Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): The moral psychology of anger. London; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International (Moral psychology of the emotions)
Abstract: The Moral Psychology of Anger is the first comprehensive study of the moral psychology of anger from a philosophical perspective. In light of the recent revival of interest in emotions in philosophy and the current social and political interest in anger, the editors explain its resilience in our emotional lives and normative frameworks, and examine what inhibits and encourages thoughts, feelings, and expressions of anger. This volume also examines the ways in which rage--anger's cousin--is a moral emotion, what black rage is and how it is policed in our society and how berserker rage is limited and problematic for the contemporary military. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anger, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Moral, Morality, Philosophies, social psychology, Sozialpsychologie -
(2018): Personalauswahl kompetent gestalten. Grundlagen und Praxis der Eignungsdiagnostik nach DIN 33430. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Abstract: Einführung in die DIN 33430 -- Anforderungsprofil, Verhaltensbeobachtung und Verhaltensbeurteilung -- Eignungsinterviews/direkte mündliche Befragungen -- Anforderungsanalyse, Verfahren der Eignungsbeurteilung sowie rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen -- Statistisch-methodische Grundlagen der Eignungsbeurteilung -- Evaluation der Eignungsbeurteilung Dieses anwendungsnahe Grundlagenbuch erläutert den Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik zum gesamten Prozess der Personalauswahl: von A wie Anforderungsanalyse bis Z wie Zuverlässigkeit. Dabei werden die gängigen Verfahren Assessment-Center, Interview, Fragebogen und Tests thematisiert. Die sowohl in der Wissenschaft als auch in der Praxis anerkannten Autorinnen und Autoren zeigen, wie die Personalauswahl gestaltet werden kann, damit die Prozesse dem Qualitätsanspruch der DIN 33430 genügen. Das Buch ist Grundlage der Prüfung zur Personenlizenzierung für berufsbezogene Eignungsbeurteilungen nach DIN 33430. Der Inhalt Grundlagen der Eignungsdiagnostik nach DIN 33430 einschließlich rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen; Anforderungsanalysen und Kompetenzprofile, Assessment-Center-Übungen, Interviews, Fragebogen und Tests; Statistisch-methodische Grundlagen und Evaluation der Eignungsbeurteilung im Hinblick auf Erfolgskriterien, Prognosegüte und Nutzen Die Zielgruppen Personalverantwortliche und Studierende der Psychologie sowie der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Jura mit Schwerpunkt Personal Der Herausgeber Das Diagnostik- und Testkuratorium (DTK) ist ein von der „Föderation Deutscher Psychologenvereinigungen“ getragenes Gremium. Das DTK ist zuständig für alle Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsoptimierung des diagnostischen Prozesses einschließlich der diagnostischen Verfahren
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(2018): Individual differences in social control. Who 'speaks up' when witnessing uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours?. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (3), S. 524-546. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12246
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29468703 Abstract: This research examined the personality characteristics of individuals who 'speak up' and confront perpetrators of norm transgressions. We tested whether those who intervene tend to be 'bitter complainers' or 'well-adjusted leaders'. In four studies (total N = 1,003), we measured several individual differences that are directly implicated by at least one of the two concepts. We also presented participants with uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours and asked them how likely they would be to intervene if they were to witness each of these behaviours as a bystander. The results confirmed the well-adjusted leader hypothesis: Participants' self-reported tendency to confront perpetrators correlated positively with altruism, extraversion, social responsibility, acceptance by peers, independent self-construal, emotion regulation, persistence, self-directedness, age, occupation, and monthly salary, but not with aggressiveness or low self-esteem. Individuals who confront prejudice also speak up against other immoral and uncivil behaviours. We discuss the implications of these findings for the perpetuation and change of social norms. zitiert von 2
