Alle Publikationen
2012
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(2012) : A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training In: Society for Computer Simulation International: Proceedings of the 2007 Summer Computer Simulation Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation: San Diego, CA: Society for Computer Simulation International, S. 809-846
Abstract: Computational models and simulations of culture-specific social interactions are useful for a variety of applications including training, interaction or perception prediction and interpretation and even the design of machines and systems which will interact verbally with members of different cultures. To date, such models have been achieved via the scripting of specific trajectories of behaviors or, in limited instances, through very complex, “first principles” psychological models of agent motivation and goal-based behaviors. Neither of these is entirely appropriate for the production of a large series of rich and deep social interactions. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. We have recently demonstrated the ability for this algorithm to produce culture-specific, politeness-appropriate utterances and perceptions of utterances in a game setting. Furthermore, our algorithmic approach to calculating culturespecific attitudes offered distinct advantages over alternate methods of producing such behaviors. Not only was it possible to more rapidly amass a much larger set of alternate trajectories through an interaction setting, but it was also possible to “swap” alternate sets of cultural knowledge to enable giving an agent alternate cultural perceptions with great ease.
Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etikette-Engine, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Höflichkeit, Human-Computer Etiquette, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Miller, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Soziosensitive Systeme, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, Unhöflichkeit, Volltreffer -
(2012): Building bridges across cognitive sciences across the world. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, Tex.: Cognitive Science Soc. Online verfügbar unter https://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2012/papers/0145/paper0145.pdf
Abstract: People seamlessly generate moral intuitions about a wide range of events they observe, but to date the cognitive processes underlying this competency are poorly understood. We propose that our moral intuitions are grounded in force-dynamic intuitions. We show how the evaluation of entities engaged in schematized interactions can be predicted from specific force-dynamic properties of those interactions, and we point out how these evaluative tendencies relate to our moral norm of not interfering with others' interests. zitiert von: 6
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(2012): Intelligent Virtual Agents. 12th International Conference, IVA 2012, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, September, 12-14, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8
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(2012) : Children’s adaptation in multi-session interaction with a humanoid robot: 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: IEEE, S. 351-357
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343778 Abstract: This work presents preliminary observations from a study of children (N=19, age 5-12) interacting in multiple sessions with a humanoid robot in a scenario involving game activities. The main purpose of the study was to see how their perception of the robot, their engagement, and their enjoyment of the robot as a companion evolve across multiple interactions, separated by one-two weeks. However, an interesting phenomenon was observed during the experiment: most of the children soon adapted to the behaviors of the robot, in terms of speech timing, speed and tone, verbal input formulation, nodding, gestures, etc. We describe the experimental setup and the system, and our observations and preliminary analysis results, which open interesting questions for further research.
Keywords: children adaptation, game activities, Game Theory, Games, Gestures, Humanoid Robot, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, Humans, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, medical robotics, multisession interaction, nodding, speech, speech timing, speed-and-tone, Syntactics, timing, verbal input formulation -
(2012): Being Oneself in Another. Recognition and the Culturalist Deformation of Identity. In: Inquiry 55 (2), S. 148-170. DOI: 10.1080/0020174X.2012.661579
Abstract: Nancy Fraser raises serious doubts about the critical potential of identity theories of recognition on the ground that they encourage the reduction of personal identity to cultural identity. Based on a comparative analysis of Charles Taylor's and Axel Honneth's theories of recognition, this paper argues that Fraser's critique is justified with respect to some aspects of Taylor's theory of identity, but not with respect to his conception of recognition, or to Honneth's conception of both identity and recognition. Taylor's theory of identity recognition is vulnerable to Fraser's critique because under certain conditions of pathological socialization it cannot prevent the normative subordination of strong evaluation to whatever dominant goods are acquired through acculturation. Honneth's theory of identity recognition overcomes this normative weakness in three ways. First, Honneth differentiates between three types of self-relation that cannot be reduced to cultural identity. Second, he operates with a mixed, attributive-responsive model of recognition that normatively underwrites all these types of self-relation. Third, he makes the condition of reciprocity in recognition the criterion for successful self-realization that enables one to distinguish between misrecognition and non-normative experiences of human suffering
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(2012) : A complementing approach for identifying ethical issues in care robotics - grounding ethics in practical use: 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: IEEE, S. 797-802
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343849 Abstract: We use a long-term study of a robotic eating-aid for disabled users to illustrate how empirical use give rise to a set of ethical issues that might be overlooked in ethic discussions based on theoretical extrapolation of the current state-of-the-art in robotics. This approach provides an important complement to the existing robot ethics by revealing new issues as well as providing actionable guidance for current and future robot design. We discuss our material in relation to the literature on robot ethics, specifically the risk of robots performing care taking tasks and thus causing increased isolation for care recipients. Our data identifies a different set of ethical issues such as independence, privacy, and identity where robotics, if carefully designed and developed, can make positive contributions.
