Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Studying social change, culture, and human development. A theoretical framework and methodological guidelines. In: Developmental Review, S. 16-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.003
Abstract: In a time of massive social change around the world, a major goal of the present article is to provide interdisciplinary methods for studying social change, culture, and human development and an interdisciplinary theory that can serve as a framework for this research (Greenfield, 2009, 2016). The purpose is to provide developmental researchers with useful theoretical and methodological guidelines to study human development in changing sociodemographic and cultural contexts. Examples of two types of research design for studying social change are presented: Diachronic, in which data are gathered at different points in time; and synchronic, in which all data are gathered at the same point in time. While research designs and techniques vary, the findings that are summarized provide strong support for Greenfield's interdisciplinary theory of social change and human development. One take-away is that researchers should avoid methodocentrism: a strong theoretical framework can be tested, supported, and enhanced using a variety of methods and methodologies. In addition to research designs, the article describes and analyzes data gathering techniques that can be used with participants across the whole sociodemographic spectrum of educational levels, technology experience, agricultural or commercial economy, and rural or urban residence. These techniques are equally useful for both cross-cultural comparison and the study of social change. The article concludes by comparing the WEIRD conceptualization (Henrich, Heine, & Norazayan, 2010) with the theory of social change and human development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): How do social norms influence prosocial development?. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 20, S. 87-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.011
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28858771 Abstract: Humans are both highly prosocial and extremely sensitive to social norms, and some theories suggest that norms are necessary to account for uniquely human forms of prosocial behavior and cooperation. Understanding how norms influence prosocial behavior is thus essential if we are to describe the psychology and development of prosocial behavior. In this article I review recent research from across the social sciences that provides (1) a theoretical model of how norms influence prosocial behavior, (2) empirical support for the model based on studies with adults and children, and (3) predictions about the psychological mechanisms through which norms shape prosocial behavior. I conclude by discussing the need for future studies into how prosocial behavior develops through emerging interactions between culturally varying norms, social cognition, emotions, and potentially genes. zitiert von 4
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Stein, Roland; Müller, Thomas (Hg.) (2018): Inklusion in Schule und Gesellschaft. Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. 2., erweiterte und überarbeitete Auflage. Stuttgart; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, Verlag W. Kohlhammer (Inklusion in Schule und Gesellschaft)
Abstract: Der Umgang mit Verhaltensstörungen bildet einen der Brennpunkte der Schulentwicklung in den nächsten Jahren und eine Herausforderung für die Inklusion. Verhaltensstörungen sind nicht nur verbreitet und vielfältig, sie stellen die Lehrkräfte auch vor erhebliche Probleme. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird zunächst ein exaktes Bild der gegenwärtigen schulischen Situation in diesem Förderschwerpunkt gezeichnet. Im Anschluss werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungs- und Leitlinien zusammen mit den sich heute abzeichnenden Zukunftsperspektiven in diesem Feld herausgearbeitet. Des Weiteren werden wirksame Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf spezifische Auffälligkeiten im Verhalten und Erleben und die Organisationsformen inklusiver Förderung thematisiert. Der Bogen wird dabei von der schulischen Prävention bis zur intensiven Intervention gespannt. - Inhalt: (1) Roland Stein und Thomas Müller: Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung - zur Einleitung. (2) Marc Willmann: Zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der schulischen Erziehungshilfe. (3) Roland Stein und Stephan Ellinger: Zwischen Separation und Inklusion: zum Forschungsstand im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. (4) Thomas Hennemann, Heinrich Ricking und Christian Huber: Organisationsformen inklusiver Förderung im Bereich emotional-sozialer Entwicklung. (5) Birgit Herz und David Zimmermann: Beziehung statt Erziehung? Psychoanalytische Perspektiven auf pädagogische Herausforderungen in der Praxis mit emotional-sozial belasteten Heranwachsenden. (6) Clemens Hillenbrand: Evidenzbasierte Praxis im Förderschwerpunkt emotional-soziale Entwicklung. (7) Thomas Müller und Roland Stein: Erziehung im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. (8) Thomas Müller und Roland Stein: Schulische Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung - quo vadis?
2017
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(2017) : Culture, Brain, and Behavior In: Tibayrenc, Michel; Ayala, Francisco José (Hg.): On human nature: Biology, psychology, ethics, politics, and religion: Amsterdam; Boston; Heidelberg; London; New York; Oxford; Paris; San Diego; San Francisco; Singapore; Sydney; Tokio: Academic Press an imprint of Elsevier, S. 579-597
Abstract: This chapter discusses the reciprocal development of genes, brain, and culture in shaping significant aspects of social and political behavior. The interaction between biology and culture is mutually reciprocal and intertwined. Processes of neural plasticity allow cultural practices to inform brain development in a profoundly social context just as human imagination and invention can shift cultural practices over time. This chapter outlines work that has examined these interconnections and ways in which future research might study developmental effects to enlighten our understanding of important social and political phenomena, including the emergence and manifestation of mental illness and political polarization.