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(2018): Design for social accessibility: Incorporating social factors in the design of accessible technologies. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: Assistive technologies are intended to help people with disabilities accomplish everyday tasks. Yet, such technologies are traditionally designed mainly with functionality in mind, not with consideration for social situations of use. As a result, assistive technologies can be awkward-looking and socially awkward to use, leading to misperceptions about these technologies and their users. These misperceptions can impact users’ sense of self-efficacy and self-confidence, leading assistive technology users to feel self-conscious when using devices in public or social settings, ultimately limiting access. Furthermore, most technology design approaches either assume accessibility is ’someone else’s job’ or that functional accessibility is the only focus, promoting an inclination to overlook accessibility in design overall and preventing designers from fully considering social aspects of accessibility. In this dissertation, I present original empirical studies that investigate the social implications of assistive technology use. I conceptualize ’socially accessible design,’ and examine how to effectively incorporate social factors into user-centered design techniques. To address the negative and stigmatizing social perceptions associated with assistive technologies, I define Social Accessibility as a new property of accessible technologies extending our understanding of accessibility to include considerations of both functional usability and social situations of use. I present Design for Social Accessibility as a guiding perspective and a set of design tools and techniques emphasizing social factors in technology design. Through a series of design workshops, I demonstrate how designers can use Design for Social Accessibility by: focusing on functional usability and social situations of use; increasing awareness for how design can engender, rather than impede, access for people with visual impairments, particularly within social contexts; and working with users with and without visual impairments in assessing when design influences self-confidence and self-consciousness. In this dissertation, I: (1) define social accessibility as a new property of technology artifacts that extends accessibility to include functional and social factors; (2) demonstrate that Design for Social Accessibility can help improve the design of technologies usable by people with visual impairments when applied to design methods by bringing awareness to designers about how design engenders or impedes access in functional and social factors of use; and (3) develop and verify a tool that can help designers assess the social accessibility of technology design. The contributions of this dissertation are conceptual‐-motivating the need for, and defining social accessibility and how it relates to functional accessibility; and empirical and methodological‐-showing how social factors influence assistive technology use and access, and applying findings to increase awareness, change perspectives, and improve tools and techniques for the design of socially accessible technologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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van Zomeren, Martijn; Dovidio, John F. (Hg.) (2018): The Oxford handbook of the human essence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology)
2017
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(2017): Norms in the wild. How to diagnose, measure, and change social norms. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Abstract: 'Norms in the Wild' takes a look at social norms, answering questions about diagnosis (how can we tell that a shared practice is a social norm?), measurement (how do we measure expectations and preferences?), and change (which tools can we adopt to effect norm change?). The theories developed in the work are brought to life by examining real-life cases of norm creation and abandonment, the rationale behind policy interventions, and how change can be spearheaded by various types of trendsetters, be they individuals, groups, or the media
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(2017): Do We Gossip for Moral Reasons?. The Intersection of Moral Foundations and Gossip. In: Basic and Applied Social Psychology 39 (4), S. 218-230. DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713 Abstract: Gossip is comprised of evaluative talk about absent others. Although such evaluations may be moral or non-moral, moral judgments often precede the transmission of gossip. This work explored the salience of moral and non-moral motivations to transmit gossip-like information. Two studies explored the relationships between the general tendency to gossip, transmission of, and interest in gossip, five moral foundations (Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, Purity/sanctity), their sacredness in relational contexts, and moral and non-moral motives to gossip. Results from Studies 1 (negative gossip—infidelity) and 2 (positive gossip—fidelity) indicated that moral motives to gossip were more important than non-moral motives. The contribution of morality in perpetuating gossip was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Authority, Fairness, Gossip, Ingroup Outgroup, Moral, Loyalty, Morality, Reciprocity, respect, social psychology, Sozialpsychologie -
(2017): Habit in Personality and Social Psychology. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 21 (4), S. 389-403. DOI: 10.1177/1088868317720362
