Alle Publikationen
- <<
- <
- 1
2017
-
(2017): Are You Smiling, or Have I Seen You Before? Familiarity Makes Faces Look Happier. In: Psychological science 28 (8), S. 1087-1102. DOI: 10.1177/0956797617702003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28594281 Abstract: It is clear that unreinforced repetition (familiarization) influences affective responses to social stimuli, but its effects on the perception of facial emotion are unknown. Reporting the results of two experiments, we show for the first time that repeated exposure enhances the perceived happiness of facial expressions. In Experiment 1, using a paradigm in which subjects' responses were orthogonal to happiness in order to avoid response biases, we found that faces of individuals who had previously been shown were deemed happier than novel faces. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect with a rapid "happy or angry" categorization task. Using psychometric function fitting, we found that for subjects to classify a face as happy, they needed less actual happiness to be present in the face if the target was familiar than if it was novel. Critically, our results suggest that familiar faces appear happier than novel faces because familiarity selectively enhances the impact of positive stimulus features. zitiert von 3
-
(2017): Social interaction contexts bias the perceived expressions of interactants. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 567-571. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000257
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191995 Abstract: The present study sought to determine whether contextual information available when viewing social interactions from third-person perspectives may influence observers' perception of the interactants' facial emotion. Observers judged whether the expression of a target face was happy or fearful, in the presence of a happy, aggressive, or neutral interactant. In 2 experiments, the same target expressions were judged to be happier when presented in the context of a happy interactant than when interacting with a neutral or aggressive partner. We failed to show that the target expression was judged as more fearful when interacting with an aggressive partner. Importantly, observers' perception of the target expression was not modulated by the emotion of the context interactant when the interactants were presented back-to-back, suggesting that the bias depends on the presence of an intact interaction arrangement. These results provide valuable insight into how social contextual effects shape our perception of facial emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 2
2016
-
(2016): Judging Facial Emotion Expressions in Context. The Influence of Culture and Self-Construal Orientation. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 40 (1), S. 55-64. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0223-7
Abstract: The impact of social context on the judgment of emotional facial expressions as a function of self-construal and decoding rules was assessed. Eighty-seven German and 90 Greek participants rated spontaneous emotional faces shown either alone or surrounded by other faces with congruent or incongruent facial expressions. Greek participants were higher in interdependence than German participants. In line with cultural decoding rules, Greek participants rated anger expressions less intensely and sad and disgust expressions more intensely. Social context affected the ratings by both groups in different ways. In the more interdependent culture (Greece) participants perceived anger least intensely when the group showed neutral expressions, whereas sadness expressions were rated as most intense in the absence of social context. In the independent culture (Germany) a group context (others expressing anger or happiness) additionally amplified the perception of angry and happy expressions. In line with the notion that these effects are mediated by more holistic processing linked to higher interdependence, this difference disappeared when interdependence on the individual level was controlled. The findings confirm the usefulness of considering both country level and individual level factors when studying cultural differences. zitiert von 19
-
(2016): A survey of autonomous human affect detection methods for social robots engaged in natural HRI. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 82 (1), S. 101-133. DOI: 10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2 Abstract: In Human-Robot Interactions (HRI), robots should be socially intelligent. They should be able to respond appropriately to human affective and social cues in order to effectively engage in bi-directional communications. Social intelligence would allow a robot to relate to, understand, and interact and share information with people in real-world human-centered environments. This survey paper presents an encompassing review of existing automated affect recognition and classification systems for social robots engaged in various HRI settings. Human-affect detection from facial expressions, body language, voice, and physiological signals are investigated, as well as from a combination of the aforementioned modes. The automated systems are described by their corresponding robotic and HRI applications, the sensors they employ, and the feature detection techniques and affect classification strategies utilized. This paper also discusses pertinent future research directions for promoting the development of socially intelligent robots capable of recognizing, classifying and responding to human affective states during real-time HRI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: affect classification models, Affective Valence, automated affect detection, Body language, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Human Computer Interaction, human-robot interactions, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relation, multi-modal, physiological signals, physiology, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, VOICE 2015
-
(2015): The effects of culture and context on perceptions of robotic facial expressions. In: Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 16 (2), S. 272-302. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.2.11ben