Keywords: actionable guidance, care robotics, Cleaning, Data privacy, ethic discussions, ethical aspects, ethical issue identification, Ethics, extrapolation, Feeds, grounding ethics, handicapped aids, human-robot interaction, Humans, identity issue, ieee xplore, independence issue, Moral & Ethik, Patient Care, privacy issue, robot design, Robot sensing systems, robotic eating-aid, Senior citizens, theoretical extrapolation -
(2012): Designing for social change. Strategies for community-based graphic design. 1st ed.. New York, N.Y: Princeton Architectural Press
Abstract: This newest title in the design briefs series is a compact, hands-on guide for graphic design professionals who want to start helping communities and effectuating social change in the world. Author Andrew Shea presents ten strategies for successful community engagement, grounding each one in two real world case studies. The twenty projects featured in the book are by both design professionals and students and range from creating a map of services for the homeless community in Santa Monica, helping Chicago's Humboldt Park community by designing a website where donors can buy essential items for community members, to encouraging LA's Latina community to go for an annual PAP exam in an attempt to prevent cervical cancer through carefully designed posters, murals, and other material. Designing for Social Change is both an inspiration and a how-to book that encourages graphic designers everywhere to go out and do good with their work, providing them with the tools to complete successful projects in their communities.
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(2012) : Indecorum. Die unhöfliche Pararhetorik berühmter Philosophen In: Beetz, Manfred: Rhetorik und Höflichkeit: Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, S. 11-25
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(2012) : Captain may I? Proxemics study examining factors that influence distance between humanoid robots, children, and adults, during human-robot interaction: 2012 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Boston, MA: IEEE, S. 203-204
Abstract: This proxemics study examines whether the physical distance between robots and humans differ based on the following factors: 1) age: children vs. adults, 2) who initiates the approach: humans approaching the robot vs. robot approaching humans, 3) prompting: verbal invitation vs. non-verbal gesture (e.g., beckoning), and 4) informing: announcement vs. permission vs. nothing. Results showed that both verbal and non-verbal prompting had significant influence on physical distance. Physiological data is also used to detect the appropriate timing of approach for a more natural and comfortable interaction.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, Humans, ieee xplore, image sensors, Measurement, nonverbal gesture, Pediatrics, physiological data, physiology, proxemics study, Robot sensing systems, robot vision, USA Councils, verbal invitation, Young Children -
(2012): Brief psycho-social training and Self-competence, Social Self-efficacy, Sense of Coherence among Slovak University students. In: PSYCHOLOGY 27, S. 296-297
Abstract: [-]
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(2012): Concealing to reveal: The informational role of Islamic dress. In: Rationality and Society 24 (3), S. 295-323. DOI: 10.1177/1043463112440683
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463112440683 Abstract: After the resurgence of headscarves throughout the Muslim world, some women adopted ‘more fundamentalist’ clothing styles, such as full-face veils, or began pietistic social movements. What explains this escalation and increasing diversity of Islamic dress and behavior? This paper analyzes how the spread of headscarves and Islamic dress since the 1970s undermined it as a signal of piety, which is a valuable yet hidden characteristic in many social interactions. As less pious women adopted the headscarf for myriad reasons, pious women adopted increasingly conservative dress and behavior to credibly signal their piety to uninformed observers and improve their marriage prospects. The spread of ‘fundamentalist’ behaviors does not necessarily imply a societal shift in piety, ideology, or support for political Islamists.