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28737111 Abstract: Habits are largely absent from modern social and personality psychology. This is due to outdated perspectives that placed habits in conflict with goals. In modern theorizing, habits are represented in memory as implicit context-response associations, and they guide responding in conjunction with goals. Habits thus have important implications for our field. Emerging research shows that habits are an important mechanism by which people self-regulate and achieve long-term goals. Also, habits change through specific interventions, such as changes in context cues. I speculate that understanding of habits also holds promise for reducing intergroup discrimination and for understanding lay theories of the causes for action. In short, by recognizing habit, the field gains understanding of a central mechanism by which actions persist in daily life. zitiert von 6
2016
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Frey, Dieter (2016): Psychologie der Werte. Von Achtsamkeit bis Zivilcourage - Basiswissen aus Psychologie und Philosophie. 1. Auflage. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, zuletzt geprüft am 09.02.2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48014-4 Abstract: Das ABC der Werte - psychologisch betrachtet! Dieser Sammelband lädt ein, sich mit den Grundwerten unserer Gesellschaft neu auseinanderzusetzen: Was bedeuten eigentlich Empathie, Respekt, Vertrauen u. a. Werte im Kern? Was wissen psychologische Forschung, Philosophie oder Theologie darüber? Welche Bedeutung haben diese Werte für jeden Einzelnen persönlich? Wie können diese Werte gelebt und in Alltag, Unternehmen und Gesellschaft gestärkt werden? - Ein Buch für alle, die sich in Zeiten des gefühlten Wertewandels auf fundierte Weise mit Werten befassen bzw. darüber klar werden möchten, welche Werte für das eigene Privat- oder Berufsleben wichtig sind. - Ein Buch für interessierte Laien, Studierende, Führungskräfte, Lehrer oder Politiker, das aktuelles Wissen liefert sowie zu Selbstreflexion und Diskussion anregt. Inhalt 25 Werte - von A wie Achtsamkeit bis Z wie Zivilcourage - in 25 kompakten Kapiteln Einheitlicher Aufbau jeder Werte-Betrachtung: Definition eines Wertes; theoretische Einordnung und Stand der Forschung aus den Perspektiven der Psychologie, Philosophie oder Theologie; Anregungen zur Förderung und Implementierung in Alltag und Berufsleben Praktische Hinweise: Wie können Werte methodisch, didaktisch und inhaltlich vermittelt werden? Warum handeln Menschen oft nicht nach den eigenen Grundwerten und wie kann diese Diskrepanz verringert werden? Zielgruppen Alle Personen, die in Erziehung, Lehre und Führung tätig sind Studierende und Dozenten, die sich in Ausbildung und Lehre mit Werten auseinandersetzen Alle am Thema „Werte“ Interessierte Herausgeber und Autoren Herausgeber Prof. Dr. Dieter Frey ist Professor für Sozialpsychologie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München und Leiter des LMU Center for Leadership and People Management Die Autorinnen und Autoren sind Masterstudierende an der LMU München im Master für Wirtschafts-, Organisations- und Sozialpsychologie
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Hennighausen, Christine; Lange, Benjamin P.; Schwab, Frank (Hg.) (2016): Evolution des Sozialen. Menschliches Verhalten in evolutionärer Perspektive; Pabst Science Publishers; MVE-Liste; Jahrestagung der MVE-Liste (Menschliches Verhalten in Evolutionärer Perspektive). Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers (Die Psychogenese der Menschheit)
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(2016): Beyond dependence. An identity approach to social power and domination. In: Human Relations 59 (1), S. 105-139. DOI: 10.1177/0018726706062760
Abstract: Outlines a new approach to the social psychology of power. Specifically, it challenges the currently influential conflict-oriented dependence analysis in which power operates as an almost exclusively repressive force. Drawing on relevant work from other social science disciplines, the article presents an identity model of power in which both consensus and conflict play important roles. The model theorizes power as a productive as well as repressive force, and differentiates between social power to achieve desired outcomes and social power over others (domination). The implications of the model for two classic issues in the power literature are considered: the relationship between power and status, and challenges to power (resistance and social change). The model's empirical potential is also discussed. zitiert von 142
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Tkalčič, Marko; Carolis, Berardina de; Gemmis, Marco de; Odić, Ante; Košir, Andrej (Hg.) (2016): Emotions and personality in personalized services. Models, evaluation and applications. Cham: Springer (Human-Computer Interaction Series)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31413-6 Abstract: Preface -- Foreword -- Part I: Background.