behaviors, and interpretations of unexpected behaviors. When people lack a shared model of etiquette, the result may be confusing, unproductive, or even dangerous interactions. Etiquette is a well studied phenomenon in linguistics and sociology; it is a vital part of communication in virtually all cultures and all types of interactions. However, what is of particular interest in the work reported throughout this volume, is the increasing evidence that people expect their interactions with computers to be very like their interactions with humans. Not only do people readily anthropomorphize technological artifacts, but they relate to them at a social level (Reeves and Nass, 1996). We propose that the concepts of etiquette can be expanded and used to design effective human-computer interactions, and predict human reactions to computer behaviors. In this chapter we present a well studied and influential body of work on politeness in human interactions, discuss its validity in human-computer interactions, present a “believability” metric, and provide examples of empirical experiments quantifying the implementations to show that models of etiquette are not only amendable to quantitative modeling and analysis, but can also predict human behavior in human– computer and computer mediated interactions. We briefly discuss a computational model of etiquette and a series of experiments that empirically validate this model, and conclude by discussing challenges of current models and future work.
Keywords: Computer Science, Computers, doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Höflichkeit, Kultur, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modell, Modelle/Theorien, Models of Etiquette in HCIs, Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Sprachgebrauch, Technik, Überblick, Unhöflichkeit, Volltreffer 2005
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(2005): Nonlinearity, chaos, and complexity. The dynamics of natural and social systems. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=177022
Abstract: Covering a broad range of topics, this text provides a comprehensive survey of the modelling of chaotic dynamics and complexity in the natural and social sciences. Its attention to models in both the physical and social sciences and the detailed philosophical approach make this an unique text in the midst of many current books on chaos and complexity. Part 1 deals with the mathematical model as an instrument of investigation. The general meaning of modelling and, more specifically, questions concerning linear modelling are discussed. Part 2 deals with the theme of chaos and the origin of chaotic dynamics. Part 3 deals with the theme of complexity: a property of the systems and of their models which is intermediate between stability and chaos. Including an extensive index and bibliography along with numerous examples and simplified models, this is an ideal course text.
Keywords: Adaptive Systeme, Chaos, Chaotic behavior in systems, Dynamics, Dynamique, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Komplexitätsforschung, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mathematical models, Mathematik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modèles mathématiques, Modell, Modellierung, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, Nonlinear theories, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, social systems, Soziale Ordnung, Soziale Systeme, Systemtheorie, Technik, Théories non linéaires, Überblick 1994
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(1994): Interpersonal perception. A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/guilford051/94008552.htmlKeywords: Assimilation, Concensus, Interaktion, Interaktionsanalyse, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Interpersonelle Beziehungen, Modell, Other-Perception, Reciprocity, Selbstbild, Self-Perception, Social Perception, social relations model, Soziale Beziehungen, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Sozialpsychologie, Urteilsbildung, Verhaltensanalyse, Verhaltensforschung, Wahrnehmung
1988
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Srull, Thomas K.; Wyer, Robert (Hg.) (1988): Advances in social cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
1986
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Kaminski, Gerhard; Bauer, Ursula (Hg.) (1986): Ordnung und Variabilität im Alltagsgeschehen. Göttingen: Verl. für Psychologie Hogrefe
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