Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019): Interactional Moral Systems: A Model of Social Mechanisms for the Moral Regulation of Exchange Processes in Agent Societies. In: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 6 (4), S. 778-796. DOI: 10.1109/TCSS.2019.2926950
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2019.2926950 Abstract: In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of moral agent and moral system of agent society and, in particular, the central concept of moral agent sensible to moral sanction. Next, we introduce the concepts of moral gain and moral loss in social exchanges and of reputation-based persistence of exchange processes. Following, we elaborate the notion of negotiated moral regulation of reputation-based persistent exchange processes. Finally, we combine those concepts in the notion of a reputation-based mechanism for the negotiation-driven moral regulation of exchange processes of agents that are sensible to moral sanctions.
Keywords: Agent societies, agent society, Avatars, Computational modeling, Ethics, ieee xplore, interactional moral systems, Law, Moral & Ethik, moral agent, moral gain, moral loss, moral regulation of social exchanges, moral sanction, Morality, multi-agent systems, negotiation-driven moral regulation, reputation-based mechanism, reputation-based persistence, reputation-based persistent exchange processes, Robots, social exchanges, social mechanisms, Social Processes -
(2019) : The Dark Side of Human-Robot Interaction: Ethical Considerations and Community Guidelines for the Field of HRI: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 689-690
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673184 Abstract: The HRI community is working to develop interactive robots for a wide variety of pro-social tasks and ideals. As such we naturally focus on the positive side of HRI including how robots and humans may collaborate and the benefits of doing so. This workshop, in contrast, will focus on the dark side of HRI with the goal of identifying, understanding and guarding against the potential negative consequences of interactive robots. The primary objective of the workshop is to articulate and discuss the most pertinent ethical issues facing the HRI community and to develop a set of common community guidelines.
Keywords: common community guidelines, Conferences, Consumer Protection, Data Protection, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, Ethics, GUIDELINES, HRI community, human-robot interaction, Humans, ideals, ieee xplore, interactive robots, Law, Moral & Ethik, Persuasive Robots, pertinent ethical issues, pro-social tasks, PSYCHOLOGY, Robot Ethics, Robot sensing systems, workshop 2018
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(2018): Ethics for Robots as Experimental Technologies: Pairing Anticipation with Exploration to Evaluate the Social Impact of Robotics. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 25 (1), S. 30-36. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2017.2781543
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2017.2781543 Abstract: The evaluation of the societal impact of autonomous technologies, particularly robotics, has grown in technological contexts (e.g., see [14] and the IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems [20]), as well as broader political contexts (e.g., see the 2017 European Parliament report regarding civil law rules on robotics [21]). In this article, we adopt the perspective that conceptualizes new technologies as social experiments, stressing their experimental character to deal with the inherent uncertainty that affects their behavior. We suggest that the kind of experiments performed when evaluating robots in specific contexts of use are explorative experiments, i.e., investigations carried out in the absence of a proper theory or theoretical background that diverge from the traditional notion of controlled experiments. Considering this epistemological shift, we apply the ethical framework proposed by van de Poel for experimental technologies to the case of robotics, and we discuss its implications on the design of robots. To make our discussion more concrete, we reference the field of robots for search and rescue, which offers a challenging opportunity to test socioethical approaches to the development of robots and their interactions with environments and humans.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, autonomous robots, autonomous technologies, ethical aspects, Ethics, experimental technologies, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, Law, Monitoring, Politics, Robotics, Robots, service robot, social aspects of automation, Social implications of technology, technological contexts -
(2018): Bedeutungs- und Begriffswissen im Recht. Frame-Analysen von Rechtsbegriffen im Deutschen. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. Online verfügbar unter http://www.degruyter.com/search?f_0=isbnissn&q_0=9783110572445&searchTitles=true
Abstract: Die innovative Studie wendet Verfahren der linguistisch-semantischen Frame-Analyse auf die Rekonstruktion komplexer fachlich-institutioneller Begriffe in der Domäne „Recht“ an und diskutiert intensiv die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Methode. Es werden Begriffe und Begriffsnetze aus den Rechtsgebieten Strafrecht und Bürgerliches Recht analysiert und frame-semantisch rekonstruiert; dabei werden z.T. auch konkurrierende Begriffsdeutungen und diachrone Begriffsentwicklungen mit erfasst. Die Studie leistet Pionierarbeit, da bisher keine anderen Publikationen vorliegen, die auch praktisch-empirisch Bedeutungs- und Begriffswissens-Frames so umfassend und intensiv beschreiben und frame-semantisch darstellen wie hier. Die Aspekte und Probleme einer solchen korpusgestützt und empirisch detailliert arbeitenden Frame-Analyse werden ausführlich dokumentiert und diskutiert. Sie zeigen die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methode (aber auch, wo ihre Grenzen liegen). Insofern kann diese Arbeit Vorbild für ähnlich orientierte Studien auch zu anderen Sprachgebrauchs- und Wissens-Domänen sein, und das geplante Buch deshalb auf das Interesse anderer in diesem Feld tätiger Forscherinnen und Forscher stoßen.