-Introduction to Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems -- Social Emotions -- Models of Personality -- Part II Acquisition and Corpora -- Acquisition of Affect -- Acquisition of Personality -- Computing Technologies for Social Signals -- Sentiment Analysis in Social Streams -- Mobile-Based Experience Sampling for Behaviour Research -- Affective and Personality Corpora -- Part III Applications -- Modeling User’s Social Attitude in a Conversational System -- Personality and Recommendation Diversity -- Affective Music Information Retrieval -- Emotions and Personality in e-Learning Systems: an Affective Computing perspective -- Emotion-Based Matching of Music to Places -- Emotions in Context-aware Recommender Systems -- Towards User-Aware Music Information Retrieval: Emotional and Color Perception of Music -- Part IV Evaluation and Privacy -- Emotion Detection Techniques for the Evaluation of Serendipitous Recommendations -- Reflections on The Design Challenges Prompted by Affect-Aware Socially Assistive Robots Personalization is ubiquitous from search engines to online-shopping websites helping us find content more efficiently and this book focuses on the key developments that are shaping our daily online experiences. With advances in the detection of end users’ emotions, personality, sentiment and social signals, researchers and practitioners now have the tools to build a new generation of personalized systems that will really understand the user’s state and deliver the right content. With leading experts from a vast array of domains from user modeling, mobile sensing and information retrieval to artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction (HCI) social computing and psychology, a broad spectrum of topics are covered. From discussing psychological theoretical models and exploring state-of-the-art methods for acquiring emotions and personality in an unobtrusive way, as well as describing how these concepts can be used to improve various aspects of the personalization process and chapters that discuss evaluation and privacy issues. Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems will help aid researchers and practitioners develop and evaluate user-centric personalization systems that take into account the factors that have a tremendous impact on our decision-making - emotions and personality
2015
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(2015): The cue is the key. The relevance of cues and contextual information in the social understanding tasks of the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence. In: European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31 (1), S. 38-44. DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000204
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000204 Abstract: In contrast to former tests, the Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence measures social understanding with a scenario approach. Each scenario is based on one real target person and includes both social cues and contextual information about this person in different realistic situations. The subjects' task is to understand the given social cues and to judge the target persons' cognitions, emotions, and relationships to other people. However, subjects can potentially use only contextual information instead of social cues or base their judgments equally on both. The present study was aimed at examining the relative contribution of social cues and contextual information. In an experiment (N = 126), the following conditions were manipulated: Participants were given (1) only social cues, (2) only contextual information, or (3) both components. Results showed that social cues played a more important role in this social understanding task than the contextual information.
Keywords: Contextual Associations, Cues, empirical examination, Hinweisreize, importance of social cues & contextual information, Intelligence, Intelligenz, Kontextgebundene Assoziationen, Magdeburg Test of Social Intelligence (MTSI-2), MTSI, only social cues vs only contextual information vs social cues plus contextual information, Personality Measures, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, scenario approach during testing, Social Behavior, social psychology, Soziale Intelligenz, soziales Verhalten, Sozialpsychologie, Test Construction, Testkonstruktion, Tests & Testing, Tests und Testen -
(2015): Near or far? It depends on my impression. Moral information and spatial behavior in virtual interactions. In: Acta psychologica 161, S. 131-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.09.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386781 Abstract: Near body distance is a key component of action and social interaction. Recent research has shown that peripersonal space (reachability-distance for acting with objects) and interpersonal space (comfort-distance for interacting with people) share common mechanisms and reflect the social valence of stimuli. The social psychological literature has demonstrated that information about morality is crucial because it affects impression formation and the intention to approach-avoid others. Here we explore whether peripersonal/interpersonal spaces are modulated by moral information. Thirty-six participants interacted with male/female virtual confederates described by moral/immoral/neutral sentences. The modulation of body space was measured by reachability-distance and comfort-distance while participants stood still or walked toward virtual confederates. Results showed that distance expanded with immorally described confederates and contracted with morally described confederates. This pattern was present in both spaces, although it was stronger in comfort-distance. Consistent with an embodied cognition approach, the findings suggest that high-level socio-cognitive processes are linked to sensorimotor-spatial processes.
