Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Narratives and Online Decorum. The Rhetoric of Mark Zuckerberg's Personal Storytelling on Facebook. In: STYLE 51 (3), S. 374-390. DOI: 10.1353/sty.2017.0031
Abstract: The article ties in with and attempts to further interests in the - rhetorical aspects of personal storytelling by examining what is taken to be a pervasive yet understudied form of purposeful storytelling. The overall aim is to investigate how the narration of intimate biographical events may be used to influence or mold matters of decorum or appropriate behavior. Through close reading of the use of narratives in a Facebook post by Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, the article argues for the potential meta-decorous nature of such posts; in addition to their private content, they are about what posting is or should be, and therefore also about what it may be, or should mean, to be someone posting on Facebook. Consequently, these personal stories are read as peculiar amalgamations of the personal, the strategic, and the moral.
Keywords: Appropriateness, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, das Persönliche, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Facebook, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Intimität, Kommunikation, Kommunikationsstrategie, Mensch-Maschine-Releation, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moral, Morals, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Rhetorik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Network, Social Network Einfluss, Soziale Angemessenheit, Storytelling, Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Wissen um Normen -
(2017): Regional languages on Twitter. In: Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 6 (2), S. 174-196. DOI: 10.1075/dujal.16017.jon
Abstract: This paper addressed the question how the use of Dutch and the regional languages Frisian or Limburgish differ on Twitter and which patterns in language choice can be identified. Previous quantitative studies (Jongbloed-Faber, Van de Velde, Van der Meer & Klinkenberg, 2016; Nguyen, Trieschnigg & Cornips, 2015; Trieschnigg, 2015) have already shown that people in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Limburg tweet in Frisian or Limburgish respectively, but most often in Dutch interspersed with some English. In this qualitative study, we compared the tweets from twenty twitterers in Friesland and Limburg who use both Dutch and Frisian or Limburgish regularly in order to get insight into their language use patterns. The following patterns in language use were identified: when a twitterer aims to maximise his/her audience, Dutch is regularly employed. However, as soon as an interpersonal, addressed tweet is formulated, Frisian or Limburgish is often used. General tweets in Dutch may therefore very well get a Frisian or Limburgish continuation. Another mechanism frequently found in responding tweets is following the language used in the original tweet, notwithstanding such a tweet was in Dutch or in a regional language. Finally, the data show that, although Twitter is a global medium which can be accessed at any time and any place provided that one has access to the needed technical equipment and Internet connection, twitterers sometimes construct localness i.e. what is perceived as local culture through using Frisian or Limburgish exclusively.
Keywords: Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Design, Konversationsanalyse, Korrespondenz, Kultur, Kultureller Kontext, Lokalkulturalität, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Orientierung am Stil der bereits begonnenen Konversation, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozialer Raum, Sprachgebrauch, Wahl der Konversationssprache 2016
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(2016): Data Science and Designing for Privacy. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (1), S. 51-68. DOI: 10.5840/techne201632446
Abstract: Unprecedented advances in the ability to store, analyze, and retrieve data is the hallmark of the information age. Along with enhanced capability to identify meaningful patterns in large data sets, contemporary data science renders many classical models of privacy protection ineffective. Addressing these issues through privacy-sensitive design is insufficient because advanced data science is mutually exclusive with preserving privacy. The special privacy problem posed by data analysis has so far escaped even leading accounts of informational privacy. Here, I argue that accounts of privacy must include norms about information processing in addition to norms about information flow. Ultimately, users need the resources to control how and when personal information is processed and the knowledge to make information decisions about that control. While privacy is an insufficient design constraint, value-sensitive design around control and transparency can support privacy in the information age.
Keywords: Daten, Datenschutz & Privatssphäre, Design, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informationelle Selbstbestimmung, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Philosophie, Privacy and data, Privatsphäre, Reflexionen über MTR, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Value-Sensitive-Design, Werte, Zeitschrift: techne -
(2016): Public Cellphone Use Does Not Activate Negative Responses in Others…Unless They Hate Cellphones. In: Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 21 (5), S. 384-398. DOI: 10.1111/jcc4.12174
Abstract: Ostracism dramatically reduces psychosocial well-being. Many studies have examined ostracism within digital environments, but to our knowledge no one has examined ostracism as manifested through public cellphone use. Experimental data revealed that public texting or reading on a cellphone was less ostracizing to copresent others than face-to-face ostracism but more ostracizing than face-to-face inclusion. Though cellphone use was somewhat ostracizing it did not prompt negative psychological effects, supporting the notion of cellphone taken-for-grantedness. Exceptions were found for those reporting phone technostress; these individuals were negatively affected by exposure to someone reading on a cellphone. Findings extend the ostracism paradigm to a new context and support research on the importance of attitudes and norms in shaping the effects of public cellphone use.