2017
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(2017) : Beyond Moral Dilemmas: Exploring the Ethical Landscape in HRI: 2017 12th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI: Vienna, Austria: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 445-452
Abstract: HRI research has yielded intriguing empirical results connected to ethics and how we act in social contexts with robots, even though much of this work has focused on task-based, one-on-one interaction. In this paper, we point to the need to investigate a wider range of ethically relevant dynamics that interaction with robots carries with it - individually and in groups, with a single robot or more. We specifically examine three areas: 1) the primacy and implicit dynamics of bodily perception, 2) the competing interests at work in a single robot-human interaction, and 3) the social intricacy of multiple agents - robots and humans - communicating and making decisions. While these areas are not exhaustive by any means, we find they yield concrete directions for how HRI can contribute to a widening, intensifying set of ethical debates with critical empirical insight, starting to explore more of the ethical landscape in HRI.
Keywords: critical empirical insight, Decision Making, ethical aspects, ethical debates, ethical landscape, ethically relevant dynamics, Ethics, Ethics in HRI, HRI research, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, implicit dynamics, Law, Moral & Ethik, moral dilemmas, multiple agents, robot dynamics, Robot sensing systems, robot-human interaction, social contexts, social intricacy, Task Analysis -
(2017): Ethics in Robotics Research: CERNA Mission and Context. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 24 (3), S. 139-145. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586 Abstract: This article summarizes the recommendations concerning robotics as issued by the Commission for the Ethics of Research in Information Sciences and Technologies (CERNA), the French advisory commission for the ethics of information and communication technology (ICT) research. Robotics has numerous applications in which its role can be overwhelming and may lead to unexpected consequences. In this rapidly evolving technological environment, CERNA does not set novel ethical standards but seeks to make ethical deliberation inseparable from scientific activity. Additionally, it provides tools and guidance for researchers and research institutions.
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(2017) : Fourth Industrial Revolution and the future of Engineering: Could Robots Replace Human Jobs? How Ethical Recommendations can Help Engineers Rule on Artificial Intelligence: 2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF): Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: IEEE, S. 21-26
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/WEEF.2017.8466973 Abstract: The current economic crisis, combined with the sudden increased use of Information Technology (IT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in human life presents new challenges and opportunities for engineering education and jobs. Engineering education needs to undergo a revolution; ethical issues that involve AI and the use of technologies need to be inserted in the learning process urgently to guarantee the employment of our future engineers. In this work we identified and evaluated issues and candidate recommendations from initiatives like “The IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems” and “USA NSTC’s Subcommittee on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence” in order to provide a set of ethical principles and recommendations that are conversant with Engineering ethics defined by “Engineering Criteria 2000”. Some of these ethical principles and recommendations are highlighted with the objective of introducing AI in engineering education and improve the connections between technology and society.
Keywords: AI, Artificial intelligence, candidate recommendations, Companies, control engineering education, economic crisis, Engineering Criteria 2000, engineering education, Engineering ethics, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical principles, ethical recommendations, fourth industrial revolution, human life, ieee xplore, Industries, Industry 4.0, Information technology, intelligent robots, Labor Market, Law, learning (artificial intelligence), Moral & Ethik, service robot 2016
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(2016): Bridging the Ethical Gap: From Human Principles to Robot Instructions. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems 31 (5), S. 76-82. DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2016.87
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2016.87 Abstract: Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the Murphy-Woods alternative laws assume that a robot has the cognitive ability to make moral decisions, and fail to escape the myth of self-sufficiency. But ethical decision making on the part of robots in human-robot interaction is grounded on the interdependence of human and machine. Furthermore, the proposed laws are high-level principles that cannot easily be translated into machine instructions because there is an immense gap between the architecture, implementation, and activity of humans and robots in addressing ethical situations. The characterization of the ethical gap, particularly with reference to the Murphy-Woods laws, leads to a proposal for a shift in focus away from the autonomous behavior of the robot to human-robot communication at the interface, and the development of interdependence rules to underpin the process of ethical decision-making.