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(2015): Understanding power in social context. How power relates to language and communication in line with responsibilities or opportunities
Abstract: Presents an overview of how power relates to communication from a social psychological perspective with the aim of reviewing research on how power alters behavior by outlining particularly the implications of power for language and communication behavior. In addition, the authors demonstrate the reverse impact of (communicative) behavior on power by addressing the question of how the social context and the language used in this context influence the construal and exercise of power. After defining and presenting an overview of recent theoretical approaches dominating the social psychology debate on how power impacts behavior, evidence is reviewed on how power shapes language and communication behavior (e.g., body language) and vice versa. In this context, it is argued that research relating power to language and communication so far has often only considered power in terms of the perceived opportunities it provides. Therefore, subsequent focus is on the moderating role of the context: The social context is what shapes how power is understood and enacted. It is demonstrated how language or communication behavior serve both to create power and to develop a specific understanding of what power positions entail. In conclusion, opportunities for future research are discussed including the potential connections between the construal of power and its implications for language and communication behavior among individuals high in power and those low in power. zitiert von 3
2014
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(2014) : social cognitive developmental perspective on moral judgment. In: de Waal, Frans Bernardus Maria: Evolved Morality: The Biology and Philosophy of Human Conscience: Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, S. 315-335
Abstract: Moral judgment constitutes an important aspect of adults' social interactions. How do adults' moral judgments develop? We discuss work from cognitive and social psychology on adults' moral judgment, and we review developmental research to illuminate its origins. Work in these fields shows that adults make nuanced moral judgments based on a number of factors, including harm aversion, and that the origins of such judgments lie early in development. We begin by reviewing evidence showing that distress signals can cue moral judgments but are not necessary for moral judgment to occur. Next, we discuss findings demonstrating that both children and adults distinguish moral violations from violations of social norms, and we highlight the influence of both moral rules and social norms on moral Judgment. We also discuss the influence of actors' intentions on moral judgment. Finally, we offer some closing thoughts on potential similarities between moral cognition and reasoning about other i deologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 27
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(2014): Advances in social cognition research. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc (Perspectives on cognitive psychology)
2013
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(2013): Warum verhalten wir uns manchmal merkwürdig und unlogisch?. Berlin: Springer Spektrum (Spektrum-Sachbuch)
Abstract: Anhand klassischer sozialpsychologischer Experimente werden Phänomene des Verhaltens von Individuen als Teil der Gruppe beleuchtet. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Gegenwart anderer in unterschiedlichen Situationen auf den Einzelnen und dessen Verhalten auswirkt. Irrationales, unlogisches und teils merkwürdiges Agieren wird entschlüsselt. Zentrale Themen der Sozialpsychologie wie sozialer Einfluss, Normbildung, Konformität, kognitive Dissonanz und Gruppenverhalten werden dadurch populärwissenschaftlich nahe gebracht. - Inhalt: (1) Und was machen die anderen? (2) Invasion vom Mars! Rette sich, wer kann. (3) Es scheint so, als ob. (4) Ich traue meinen Augen nicht. (5) Du bist doch eine totale Niete. (6) Das ist das Ende der Welt. (7) Machen Sie bitte weiter. (8) Allein traust du dich doch nicht. (9) Nein, ich habe nichts gehört, warum? (10) Lasst mich hier raus. (11) Und wer ist mein Nächster? (12) Verzieh dich, du Idiot. (13) Fortsetzung folgt. zitiert von 2
2012
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(2012): One’s a Crowd?. On Greenwood’s Delimitation of the Social. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 43 (4), S. 519-530. DOI: 10.1177/0048393112454335
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393112454335 Abstract: In an effort to carve a distinct place for social facts without lapsing into a holistic ontology, John Greenwood has sought to define social phenomena solely in terms of the attitudes held by the actor(s) in question. I argue that his proposal allows for the possibility of a “lone collectivity” that is (1) unpalatable in its own right and (2) incompatible with the claim that sociology is autonomous from psychology. As such, I conclude that the relevant beliefs need to be held by more than one person.