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(2012): Minimal Cooperation. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 44 (1), S. 45-73. DOI: 10.1177/0048393112457428
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(2012): System der Ethik mit einem Umriss der Staats- und Gesellschaftslehre. 1. Aufl.. Paderborn: Salzwasser VerlagKeywords: Begriffsanalyse, Disziplin, Ethik, Höflichkeit, Klassiker, Moral, Moralphilosophie, Philosophie, Soziale Angemessenheit
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(2012): Between Homo Sociologicus and Homo Biologicus. The Reflexive Self in the Age of Social Neuroscience. In: Science & Education 21 (10), S. 1507-1526. DOI: 10.1007/s11191-012-9447-7
Abstract: The social sciences rely on assumptions of a unified self for their explanatory logics. Recent work in the new multidisciplinary field of social neuroscience challenges precisely this unproblematic character of the subjective self as basic, well-defined entity. If disciplinary self-insulation is deemed unacceptable, the philosophical challenge arises of systematically bringing together neurological, psychological, sociological, and anthropological dimensions of analysis in one framework such as dynamic systems theory; and of finding bridging concepts such as memory, social cognition, and cultural scripts that can facilitate the cross disciplinary study of the reflexive self. Relying on the systemic philosophy of science developed by Mario Bunge, this paper takes some steps in this direction.
Keywords: Cognition, cultural scripts, Culture, dynamic systems theory, History and Philosophy of Science, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Konstruktion des Selbst, Mario Bunge, MEMORY, Modelle/Theorien, SCIENCE, PSYCHOLOGY, script, SELVES, Social Cognition, soziale Kognition, STRANGE BEDFELLOWS, subjective self -
(2012): Männer - das benachteiligte Geschlecht? Weiblichkeitsabwehr und Antifeminismus im Diskurs über die Krise der Männlichkeit. In: Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik, 48 (3), S. 296-324, zuletzt geprüft am 30.05.2018
Abstract: Überlegungen zum aktuellen "Diskurs über die Krise der Männlichkeit" werden angestellt. Dabei wird die Ansicht vertreten, dass die verbreiteten Klagen über die "Krise der Männer", die "benachteiligten Jungen" und die "entsorgten Väter" verkennen, dass Männlichkeit in männlich dominierten Kulturen und Gesellschaften grundsätzlich ein fragiles und krisenhaftes Konstrukt ist und dass die von diesem anklagenden Krisengerede bestimmten Diskurse eine rückwärtsgewandte Reaktion auf die marktradikale Verschärfung des gesellschaftlichen Krisengeländes darstellen, die immer wieder mit misogynen Schuldzuweisungen verbunden werden. Das lasse sich insbesondere an den von antifeministischen Affekten aufgeladenen Positionen radikaler Männer- und Väterrechtler nachweisen. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Überlagerung gesellschaftlicher und geschlechtlicher Ungleichheitslagen schrumpfe bei ihnen auf das manichäistische, die Welt der Geschlechterbeziehungen in "gut" und "böse" aufteilende Bild eines die Männer beherrschenden und diffamierenden "Feminats" zusammen. Die Schuld für die männliche Misere und das Leid der Jungen projektiv bei den Frauen und ihrem angeblich schädlichen Einfluss auf die Mannwerdung zu suchen, verstärke dabei die ohnehin verbreitete Weiblichkeitsabwehr. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die daran entzündete selbsternannte "Männerbewegung" als antifeminine und antifeministische Gegenbewegung im Rahmen einer allgemeinen Remaskulinisierung der Gesellschaft interpretiert. Gerade ihr auf die Suche nach dem ,,Wesen des Mannes" fixierter Essentialismus finde bis in wissenschaftliche Kreise Anklang und Unterstützung (Hirnforschung, Sozialisationstheorie, Pädagogik, Psychoanalyse). zitiert von 14
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(2012): Social Dominance. An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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(2012): Rolle, Status, Erwartungen und soziale Gruppe. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
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Rasmussen, Gitte (2012): Evaluating cognitive competences in interaction. Amsterdam: Benjamins (Pragmatics & beyond)