Keywords: Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Direkter oder Nebenstehender, Grad der wahrgenommenen Ausgrenzung/Ostracism, Lesen/texten auf dem Handy in Anwesenheit anderer, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, phone technostress, POWER, soziale Akzeptanz bestimmter Handlungen trotz erhöhtem Ausgrenzungsgrad, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Voreingenommenheit gegen technische Geräte (z.B. Handys) -
(2016): Manifestation of Malay Politeness in Asking and Giving Advice. Manifestasi Kesantunan Melayu dalam Ujaran Memberi dan Meminta Nasihat. In: GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies 16 (2), S. 73-94. DOI: 10.17576/gema-2016-1602-05
Abstract: The acts of asking and giving advice are linguistically complex and require observations of politeness norms that exist across cultures. Lack of understanding on this aspect of communication often leads to conflicts or resistance to the advice given. This can be especially so in motivational radio phone-in shows where the politeness strategies of the callers can be numerous. Hence, an analysis was done to identify the patterns of politeness employed in a talk show entitled "Celik Mata Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang" aired on Radio IKIMfm. Brown and Levinson's (1987) Politeness Model, and Grice's (1975) Maxims of Cooperative Principles were combined to form a model called "Model Pola Kombinasi Strategi dan Maksim" (MPKSM) to analyse the 33 dialogues in the body structure of a conversational context. MPKSM forms four patterns of combined strategies which are Patterns A, B, C and D with the main patterns of P2 and P3. P2 consists of both positive and negative politeness strategies while P3 consists of off-record strategies. Both P2 and P3 are related to the maxims of Cooperative Principles. The speech acts of asking and giving advice from those who took part in the body structure of the radio talk show were analysed using five methods which are downloading of texts, text analysis, transcription, labelling and coding as well as through quantitative approach. The findings indicate that the participants in the talk show have applied the MPKSM in their utterances by minimizing Face Threatening Acts (FTA) while planning the acts to avoid conflicts, with pattern B being dominantly used. The study also shows that time constraint and the presence of overhearer audience were significant factors in influencing the selection of politeness strategies among participants.
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(2016): Multiple Audiences as Text Stakeholders. A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Complex Rhetorical Situations. In: Argumentation 30 (4), S. 467-499. DOI: 10.1007/s10503-016-9394-6
Abstract: In public communication contexts, such as when a company announces the proposal for an important organizational change, argumentation typically involves multiple audiences, rather than a single and homogenous group, let alone an individual interlocutor. In such cases, an exhaustive and precise characterization of the audience structure is crucial both for the arguer, who needs to design an effective argumentative strategy, and for the external analyst, who aims at reconstructing such a strategic discourse. While the peculiar relevance of multiple audience is often emphasized in the argumentation literature and in rhetorical studies, proposals for modelling multi-audience argumentative situations remain scarce and unsystematic. To address this gap, we propose an analytical framework which integrates three conceptual constructs: (1) Rigotti and Rocci's notion of communicative activity type, understood as the implementation of an interaction scheme into a piece of institutional reality, named interaction field; (2) the stakeholder concept, originally developed in strategic management and public relations studies to refer to any actor who affects and/or is affected by the organizational actions and who, accordingly, carries an interest in them; (3) the concept of participant role as it emerges from Goffman's theory of conversation analysis and related linguistic and media studies. From this integration, we derive the notion of text stakeholder for referring to any organizational actor whose interest (stake) becomes an argumentative issue which the organizational text must account for in order to effectively achieve its communicative aim. The text stakeholder notion enables a more comprehensive reconstruction and characterization of multiple audience by eliciting the relevant participants staged in a text and identifying, for each of them, the interactional role they have, the peculiar interest they bear and the related argumentative issue they create. Considering as an illustrative case the defense document issued by a corporation against a hostile takeover attempt made by another corporation, we show how this framework can support the analysis of strategic maneuvering by better defining the audience demand and, so, better explaining how real arguers design and adapt their topical and presentational choices.
