Alle Publikationen
2012
-
(2012): "Emotion": The History of a Keyword in Crisis. In: Emotion review : journal of the International Society for Research on Emotion 4 (4), S. 338-344. DOI: 10.1177/1754073912445814
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573683 Abstract: The word "emotion" has named a psychological category and a subject for systematic enquiry only since the 19th century. Before then, relevant mental states were categorised variously as "appetites," "passions," "affections," or "sentiments." The word "emotion" has existed in English since the 17th century, originating as a translation of the French émotion, meaning a physical disturbance. It came into much wider use in 18th-century English, often to refer to mental experiences, becoming a fully fledged theoretical term in the following century, especially through the influence of two Scottish philosopher-physicians, Thomas Brown and Charles Bell. This article relates this intellectual and semantic history to contemporary debates about the usefulness and meaning of "emotion" as a scientific term.
-
(2012): How institutions think. London: Routledge (Routledge revivals)
-
(2012): Humor use in power-differentiated interactions. In: Humor 25 (4), S. 1613-3722. DOI: 10.1515/humor-2012-0025
Abstract: Humor serves a variety of functions in interpersonal communication, including the release of tension and the diffusion of conflict. Based on Dyadic Power Theory (Dunbar 2004; Dunbar and Abra 2010), it is predicted that interactants of equal power will use more humor and different types of humor than those either relatively high or low in power as compared to their partners. The present study analyzed experimentally manipulated problem-solving interactions between research participants (N = 150) and confederate strangers. Participants used a mean of 8 humorous statements in interactions that lasted for a mean of 15 minutes. The results revealed that power did not influence the amount of humor used overall but those who were equal in power used more tension-releasing humor than those unequal in power. Additionally, those with equal power or high power positions were more likely to use humor to disparage the task or laugh along with their partner than those low in power. Humor use did not affect the participants' satisfaction with the interaction, but those who laughed along with their partner exerted more influence over the outcome of the problem-solving task. Although not hypothesized, some sex differences in types of humor use also emerged.
-
(2012) : Robot-specific social cues in emotional body language In: Staff, IEEE: 2012 IEEE Ro-Man: 2012 RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Paris, France: 9/9/2012 - 9/13/2012. IEEE Staff: [Place of publication not identified]: IEEE, S. 1019-1025
-
(2012): Human hierarchies. A general theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publ
Abstract: Human beings are hierarchical animals. Always and everywhere, people have developed social ranking systems. These differ dramatically in how they are organized, but the underlying causal mechanisms that create and sustain them are the same. Whether they are on the top or bottom of the heap, people attempt to be superior to some other persons or group. This is the root of Melvyn L. Fein’s thesis presented in Human Hierarchies: A General Theory. Fein traces the development of changes from hunter-gatherer times to our own techno-commercial society. In moving from small to large communities, humans went from face-to-face contests for superiority to more anonymous and symbolic ones. Societies evolved from hunting bands where the parties knew each other through big-men societies, chieftainships, agrarian empires, patronage chains, caste societies, estate systems, and market-oriented democracies. Where once small groupings were organized primarily by strong forces such as personal relationships, the now standard large groupings are more dependent on weaker forces such as those provided by social roles. Bureaucracies and professional roles have become prominent. Bureaucracies allow large-scale organizations to maintain control of people by limiting the potential destructiveness of unregulated tests of strength and by clarifying chains of command. Their rigidity and unresponsiveness requires that they be supplemented by professional roles. At the same time, a proliferation of self-motivated experts delegate authority downward, thereby introducing a more flexible decentralization. This analysis is a unique and significant advance in both the sociology and anthropology of stratification among humans.