Abstract: Evaluation is a part of everyday life. Competences, knowledge and skills are assessed in ordinary as well as in institutional settings like hospitals, clinics and schools. This volume investigates how evaluations are being carried out interactionally. More specifically, it explores how people evaluate each others' cognitive competences as they deal with each others' understandings, knowings, feelings, doings, hearings and learnings face-to-face. The contributions focus on different evaluation activities in a variety of Institutional settings in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Holland and the United States of America. All the contributions approach the theme by use of Ethnomethodology (EM) and/or Conversation Analysis (CA). Thus, the analytic interests concern how participants organize activities of evaluating cognitive competences by means of recognizable interactional methods. This approach differs from other approaches and research interests within cognitive science as it con centrate s on how people in interaction orient towards cognitive competence irrespective of scientific theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
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(2012): Perception of social participation in borderline personality disorder. In: Clinical psychology & psychotherapy 19 (6), S. 473-480. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.772
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076727 Abstract: Interpersonal dysfunction is a key feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Distorted perception of participation in social situations and altered emotional responses could contribute to these typical interpersonal problems in BPD. Thirty patients with BPD were compared with a healthy control group (n = 30) in their perceptions and subjective emotional reactions to situations of social inclusion and exclusion. Participants played Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing paradigm, in which social inclusion and exclusion are experimentally induced. Control participants reacted with an increase in sadness, anger and overall negative affect when excluded. In BPD patients, social exclusion also induced anger, while general participating in the game seemed to reduce levels of sadness. Compared with healthy controls, BPD patients felt more readily excluded independent of the condition of inclusion or exclusion. In conclusion, patients with BPD displayed a negative bias toward perceived participation in social situations. Key PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Patients with BPD have a biased perception for exclusion. Virtual ball-tossing games can be used to induce anger in patients with BPD. Participating in a virtual ball-tossing game may reduce levels of sadness in BPD in the short term.
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(2012): Send it. Study of e-mail etiquette and notions from doctors in training. In: Journal of surgical education 69 (3), S. 393-403. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.12.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22483143 Abstract: OBJECTIVES Worldwide, more than 247 billion e-mails are sent each day. Little empiric evidence is available to guide how e-mail presentation style, tone, and content affect e-mail recipients and whether these factors impact opinions about the sender and the rapidity of response. In a study of physicians in training assessing a series of 100 e-mail examples, we examined the following: (1) formatting characteristics most and least endorsed, (2) impression of the sender based on the e-mail itself, and (3) factors associated with the decision to respond. We reasoned that our study would provide empiric data to support recommendations for e-mail etiquette, focusing specifically on doctors in training. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING Division of Orthopaedic Surgery at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS After each e-mail, the participating surgical residents completed a series of questions focusing on their impression of the e-mail appearance, their perception of the sender, and their motivation to respond to the e-mail. RESULTS Thirty-two residents participated in this study. The responses indicate that the key negatively endorsed features of the e-mails included the use of colored backgrounds (84%), difficult-to-read font (83%), lack of a subject header (55%), opening salutations without recipient names (50%), or no salutation at all (42%). The senders of negatively endorsed e-mails were perceived by participants as inefficient (p = 0.03), unprofessional (p < 0.001), and irritating (p = 0.007). E-mails with overall positive endorsements were significantly more likely to have the participants perceive the e-mail senders as professional (p < 0.001), pleasant (p = 0.048), and kind (p = 0.059). The participants were 2.6-fold more likely to respond immediately when they perceived e-mails as favorable compared with disliking them (42% vs 16% of responses, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The e-mails perceived as being disliked overall are likely to result in a negative perception of the sender and delays in response time.