Keywords: breites Publikum, Communicative Activity Type nach Rigotti und Rocci, Goffman, Interaktionspartner, Kommunikation, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Konversationsanalyse, Öffentliche Darstellung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Öffentlichkeit, Publikumswirksamkeit, Rhetorik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, stakeholder, Stakeholder Concept (of Communication), Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Wissen um Normen -
(2016): Information Privacy and Social Self-Authorship. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (3), S. 216-239. DOI: 10.5840/techne201671548
Abstract: The dominant approach in privacy theory defines information privacy as some form of control over personal information. In this essay, I argue that the control approach is mistaken, but for different reasons than those offered by its other critics. I claim that information privacy involves the drawing of epistemic boundaries—boundaries between what others should and shouldn’t know about us. While controlling what information others have about us is one strategy we use to draw such boundaries, it is not the only one. We conceal information about ourselves and we reveal it. And since the meaning of information is not self-evident, we also work to shape how others contextualize and interpret the information that they have about us. Information privacy is thus about more than controlling information; it involves the constant work of producing and managing public identities, what I call “social self-authorship.” In the second part of the essay, I argue that thinking about information privacy in these terms reveals threats to privacy that the control approach neglects. Namely, information technology makes social self-authorship invisible and unnecessary by making it difficult for us to know when others are forming impressions about us and by providing others with tools for making assumptions about who we are which obviate the need for our involvement in the process.
2015
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(2015): Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome. In: JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS 74 (3), S. 289-311
Abstract: In Decorum and the Meanings of Materials in Triumphal Architecture of Republican Rome, Maggie L. Popkin argues that the literal and figurative values of materials in republican triumphal architecture stemmed from complex interactions among patron, architect, audience, and sociohistorical context. Several case studies—the Temple of Fortuna Equestris, the Porticus Metelli, the Round Temple on the Tiber, and Temple B in the Area Sacra di Largo Argentina—demonstrate that the juxtaposition of multiple materials, changing historical circumstances, and new groups of viewers resulted in constantly shifting meanings of materials in republican architecture. The Roman notion of decorum helps explain the shifting uses and valuations of materials. Factors such as the monument’s patron, the event that sparked its construction, its location, the monument type, the availability of materials, and the intended audiences affected the choice of materials and their intended and perceived meanings, which had rich conceptual and imaginative potential to evoke Roman conquest, piety, and spectacle.
Keywords: Architektur, Architektur (high and low ranking buildings), Art des Kommunikationsmediums, decorum, Geschichte, Häuser, Kunst, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Raum/Ort, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Rank, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sozialer Wert von Objekten/Prestigeobjekte etc., Strategien zur Erlangung von Sympathie, Wissen um Normen 2013
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(2013): ‘Do You Think I’m Stupid?. ’: Urban Encounters between People with and without Intellectual Disability. In: Urban Studies 50 (12), S. 2391-2406. DOI: 10.1177/0042098012474521
Abstract: Being amongst strangers is a definitive aspect of life in the modern city. To understand social inclusion in cities, it is necessary to consider not only the strength and extent of social networks of familiarity, but also the role of interactions with strangers in the public realm. People with intellectual disability are considered one of the most marginalised groups in society and the study applies the concept of encounter to offer a new perspective on their inclusion/exclusion, informed by contemporary urban theory rather than more nostalgic notions of community. The paper discusses encounters between people with and without intellectual disability in one suburb in Melbourne, Australia. The study is based, primarily, on field observations in a variety of settings in the public realm. Through analysis of these data, a typology of urban encounters is proposed that involves people with and without intellectual disability.