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(2017) : Entwicklung des moralischen Urteils und der moralischen Motivation In: Sautermeister, Jochen; Ethik, Münchner Kompetenz Zentrum (Hg.): Moralpsychologie: Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven: Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag (Ethik im Diskurs), S. 108-124
Abstract: Die Entwicklung des moralischen Urteils und der moralischen Motivation wird zusammenfassend dargestellt. Im Einzelnen betreffen die Ausführungen folgende Aspekte: das kindliche Moralverständnis, moralisches Wissen, moralische Motivation, auf die Moral bezogene Lernprozesse, die Entwicklung moralischer Motivation, die Entwicklung kognitiver Strukturen, die soziokognitive Strukturentwicklung, das Zusammenspiel von Motivation und Urteil (moralische Sensibilität, moralische Haltung), moralpsychologische Forschungsdesiderate. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass nach der neueren Forschung Kohlbergs Theorie Dimensionen bündelt, die unabhängig voneinander variieren können - moralisches Wissen und moralische Motivation, Entwicklung kognitiver und soziokognitiver Denkstrukturen, bereichsspezifische Wissenssysteme. Bereits Kinder wissen früh um die kategorische Sollgeltung moralischer Normen. Moralische Motivation, ein intrinsisches, formal-urteilbezogenes "second-order desire", entwickelt sich aber erst verzögert. Sie nimmt dann im Durchschnitt stetig zu, wobei allerdings individuelle Verläufe - auch in Abhängigkeit von der Identifikation mit herrschenden Geschlechtsstereotypen - erheblich variieren. Differenzierte moralische Urteilsbildung erfordert die Entwicklung kognitiver und soziokognitiver Strukturen sowie die Bereitschaft zu moralischem Selbstmanagement, also die Bereitschaft, automatisch und unbewusst ablaufende Prozesse vorurteilsgesteuerter Wahrnehmung durch bewusst eingesetzte Gegenstrategien zu kontrollieren.
Keywords: Childhood Development, Development, Judgment, Moral, Moral Development, Morality, Motivation, Social Cognition -
Sautermeister, Jochen; Ethik, Münchner Kompetenz Zentrum (Hg.) (2017): Moralpsychologie. Transdisziplinäre Perspektiven. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag (Ethik im Diskurs)
Keywords: Development -
(2017): Developing minority leaders. Key success factors of Asian Americans. In: Asian American Journal of Psychology 8 (2), S. 142-155
Abstract: Traditional leadership programs may not address the unique developmental needs of ethnic minorities. Whereas traditional leadership development is based on the assumptions, values, and behaviors of the Western mainstream ideals, our research uses a culture-specific approach to understand the unique needs of ethnic minority leaders, namely, Asian Americans. We focus on Asian Americans because they are least represented in U.S. management ranks, despite having the most education, training, and work experience. Our central research question is 'What are the key success factors of Asian American leaders?' Qualitative interviews with 39 key informants (of East Asian descent, and 2 non-Asian Americans), ranging from middle managers to CEOs, at Fortune 500 companies, representing a variety of industries (accounting, aerospace, banking, digital imaging, energy, entertainment, food service, health care, medical, retail, technology, and telecommunication) identified 8 key success factors (i.e., qualities that promote upward mobility in the management hierarchy): cultural acumen, rules of success, leadership branding, communication, social decorum, leadership aspiration, career determinism, and cultural inclusion. Each success factor was defined, along with identification of its key issues, causes, consequences, and actions taken for cultivating the success factors. Results offer guidance for individual leadership development and for organizations to develop culture-specific leadership interventions that complement current mainstream training approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) What is the public significance of this article?—First of its kind qualitative study with 39 executives (middle managers to CEOs) identified 8 key success factors of Asian American leaders (i.e., qualities that promote upward mobility): cultural acumen, rules of success, leadership branding, communication, social decorum, leadership aspiration, career determinism, and cultural inclusion. Results offer guidance for individual leadership development and for organizations to develop culture-specific leadership interventions that complement current mainstream training approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Computational models of development, social influences. In: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 7, S. 95-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.12.008
Abstract: In the article we argue that past Bayesian approaches that model children's learning from data are missing an important element—the role of other people in generating that data. We propose that children take the origin of data into account when learning, which can be understood through ideal observer analyses of the social situation. Moreover, when observing evidence, children are not just learning from others, but also about others. We review recent literature suggesting that children can make inferences about the knowledge and goals of the individual selecting the data and use this knowledge to bolster learning from this evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 4
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(2016): Ich, Du, wir und alle anderen. Soziale Entwicklung als moralische Entwicklung. In: P & E 42 (2), S. 10-16
Abstract: Ein kurzer Einblick in zentrale Aspekte der moralischen Entwicklung im Kindesalter und Jugendalter wird gegeben. Nach einer Definition von Moral und Moralitat in einem entwicklungspsychologischen Kontext werden vier Facetten der Entwicklung des Selbst in sozialen Beziehungen skizziert: moralisches Urteil, soziale Perspektivenubernahme, moralische Konzepte und moralische Emotionen. Anhand der kognitiven und emotionalen Moralentwicklung werden verschiedene Herausforderungen beim Erschliessen von Sinn aus sozialen und spezifisch aus moralischen Situationen verdeutlicht.