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.2.11ben Abstract: We report two experimental studies of human perceptions of robotic facial expressions while systematically varying context effects and the cultural background of subjects (n = 93). Except for Fear, East Asian and Western subjects were not significantly different in recognition rates, and, while Westerners were better at judging affect from mouth movement alone, East Asians were not any better at judging affect based on eye/brow movement alone. Moreover, context effects appeared capable of over-riding such cultural differences, most notably for Fear. The results seem to run counter to previous theories of cultural differences in facial expression based on emoticons and eye fixation patterns. We connect this to broader research in cognitive science – suggesting the findings support a dynamical systems view of social cognition as an emergent phenomenon. The results here suggest that, if we can induce appropriate context effects, it may be possible to create culture-neutral models of robots and affective interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2015): Gender differences in experiential and facial reactivity to approval and disapproval during emotional social interactions. In: Frontiers in psychology 6
Abstract: Negative social evaluations represent social threats and elicit negative emotions such as anger or fear. Positive social evaluations, by contrast, may increase self-esteem and generate positive emotions such as happiness and pride. Gender differences are likely to shape both the perception and expression of positive and negative social evaluations. Yet, current knowledge is limited by a reliance on studies that used static images of individual expressers with limited external validity. Furthermore, only few studies considered gender differences on both the expresser and perceiver side. The present study approached these limitations by utilizing a naturalistic stimulus set displaying nine males and nine females (expressers) delivering social evaluative sentences to 32 female and 26 male participants (perceivers). Perceivers watched 30 positive, 30 negative, and 30 neutral messages while facial electromyography (EMG) was continuously recorded and subjective ratings were obtained. Results indicated that men expressing positive evaluations elicited stronger EMG responses in both perceiver genders. Arousal was rated higher when positive evaluations were expressed by the opposite gender. Thus, gender differences need to be more explicitly considered in research of social cognition and affective science using naturalistic social stimuli. zitiert von 5
2013
-
(2013): Emotion perception across cultures. The role of cognitive mechanisms. In: Frontiers in Psychology (Online Journal) 4
Abstract: Despite consistently documented cultural differences in the perception of facial expressions of emotion, the role of culture in shaping cognitive mechanisms that are central to emotion perception has received relatively little attention in past research. Recent developments in cross-cultural psychology are reviewed that provide particular insights into the modulatory role of culture on cognitive mechanisms involved in interpretations of facial expressions of emotion through 2 distinct routes: display rules and cognitive styles. Investigations of emotion intensity perception have demonstrated that facial expressions with varying levels of intensity of positive affect are perceived and categorized differently across cultures. Specifically, recent findings indicating significant levels of differentiation between intensity levels of facial expressions among American participants, as well as deviations from clear categorization of high and low intensity expressions among Japanese and Russian participants, suggest that display rules shape mental representations of emotions, such as intensity levels of emotion prototypes. Furthermore, a series of recent studies using eye tracking as a proxy for overt attention during face perception have identified culture-specific cognitive styles, such as the propensity to attend to very specific features of the face. Together, these results suggest a cascade of cultural influences on cognitive mechanisms involved in interpretations of facial expressions of emotion, whereby cultures impart specific behavioral practices that shape the way individuals process information from the environment. These cultural influences lead to differences in cognitive styles due to culture-specific attentional biases and emotion prototypes, which partially account for the gradient of cultural agreements and disagreements obtained in past investigations of emotion perception. zitiert von 31
-
(2013): Why are you looking like that? How the context influences evaluation and processing of human faces. In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 8 (4), S. 438-445. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287265 Abstract: Perception and evaluation of facial expressions are known to be heavily modulated by emotional features of contextual information. Such contextual effects, however, might also be driven by non-emotional aspects of contextual information, an interaction of emotional and non-emotional factors, and by the observers' inherent traits. Therefore, we sought to assess whether contextual information about self-reference in addition to information about valence influences the evaluation and neural processing of neutral faces. Furthermore, we investigated whether social anxiety moderates these effects. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants viewed neutral facial expressions preceded by a contextual sentence conveying either positive or negative evaluations about the participant or about somebody else. Contextual influences were reflected in rating and fMRI measures, with strong effects of self-reference on brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and right fusiform gyrus. Additionally, social anxiety strongly affected the response to faces conveying negative, self-related evaluations as revealed by the participants' rating patterns and brain activity in cortical midline structures and regions of interest in the left and right middle frontal gyrus. These results suggest that face perception and processing are highly individual processes influenced by emotional and non-emotional aspects of contextual information and further modulated by individual personality traits. zitiert von 56
Keywords: Affective Valence, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Brain/physiology, Cerebral Blood Flow, Context, Emotions/physiology, Face Perception, Face/physiology, Facial Expression, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Female, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fusiform Gyrus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Male, Neuroanatomy, Neurowissenschaften, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Perception/physiology, Personality Traits, Photic Stimulation/methods, Self Reference, social anxiety -