Keywords: autonomous behavior, cognitive ability, Context modeling, control engineering computing, ethical decision making, ethical gap, ethical interdependence, Ethics, human principle, human-robot interaction, human-robot interface, ieee xplore, Intelligent Systems, Law, laws of robotics, Moral & Ethik, Murphy-Woods alternative laws, Robot Ethics, robot instruction, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Robotics, standards 2013
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(2013) : Bio-inspired solutions for intelligent android perception and control: 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS): Social Implications of Wearable Computing and Augmediated Reality in Everyday Life: Toronto, Canada: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2013.6613096 Abstract: Summary form only given. After more than half of century of manufacturing-oriented robotics, robots are now evolving and expanding into new applications involving a human-style interaction with people in unstructured environments. Such an endeavour requires a different set of skills for the new generation of robots, which are expected to exhibit an increased ability to intelligently connect perception to action. Due to their expected omnipresence in the lives of people, the new-generation robots should be sensitive to the attitudes and expectations of normal people. They should be endowed with more efficient interaction capabilities allowing for a higher degree of flexibility and autonomy in order to make appropriate decisions in routine and emergency situations. In order to naturally blend within human society, the new-generation robots should not only look as humans, but should also behave as much as possible as humans. They are in a way expected to be, as initially imagined by Capek in his R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots play, anthropomorphic artefacts, androids, enabled to think on their own and governed by Asimov’s laws of robotics hardwired into every robot’s positronic brain. While for a long time, engineers have built upon mathematics, physics and chemistry in order to develop an ever growing variety of industrial artefacts and machines, this approach cannot anymore rise to the challenge of designing these androids. The time has now arrived to add biology and more specifically, human anatomy, physiology and psychology to the scientific sources of knowledge to develop a new, bio-inspired, generation of intelligent androids. Advocating this emergent trend, this presentation will discuss a number of relevant issues such as bioinspired robot sensors and neural networks, humanrobot interaction techniques for symbiotic partnership, as well as moral, ethical, theological, legal, and social challenges in a soon-to-be cyborgsociety world.
Keywords: Androids, anthropomorphic artefacts, Asimov law, bio-inspired materials, bioinspired robot sensors, bio-inspired solutions, Biology, cyborg society world, Educational institutions, human anatomy, human robot interaction techniques, Humanoid Robots, human-style interaction, ieee xplore, industrial artefacts, industrial machines, intelligent android control, intelligent android perception, intelligent robots, interaction capability, Law, manufacturing-oriented robotics, Moral & Ethik, Neural Networks, new-generation robots, omnipresence, physiology, PSYCHOLOGY, robot positronic brain, Robot sensing systems, service robot, symbiotic partnership, universal robots play, unstructured environments 2010
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(2010) : Aiding Designers, Operators and Regulators to Deal with Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Design and Use of Lethal Autonomous Systems: 2010 International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies: Canterbury, United Kingdom: IEEE, S. 148-152
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EST.2010.35 Abstract: The focus of this paper is how to design legal and ethical behaviour into Semi/Autonomous Systems (S/AS) that work within a System-of-Systems (SoS) context, in either a military or civilian environment. Its intention is to explore the problem domain, question the comprehensiveness of current work in this area and postulate a series of issues that the authors feel need to be addressed if serious progress is to be made in an area of considerable interest to governments, manufacturers and users of theses systems and indeed the general public. It should be read as a discussion document.
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(2010) : The four-level valuation model of ethical decision-making: 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering: Chongqing, China: IEEE, S. 806-809
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIFE.2010.5609478 Abstract: With the evolution of social ethic and decision valuation, ethical decisions are more and more paid attention to by enterprises’ managers. On the basis of previous researches, the article puts forward a Valuation model of ethical decision making. The model involves four ethical levels: conduct level, fair level, integrity level and avoidable harm level. At the same time, the article elaborates the contents of each level and the relationship between different levels at length, which provides an analytical framework of ethical decision making for enterprises’ managers, and contributes to enhancing the ethical level of decisions.
Keywords: Analytical models, avoidable harm level, conduct level, Cost accounting, Decision Making, decision valuation, Electronic mail, Enterprise ethic, ethical aspects, ethical decision-making, Ethics, fair level, four-level valuation model, ieee xplore, integrity level, Law, Moral & Ethik, social ethic, Valuation model 1988
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(1988): Der Sinn für Angemessenheit. Anwendungsdiskurse in Moral und Recht. Teilw. zugl.: Frankfurt, Univ., Diss., 1987. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: SuhrkampKeywords: Angemessenheit, Anwendung, bibliography, Diskursethik, ethical argumentation, Ethik, Ethische Argumentation, Kant, Immanuel / kategorischer Imperativ / Nachwirkung, Law, Moral, Moralische Überzeugungen, norm, Normative Orders, Philosophie, Philosophy, Praxis, Recht, Rechtsphilosophie, Rechtswissenschaft, Soziale Norm, Theorie
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