Keywords: Anerkennung und kollektive Intentionalität, Durkheim, Game Theory, Gilbert, Gruppennorm, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, individualism, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, kollektive Intentionalität, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Natur & Genese von Normen, Ontology, philosophy of the social sciences, Realtechnik, social psychology, Sociology, Technik, Theorie der Normen und Kollektive Repräsentationen (Durkheim) -
(2012): Mindset theory of action phases
Abstract: Mindset theory of action phases is based on the distinction between motivation and volition as proposed by the Rubicon model which claims that prior to crossing the Rubicon (i.e., making a goal decision) motivational principles apply whereas thereafter volitional principles set in. The latter are concerned with goal implementation, whereas the former relate to the choosing of goals. Mindset theory of action phases proposes that different cognitive procedures are activated when people tackle the task of choosing goals versus implementing them. The respective task demands determine the features that characterize the deliberative versus implemental mindset. These pertain to what type of information is preferably processed and how it is analyzed. Mindset research has produced findings that not only support the motivation versus volition distinction but also, enlighten various debates and theories in social psychology (e.g., optimism versus realism debate, dual process theories, goal theory). Mindset theory of action phases has also spurred research on effective planning by pointing to implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans). This research has had much applied impact. When it was linked up to research on strategies of motivationally smart goal setting (i.e., mental contrasting), it initiated the development of a time- and cost-effective behavior change intervention. zitiert von 143
2011
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(2011): Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism. In: Journal of Individual Differences 32 (3), S. 153-160. DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000043
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000043 Abstract: Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by socialpsychological (group membership and group identification) variables – or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice. zitiert von 18
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(2011) : Evaluating fairness: Critical assessment of equity theory.: Theories in social psychology.: Hoboken, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, S. 163-190
Abstract: This chapter discusses equity theory which concerns interpersonal relationships in social psychology. Most interpersonal relationships are built around trust, mutual respect, and genuine concern for the other person. Generally, people do not enter a relationship with fairness issues at the forefront of their minds. However, many people of all different backgrounds are familiar with the 'golden rule'—treat others as you would like to be treated. Many people believe that if everyone subscribed to this rule, fairness would prevail, leading to perfectly satisfying relationships. Whereas these ideas may be very intuitively appealing, they create some potential problems when people in relationships—whether it is a business relationship, a friendship, or a romance—experience difficulties. Difficulties may involve one person getting his or her way more often or experiencing hurt feelings. In reality, sometimes people feel they put more into a relationship than they get out of it. I t takes effort to build, maintain, and repair relationships, regardless of the type of relationship. Many people, both researchers and laypersons, are interested in what makes for satisfying relationships as well as what factors keep people together or drive them apart. A number of theories have been developed to help explain how people evaluate their relationships. One of them is equity theory. Equity theory is a theory that stems from economic principles. In fact, when John Stacy Adams first introduced the theory in 1963, he intended it to serve as an explanation for the fairness of exchanges between employers and their employees. Whereas researchers initially used this theory to explain employee-employer relationships, over the years, the theory has been expanded to explain various other types of relationships. Walster, Walster, and Berscheid continued to refine and to adapt the theory to help people understand how people evaluate their interactions in other kinds of rela tionship s, such as casual interpersonal relationships and intimate relationships. This type of research includes the harm-doer-victim relationship, helping relationships, collegial relationships, friendships, marital relationships, and homosexual relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2008