(2013): Cross-cultural perspectives on emotion expressive humanoid robotic head: Recognition of facial expressions and symbols. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 5 (4), S. 515-527. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0213-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0213-z Abstract: Emotion display through facial expressions is an important channel of communication. However, between humans there are differences in the way a meaning to facial cues is assigned, depending on the background culture. This leads to a gap in recognition rates of expressions: this problem is present when displaying a robotic face too, as a robot’s facial expression recognition is often hampered by a cultural divide, and poor scores of recognition rate may lead to poor acceptance and interaction. It would be desirable if robots could switch their output facial configuration flexibly, adapting to different cultural backgrounds. To achieve this, we made a generation system that produces facial expressions and applied it to the 24 degrees of freedom head of the humanoid social robot KOBIAN-R, and thanks to the work of illustrators and cartoonists, the system can generate two versions of the same expression, in order to be easily recognisable by both Japanese and Western subjects. As a tool for making recognition easier, the display of Japanese comic symbols on the robotic face has also been introduced and evaluated. In this work, we conducted a cross-cultural study aimed at assessing this gap in recognition and finding solutions for it. The investigation was extended to Egyptian subjects too, as a sample of another different culture. Results confirmed the differences in recognition rates, the effectiveness of customising expressions, and the usefulness of symbols display, thereby suggesting that this approach might be valuable for robots that in the future will interact in a multicultural environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2012
-
(2012) : Appropriate emotions for facial expressions of 33-DOFs android head EveR-4 H33: 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: IEEE, S. 1115-1120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343898 Abstract: There are many theories about basic emotions, and we do not know which emotions are appropriate to use. Also, faces of robots are designed differently and require different ways to embody emotional expressions. Therefore, in this paper we address the appropriate emotions for facial expressions of EveR-4 H33, which is controlled by thirty-three motors for head system. EveR-4 H33 displays her facial expressions for certain emotions selected from typical basic emotion theories. Then, audiences at an exhibition evaluate her facial expressions, by enjoying a game of emotional correction. We analyze the results of the game, and decide appropriate emotions for EveR-4 H33.
-
(2012): Emotion and the construal of social situations. Inferences of cooperation versus competition from expressions of anger, happiness, and disappointment. In: Cognition & emotion 26 (3), S. 442-461. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2011.648174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.648174 Abstract: The notion that emotional expressions regulate social life by providing information is gaining popularity. Prior research on the effects of emotional expressions on observers' inferential processes has focused mostly on inferences regarding the personality traits of the expresser, such as dominance and affiliation. We extend this line of research by exploring the possibility that emotional expressions shape observers' construal of social situations. Across three vignette studies, an interaction partner's expressions of anger, compared to expressions of happiness or disappointment, led observers to construe hypothetical situations as less cooperative, both in dyads and groups. These effects occurred even when factual information regarding the cooperativeness or competitiveness of the situation was provided, attesting to the power of emotional expressions in shaping the construal of social situations. Results are discussed in relation to appraisal theory, reverse appraisals, emotions as social information theory, and the emergence of cooperation in groups and cultures. ztiert von 58
2010
-
(2010): Ethnomethodology and the moral accountability of interaction. Navigating the conceptual terrain of ‘face’ and face-work. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2147-2157. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.019 Abstract: Ethnomethodology investigates the mundane, practical work of society's members’ sense-making practices and how they reproduce social–moral orders. It also reminds us that ‘face’ and face-work are overarching social science concepts which assist social scientists in doing their descriptive work. This paper outlines aspects of ethnomethodology's contribution to the study of ‘face’ and the doing of face-work in terms of an interactional accomplishment. While this occupied Goffman, he did not use detailed data of the kind this paper uses—that is, audio/video recordings and subsequent detailed transcriptions of members’ everyday naturally occurring interaction. The paper will reproduce one strip of interaction drawn from a wider ethnographic study of senior organizational members doing their strategy work across time and space. The analytical interest is focused on just two aspects: one is Garfinkel's notion of the moral accountability of action, and the second draws o n Sacks’ seminal work on membership categorization devices. The latter brings to our attention the predicates or ‘rights and obligations’ pertaining to categories. Moreover, when a breach is discerned on this front, then emotional displays are skillfully warranted as the excerpt indicates. Examining members interactional accomplishment of such phenomena as proposed here will be shown to add further empirical and theoretical texture/insight to Goffman's concept of face and face-work, or, as is proposed here, the moral accountability of interaction constituting social–moral order(s) or ‘society’. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 30
2006
-
(2006): Decoding speech prosody in five languages. In: Semiotica (158). DOI: 10.1515/SEM.2006.017
Abstract: Twenty English-speaking listeners judged the emotive intent of utterances spoken by male and female speakers of English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Tagalog. The verbal content of utterances was neutral but prosodic elements conveyed each of four emotions: joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Identification accuracy was above chance performance levels for all emotions in all languages. Across languages, sadness and anger were more accurately recognized than joy and fear. Listeners showed an in-group advantage for decoding emotional prosody, with highest recognition rates for English utterances and lowest recognition rates for Japanese and Chinese utterances. Acoustic properties of stimuli were correlated with the intended emotion expressed. Our results support the view that emotional prosody is decoded by a combination of universal and culture-specific cues.
- <<
- <
- 1