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(2016): Assessing early childhood social and emotional development. Key conceptual and measurement issues. In: Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 45, S. 42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.008 Abstract: This concluding paper takes stock of key issues that have emerged across the papers of this special issue on measuring early childhood social and emotional development, as well as in the broader literature anchoring these papers. While we include separate sections focusing on conceptual and measurement issues, it quickly becomes clear that the two are intertwined. The field lacks conceptual and definitional clarity, thus hindering our understanding of the focus and utility of specific measures. Indeed, our overarching conclusion is that the greatest progress will be made when measures of young children's social and emotional development are clearly mapped onto an agreed upon conceptual framework that both distinguishes social and emotional development from other broad domains (such as cognitive development), and includes carefully delineated and defined subdomains (broad areas within social and emotional development, such as emotional competence), constructs (specific aspects within subdomains, such as emotion knowledge), and corresponding behaviors. zitiert von 12
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(2016) : Moral Emotions ☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier, S. 644-649
Abstract: This article reviews current theory and research on moral emotions with a particular focus on the development of moral emotions in childhood and adolescence. The development of moral emotions is central to theories and research on morality and social-emotional development. After providing definitions and outlining a key theoretical model of moral emotions, the major studies addressing the development of the various moral emotions, as well as the relations to human social behavior such as aggression and prosociality, are reviewed. Finally, educational practices aimed at enhancing the development of moral emotions are highlighted and examples of best-practice approaches are reviewed.
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(2016): Wie du mir, so ich dir? Die Entwicklung von prosozialem Verhalten und der Zusammenhang mit externalisierenden und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten. In: Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 44 (1), S. 31-38. DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000396
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864225 Abstract: Supporting other human beings is a fundamental aspect of human societies. Such so-called prosocial behavior is expressed in helping others, cooperating and sharing with them. This article gives an overview both of the development of prosocial behavior across childhood and of the relationship between prosociality and externalizing and internalizing problems. Especially externalizing problems are negatively associated with prosocial behavior, whereas the relationships with prosocial behavior are more heterogeneous for internalizing problems. Studies investigating developmental trajectories demonstrate that prosocial behavior and externalizing problems are not opposite ends of a continuum. Rather, they are two independent dimensions that may also co-occur in development. The same applies to internalizing problems, which can co-occur with pronounced prosociality as well as with low prosociality.
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(2016): Co-development of personality and friendships across the lifespan. An empirical review on selection and socialization. In: European Psychologist 21 (4), S. 254-273
Abstract: Changes in the co-development of personality characteristics and friendships across the lifespan are examined. How personality traits shape friendship development (i.e., selection effects) and how friendships shape personality traits (i.e., socialization effects) is adressed. By integrating separate empirical studies, The authors look at how selection and socialization effects change across the lifespan. A review of longitudinal research supports the hypothesis that selection effects on friendships intensify during adolescence, peak in young adulthood, and diminish throughout middle and late adulthood. Socialization effects through friendships seem to be moderately sized during adolescence, then small to negligible from young adulthood onwards. For future directions, effects of the transactional development of friendships and personality regarding associated dispositions within individuals, associated individuals within friendship dyads, and individuals associated within wider social networks are discussed. zitiert von 11
2015
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(2015): Empathy development in adolescence predicts social competencies in adulthood. In: Journal of personality 83 (2), S. 229-241. DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12098
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24684661 Abstract: This 23-year study explored the predictive associations between empathy development in adolescence and self-reported social competencies and outcomes in adulthood. Participants were 1,527 adults aged 35 years (48.3% female). The predictor variable (adolescent empathy) was measured yearly at the ages of 12 to 16 years. The outcome variables (adult empathy, communication skills, social integration, relationship satisfaction, and conflicts in relationships) were measured at the age of 35 years. Five important results stand out. First, longitudinal measurement invariance was established for the measure of adolescent empathy. Second, empathy tended to increase during the adolescent years. Third, significant interindividual differences in level and change of adolescent empathy were found. Fourth, gender was related to level of adolescent empathy, favoring girls over boys. Fifth, not only level but also change in adolescent empathy predicted individual differences in social competencies in adulthood two decades later. These findings demonstrate that developmental processes that are relevant for adjustment reveal long-term social consequences beyond the adolescent years. zitiert von 60
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(2015): Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation. In: Interaction Studies 16 (3), S. 383-418. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.3.03ami
Abstract: Reviews the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of intercultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behavior. Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. The authors confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may have emerged and provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation. zitiert von 4
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(2015): The evolution and development of human cooperation. In: Interaction Studies 16 (3), S. 383-418
Abstract: Reviews the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of intercultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behavior. Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. The authors confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may have emerged and provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation.