Keywords: Adult, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Attitude of Health Personnel, Competency-Based Education/trends, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disziplin, Education, Medical, Graduate/standards/trends, Electronic Mail/ethics/standards, Email, Erziehungswissenschaften, Etikette, etiquette guide, Female, Gestaltung von E-Mails/Informationsmedien etc., Humans, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interprofessional Relations/ethics, Male, Medienwissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Ontario, Orthopedics/education, Quality Control, Realtechnik, Rolle (Beruf), Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Surveys and Questionnaires, Technik -
(2012) : Social facilitation with social robots? In: Yanco, Holly: Proceedings of the seventh annual ACMIEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction: the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference: Boston, Massachusetts, USA: 3/5/2012 - 3/8/2012. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction; ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence: New York, NY: ACM
Abstract: Regarding the future usage of social robots in workplace scenarios, we addressed the question of potential mere robotic presence effects on human performance. Applying the experimental social facilitation paradigm in social robotics, we compared task performance of 106 participants on easy and complex cognitive and motoric tasks across three presence groups (alone vs. human present vs. robot present). Results revealed significant evidence for the predicted social facilitation effects for both human and robotic presence compared to an alone condition. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the consideration of the interaction of robotic presence and task difficulty in modeling robotic assistance systems.
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(2012): Is Sexism a Gender Issue?. A Motivated Social Cognition Perspective on Men's and Women's Sexist Attitudes Toward Own and Other Gender. In: European Journal of Personality 26 (3), S. 350-359. DOI: 10.1002/per.843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/per.843 Abstract: The present research investigated the antecedents of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent forms) in both men and women toward own and other gender. In two heterogeneous adult samples (Study 1: N = 179 and Study 2: N = 222), it was revealed that gender itself was only a minor predictor of sexist attitudes compared with the substantial impact of individual differences in general motivated cognition (i.e., need for closure). Analyses further showed that the relationship between need for closure and sexism was mediated by social attitudes (i.e., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), which were differently related to benevolent and hostile forms of sexism. In the discussion, it is argued that sexism primarily stems from individual differences in motivated cognitive style, which relates to peoples’ perspective on the social world, rather than from group differences between men and women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights re served)
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(2012): Philosophy of science. A contemporary introduction. Third edition. New York, NY; London: Routledge (Routledge contemporary introductions to philosophy)
Abstract: "Any serious student attempting to better understand the nature, methods, and justification of science will value Alex Rosenberg's updated and substantially revised Third Edition of Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. Weaving lucid explanations with clear analyses, the volume is as a much-used, thematically oriented introduction to the field. New features of the Third Edition include more coverage of the history of the philosophy of science, more fully developed material on the metaphysics of causal and physical necessity, more background on the contrast between empiricism and rationalism in science, and new material on the structure of theoretical science (with expanded coverage of Newtonian and Darwinian theories and models) and the realism/antirealism controversy. Rosenberg also divides the Third Edition into fourteen chapters, aligning each chapter with a week in a standard semester-long course. Updated Discussion Questions, Glossary, Bibliography and Suggested Readings lists at the end of each chapter will make the Third Edition indispensable, either as a comprehensive stand-alone text or alongside the many wide ranging collections of articles and book excerpts currently available. "--
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(2012): Decision making and equilibria. In: Synthese 187 (1), S. 293-304. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-011-0029-z
Abstract: In economics and in the social sciences, the study of decision making of the single individual is an important preliminary step to provide a sound foundation for the analysis of equilibria in economic and social systems. Neuroeconomic analysis of the process has been a recent fruitful development in this direction. In the more recent past a new direction of research has emerged, studying the interplay of the decision making of the single individual with the economic and social environment that surrounds him. We review some of the results in this field, both theoretical and experimental, and suggest that a closer development of these two methods of research will be necessary in the future.
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(2012): Generation and Evaluation of Communicative Robot Gesture. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 4 (2), S. 201-217. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9