-
(2012): Towards building intelligent speech interfaces through the use of more flexible, robust and natural dialogue management solutions. In: Interacting with Computers 24 (6), S. 482-498. DOI: 10.1016/j.intcom.2012.09.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2012.09.003 Abstract: In this paper a Bayesian Networks-based solution for dialogue modelling is presented. This solution is combined with carefully designed contextual information handling strategies. With the purpose of validating these solutions, and introducing a spoken dialogue system for controlling a Hi-Fi audio system as the selected prototype, a real-user evaluation has been conducted. Two different versions of the prototype are compared. Each version corresponds to a different implementation of the algorithm for the management of the actuation order, the algorithm for deciding the proper order to carry out the actions required by the user. The evaluation is carried out in terms of a battery of both subjective and objective metrics collected from speakers interacting with the Hi-Fi audio box through predefined scenarios. Defined metrics have been specifically adapted to measure: first, the usefulness and the actual relevance of the proposed solutions, and, secondly, their joint performance through their intelligent combination mainly measured as the level achieved with regard to the user satisfaction. A thorough and comprehensive study of the main differences between both approaches is presented. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests are also included to measure the effects of both: the system used and the type of scenario factors, simultaneously. Finally, the effect of bringing this flexibility, robustness and naturalness into our home dialogue system is also analyzed through the results obtained. These results show that the intelligence of our speech interface has been well perceived, highlighting its excellent ease of use and its good acceptance by users, therefore validating the approached dialogue management solutions and demonstrating that a more natural, flexible and robust dialogue is possible thanks to them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2012): Interdisciplinary technology assessment of service robots: the psychological/work science perspective. In: Poiesis Prax 9 (3-4), S. 231-248. DOI: 10.1007/s10202-012-0113-6
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226997 Abstract: The article sheds light on psychological and work science aspects of the design and utilization of service robots. An initial presentation of the characteristics of man-robot interaction is followed by a discussion of the principles of the division of functions between human beings and robots in service area work systems. The following aspects are to be considered: (1) the organisation of societal work (such as the different employment and professional profiles of service employees), (2) the work tasks to be performed by humans and robots (such as handling, monitoring or decision-making tasks), (3) the possibilities and the limitations of realizing such tasks by means of information technology (depending, for example, on the motoric capabilities, perception and cognition of the robot). Consideration of these three design perspectives gives rise to criteria of usability. Current debate focuses on the (work science) principles of man-machine communication, though in future these should be supplemented with robot-specific criteria such as "motoric capabilities" or "relationship quality." The article concludes by advocating the convergence and combination of work science criteria with ideas drawn from participative design approaches in the development and utilization of service robots.
Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung -
(2012): Wie lässt sich der Einfluss von Kultur auf Erleben und Verhalten messen?. In: Diagnostica 58 (2), S. 53-63. DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000045
Abstract: Die Frage nach dem Einfluss von Kultur auf Erleben und Verhalten hat innerhalb der quantitativen Psychologie erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zunächst wird geklärt, was unter "Kultur" theoretisch und forschungspraktisch zu verstehen ist, wie sich psychologisch relevante Einflüsse von Kultur nachweisen lassen und welche Variablen diesen Einfluss vermitteln. Der empirische Schwerpunkt liegt auf den deutschsprachigen Adaptionen der "Self-Construal Scale" (SCS), der "Sex-Role Ideology Scale" (SRIS) und der "Tightness-Looseness Scale" (TLS), die ein breites Spektrum an kulturvermittelnden Variablen erfassen. Die adaptierten Skalen wurden bei einer heterogenen deutschen Stichprobe (515 Personen) hinsichtlich ihrer faktoriellen Struktur, Reliabilitäten und Validitätsindikatoren untersucht. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften erwiesen sich als zufriedenstellend bis gut und als mit den Originalskalen gut vergleichbar. Zusammengenommen bilden die Skalen, erstmals im deutschsprachigen Bereich, eine reliable, multidimensionale Fragebogenbatterie, die den Einfluss von Kultur in testökonomisch vertretbarer Weise messbar macht. zitiert von 15
-
Friedman, Morton P.; Das, Jagannath Prasad; O’Connor, Neil (Hg.) (2012): Intelligence and Learning. Boston, MA: Springer Verlag
-
(2012): Language as Social Coordination. An evolutionary perspective. In: Interaction Studies 13 (1), S. 103-124. DOI: 10.1075/is.13.1.07fus
Abstract: Human social coordination is often mediated by language. Through verbal dialogue, people direct each other's attention to properties of their shared environment, they discuss how to jointly solve problems, share their introspections, and distribute roles and assignments. In this article, we propose a dynamical framework for the study of the coordinative role of language. Based on a review of a number of recent experimental studies, we argue that shared symbolic patterns emerge and stabilize through a process of local reciprocal linguistic alignment. Such patterns in turn come to facilitate and refine social coordination by enabling the alignment, joint construction and navigation of conceptual models and actions. Implications of the framework are illustrated and discussed in relation to a case study where dyads of interlocutors interact verbally to reach joint decisions in a perceptual discrimination task.