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(2015) : Moral Reasoning in Psychology In: Wright, James D.: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition): Oxford: Elsevier, S. 803-805
Abstract: Developmental research has focused on reasoning about right and wrong in social relationships. Piaget and Kohlberg each proposed sequences in which children first develop moral judgments that are confused with nonmoral features, such as adherence to social conventions, and then judgments differentiating them from each other. However, subsequent research shows that young children form concepts in the moral domain with understandings of welfare and fairness, differing from judgments about social conventions. Moral decisions entail coordination of different concerns – moral and nonmoral – in situational contexts. Individuals critically apply moral judgments to cultural practices entailing social inequalities.
2012
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(2012): Social development, social inequalities, and social justice. Hove: Psychology (Jean Piaget Symposia series)
Abstract: This volume considers previously separate bodies of research on social justice, social equality, and social development. Eminent scholars from a variety of disciplines discuss the latest research to help us understand the relation between social inequalities and social development. In so doing, the book documents the powerful ways that social inequalities frame development and explores the conflicts that arise in the context of these inequalities. It illustrates how people around the world make judgments about these conditions and how they resist or change the practices they deem unjust. By bringing together these perspectives, the editors hope to demonstrate how understanding social development carries with it the possibility of change and social justice. The book considers processes of social development. It examines Piaget's ideas about morality and relates them to children's thinking about social rights. An interdisciplinary review of research from developmental, social, and health psychology, social policy, anthropology, and philosophy, follows this introduction. Each contributor examines the historical, developmental, and social processes that influence beliefs regarding social justice and equality and the consequences of living in conditions of injustice. The book considers: • Inequalities in educational and health care opportunities. • Unequal rights and harassment and their effects on minorities. • The hardships and inequalities encountered by women. Intended for researchers and advanced students in developmental, social, cultural, and health psychology, policy, anthropology, and philosophy interested in a world that is socially just. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 19
2011
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(2011): Development, social norms, and assignment to task. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1084, S. 21308-21315. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019457108
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22198757 Abstract: Economic development involves a structural transformation in the way people are allocated to tasks. There is a shift from self-provision to market exchange, facilitating specialization. There is also a shift from self-employment to wage employment in large firms and organizations, driven by innovation and increasing returns to scale. Changes in allocation mechanisms require changes in norms and attitudes. Because different labor assignment domains coexist, conflicts arise among norms that apply to different domains, possibly resulting in dysfunctional outcomes. I argue that religion, humanism, and schools have all played an important historical role in fostering the changes in social norms and attitudes that are needed to accompany structural changes in the way economies allocate workers to tasks. zitiert von 30
2007
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(2007): Familiale Kontexte und sozial-emotionale Entwicklung. In: KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 16 (4), S. 199-208. DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403.16.4.199
Abstract: The various behavioral domains of childhood social development and the most prominent domains in the socialization process are summarized, i.e., significant characteristics of immediate family members, social and societal environment, attachment behavior, parenting behavior, and couple relationship qualities. For each domain, a short state-of-the-art overview is provided, and significant relationships with the social development of children are described. It is concluded that a description of possible developmental processes calls for multivariate longitudinal studies modeling the interplay of the various domains over time, as well as the study of possible relationships or overlap between concepts in various domains, e.g., sensitivity in the domain of attachment and parenting behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 89
1998
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(1998) : Entwicklung sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen In: Zollinger, Barbara: Kinder im Vorschulalter. Erkenntnisse, Beobachtungen und Ideen zur Welt der Drei- bis Siebenjährigen.: Bern, Schweiz: Haupt Verlag AG
Abstract: Es wird im Uberblick und unter Heranziehung von ausgewahlten Ergebnissen aus einem eigenen Pilotprojekt informiert uber die Entwicklung sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen im Vorschulalter. Dabei wird auf die folgenden Aspekte eingegangen: (1) sprachliche Kommunikation im Vorschulalter, (2) sozial-kognitive Entwicklungsschritte (Egozentrismus und soziale Perspektivenubernahme, Entstehung von Freundschaften, Entwicklung empathischer Verhaltensweisen), (3) soziale Kommunikation im Rollenspiel (Merkmale und Funktion des Rollenspiels, Skripts, Gestaltung der Kommunikation, Metakommunikation, Rollensprache, Sprachverstandnis im Rollenspiel). zitiert von 26
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