2011
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(2011): Im/polite reader responses on British online news sites. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 7 (2), S. 187-214. DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2011.010
Abstract: Impolite and aggressive behaviour of anonymous users appears to be an important feature of online newspaper comments. This paper identifies and investigates how impoliteness is utilized strategically by newspaper readers to attack the author of an article. Empirical data is drawn from "Have-your-say" sections of the Guardian Online, Times Online and Telegraph Online. Results illustrate that impolite moves frequently involve face-threats that question the jourbalists' authority, credibility and trustworthiness. In the main part of the paper a categorization scheme for different types of impolite moves is introduced and a working definition of impoliteness in the context of "Have-your-say" sections presented. After having sketched a number of fundamental methodological and theoretical challenges in impoliteness research, the paper also demonstrates how the communicative setting and medium influence the realization and interpretation of impolite behaviour in those forms of public debates. Given the challenge of identifying and conceptualizing impoliteness in general and more specifically in a computer-mediated environment, etiquette rules prove especially useful for norms of appropriateness. It is also argued that the strength of those face-threats may be boosted by the fact that they are uttered in front of large audience and more specifically the journalist's readership.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Diskurse in Anwesenheit von Zuhörerschaft/Leserschaft/Audience, Face, Face-threatening acts, Have-your-say sections for readers, Impolite Talk, Infragestellen von Autorität, Infragestellen von Glaubwürdigkeit, Infragestellen von Vertrauenswürdigkeit, Medien, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Online-Journalismus, Rolle (Beruf), Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, time 2008
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(2008): Charles Lamb on Romantic Reading and Social Decorum. In: WORDSWORTH CIRCLE 39 (3), S. 79-85
Abstract: This article discusses topics related to Charles Lamb on Romantic reading and social decorum. It states the for Lamb, reading is essentially an indoor, private activity for pleasure rather than duty. It explains that Lamb cares for the physical condition and appearance of his books and believes that reading entails appreciating its social and cultural status. In addition, Lamb dislikes hearing written and printed works being read aloud, especially newspapers, wherein he states that reading aloud in public is a tedious and potentially embarrassing activity because most readers are slow readers and because their private pleasure is rarely suitable for public exposure.
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(2008): Internet Users' Information Privacy-Protective Responses. A Taxonomy and a Nomological Model. In: MIS Quarterly 32 (3), S. 503-529. DOI: 10.2307/25148854
Abstract: Although Internet users are expected to respond in various ways to privacy threats from online companies, little attention has been paid so far to the complex nature of how users respond to these threats. This paper has two specific goals in its effort to fill this gap in the literature. The first, so that these outcomes can be systematically investigated, is to develop a taxonomy of information privacy-protective responses (IPPR). This taxonomy consists of six types of behavioral responses-refusal, misrepresentation, removal, negative word-of-mouth, complaining directly to online companies, and complaining indirectly to third-party organizations-that are classified into three categories: information provision, private action, and public action. Our second goal is to develop a nomological model with several salient antecedents-concerns for information privacy, perceived justice, and societal benefits from complaining-of IPPR, and to show how the antecedents differentially affect the six types of IPPR. The nomological model is tested with data collected from 523 Internet users. The results indicate that some discernible patterns emerge in the relationships between the antecedents and the three groups of IPPR. These patterns enable researchers to better understand why a certain type of IPPR is similar to or distinct from other types of IPPR Such an understanding could enable researchers to analyze a variety of behavioral responses to information privacy threats in a fairly systematic manner. Overall, this paper contributes to researchers' theory-building efforts in the area of information privacy by breaking new ground for the study of individuals' responses to information privacy threats.
Keywords: Datenschutz, Datenschutz & Privatssphäre, digitale Ökonomie, Disziplin, Ethik, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, manners, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, Online, Philosophie, Privacy and data, Privatsphäre, Reflexionen über MTR, social media, Soziale Angemessenheit, User, Wirtschaftsinformatik 1998
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(1998): Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture. How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. In: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 22 (4), S. 209-228. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022967721884
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022967721884 Abstract: This study found that power and status have different effects on nonverbal behavior. Participants lived together for a term in ten member groups (50 women, 29 men) and rated their housemates on characteristics related to power (toughness and leadership) and sociometric status (popularity and being well-known). Smiling, arm and leg position, and total talking time were recorded in group discussions, one with housemates only and one with strangers included. Power, but not sociometric status, was associated with open-body postures in women and with frequency of talking in women and men. Smiling was unrelated to power and was positively correlated with sociometric status. Male body posture was more open, but women and men did not differ in frequency of talking or smiling.
Keywords: Antworten im Rahmen einer Konversation, Anwesenheit nur von Bekannten/Freunden vs. Anwesenheit von Fremden, Biologische Marker, Dauer, Häufigkeit, Menge des Sprechens eines Konversationspartners, Gender, Gestik, Konversationsanalyse, Körperhaltung, Korrespondenz, Kultureller Kontext, Lächeln, Offenheit vs. Geschlossenheit der Körperhaötung, Öffentlicher vs. privater Raum, (Position der) Extremitäten, Sozialer Raum, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechzeit, Status, Turn-taking innerhalb der Konsersation
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