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(2008): The Bases of Power and the Power/Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence. In: Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 8 (1), S. 1-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x Abstract: This article provides a summary of work done by Raven and his colleagues on bases of power. It ranges from the initial work in 1959 of French and Raven through decades of follow-up work, and ties the work to that of others doing work on power bases. After the summary, the author responds to a series of questions that probe the work in greater depth, allowing explication of much of the thinking underlying and leading to publications of Raven and colleagues that are well known to social psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2007
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(2007): Social communication. New York [u.a.]: Psychology Press (Frontiers of social psychology)
Abstract: Presents an overview of the topic of social communication within the field of social psychology. Contributions focus on the tools and repertoires evolved by social communication to deal the demanding trade-off inherent in communication: For communication to be successful, it must be informative and subtle at the same time. Contents: (1) K. Fiedler: Frontiers of research on social communication: Introduction and overview. (A) Communication within and between groups and cultures. (2) Y. Kashima, O. Klein, and A. E. Clark: Grounding: Sharing information in social interaction. (3) D. Wigboldus and K. Douglas: Language, stereotypes, and intergroup relations. (4) L. G. Conway, III and M. Shaller: How communication shapes culture. (5) H. Giles et al: Accommodating a new frontier: The context of law enforcement. (6) D. Stahlberg et al: Representation of the sexes in language. (B) Strategic uses of social communication. (7) H.-P. Erb and G. Bohner: Social influence and persuasion: Recent theoretical developments and integrative attempts. (8) M. Wänke: What is said and what is meant: Conversational implicatures in natural conversations, research settings, media, and advertising. (9) A. B. Hollingshead, G. C. Jacobsohn, and S. J. Beck: Motives and goals in context: A strategic analysis of information sharing in groups. (C) Social communication, affect, and behavior regulation. (10) J. Bavelas and J. Gerwing: Conversational hand gestures and facial displays in face-to-face dialogue. (11) A. Vrij: Deception: A social lubricant and a selfish act. (12) C. Chung and J. Pennebaker: The psychological functions of function words. (D) Social communication and adaptive behavior regulation. (13) M. Snyder and A. Stukas, Jr.: Interpersonal processes in context: Understanding the influence of settings and situations on social interaction. (14) G. R. Semin: Linguistic markers of social distance and proximity. (15) M. Corballis: The evolution of language. (16) M. Schober: Epilogue: Language at the heart of social psychology.
2006
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(2006): “Social Robotics” und Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 37 (4), S. 219-231. DOI: 10.1024/0044-3514.37.4.219
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.37.4.219 Abstract: Aus aktuellen Entwicklungen zur Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (MMI), insbesondere auf dem Feld der Social Robotics, entstehen neuartige Perspektiven für die sozialpsychologische Forschung. Da Computer und Roboter sich in besonderem Maße als Objekte einer Anthropomorphisierung eignen, sollten psychologische Zugänge auch in diesem Forschungsfeld hilfreich sein. Ausgehend von Unterscheidungen zwischen verschiedenen Typen dieser Maschinen werden mögliche Beiträge der Sozialpsychologie zur interdisziplinären Forschung und Entwicklung skizziert. Vorliegende Befunde zur sozialen Dimension der MMI werden vorgestellt und diskutiert, nämlich das Forschungsprogramm "Computer als soziale Akteure" sowie Ansätze zur Menschenähnlichkeit der Maschine als unabhängiger und abhängiger Variablen. Abschließend werden spezifische Themen für die zukünftige sozialpsychologische Forschung in drei klassischen Bereichen (Urteilsprozesse im Kontext der MMI, "interpersonelle" Prozesse, Intergruppenbeziehungen) vorgeschlagen.