Keywords: adaptivity, affordances, Communication, CONSTRAINTS, Conversation, dialogue, emergence, Evolution, HUMAN-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, INTERACTING MINDS, Interaction, Interaktion, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Koordination, Language, linguistic alignment, Linguistik, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, social coordination, symbolic patterns -
(2012): Interplay of oxytocin, vasopressin, and sex hormones in the regulation of social recognition. In: Behavioral neuroscience 126 (1), S. 97-109. DOI: 10.1037/a0026464
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22141469 Abstract: Social Recognition is a fundamental skill that forms the basis of behaviors essential to the proper functioning of pair or group living in most social species. We review here various neurobiological and genetic studies that point to an interplay of oxytocin (OT), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and the gonadal hormones, estrogens and testosterone, in the mediation of social recognition. Results of a number of studies have shown that OT and its actions at the medial amygdala seem to be essential for social recognition in both sexes. Estrogens facilitate social recognition, possibly by regulating OT production in the hypothalamus and the OT receptors at the medial amygdala. Estrogens also affect social recognition on a rapid time scale, likely through nongenomic actions. The mechanisms of these rapid effects are currently unknown but available evidence points at the hippocampus as the possible site of action. Male rodents seem to be more dependent on AVP acting at the level of the lateral septum for social recognition than female rodents. Results of various studies suggest that testosterone and its metabolites (including estradiol) influence social recognition in males primarily through the AVP V1a receptor. Overall, it appears that gonadal hormone modulation of OT and AVP regulates and fine tunes social recognition and those behaviors that depend upon it (e.g., social bonds, social hierarchies) in a sex specific manner. This points at an important role for these neuroendocrine systems in the regulation of the sex differences that are evident in social behavior and of sociality as a whole.
Keywords: Amygdala, Animals, behaviour, Biologische Marker, Erinnerung, Erkennen von Personen und Situationen, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, hierarchy, Hormone, Hormonhaushalt, Male, Metabolism, Neurobiologie, Neuroscientific social cognition, Oxytocin, physiology, RECOGNITION, Social Behavior, Social recognition, Sozialpsychologie, Status, Vasopressins, Wiedererkennen -
(2012): In Defense of Phenomenological Approaches to Social Cognition: Interacting with the Critics. In: Review of Philosophy and Psychology 3 (2), S. 187-212. DOI: 10.1007/s13164-011-0080-1
-
(2012) : Design, integration and test of a shopping assistance robot system: 2012 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Boston, MA: IEEE, S. 135-136
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2157689.2157722 Abstract: In this paper is described the current work towards the design of a shopping assistant robot system. This system will allow users to keep control of what they are buying; the robot will help the customer by handling its shopping list, carrying with all the products, and serving as a companion. In this work is also shown the acceptability studies for this kind of robot.
-
(2012): Kultursensible Diagnostik in Forschung und Praxis. In: Psychotherapeut 57 (1), S. 22-28. DOI: 10.1007/s00278-011-0877-5
Abstract: Nearly one fifth of the German population are migrants of the first and second generation. Evidence-based knowledge about mental health of migrants, their health care needs and the actual mental health care situation of this population is limited. Psychometric instruments are helpful for the assessment of mental disorders. Although a culture-sensitive approach in diagnostics is necessary it is often neglected in research as well as in clinical practice. This article describes culture-specific and linguistic challenges and specifies specific communication problems. In most cases psychometric instruments are not developed simultaneously in different languages but are translated later on. After translation psychometric instruments should be culturally validated and adapted with respect to linguistic, cultural and metric equivalence. The article gives an overview about the different aspects of equivalence and explains these aspects on the example of the PHQ-9.
Keywords: bias, Culture, culture sensitive, DEPRESSION, Disziplin, GERMAN GENERAL-POPULATION, GUIDELINES, Kultur, Kultursensitivität am Beispiel von PHQ-9, Kulturtheorie, MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE, MENTAL-DISORDERS, MIGRANTS, Migration, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, PHQ-9, PRIMARY-CARE, Psychologie, psychometrics, Translation, Translations -
(2012): Teleoperation of Multiple Social Robots. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 42 (3), S. 530-544. DOI: 10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2164243
Abstract: Teleoperation of multiple robots by a single operator has been studied extensively for applications such as search and navigation; however, this concept has never been applied to the field of social, conversational robots. In this paper, we explore the unique challenges posed by the remote operation of multiple social robots, where an operator must perform auditory multitasking to assist multiple interactions at once. It describes the general system requirements in four areas: social human-robot interaction (HRI) design, autonomy design, multirobot coordination, and teleoperation interface design. Based on this design framework, we have developed a system in which a single operator can simultaneously control four robots in conversational interactions with users. Key elements of our implementation include a control architecture enabling the scripting of conditional behavior flows for social interaction, a graphical interface enabling an operator to control one robot at a time while monitoring several others in the background, and a technique called "proactive timing control," which is an automated method for smoothly interleaving the demands of multiple robots for the operator's attention. We also present metrics for describing and predicting robot performance, and we show experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our system through simulations and a laboratory experiment based on real-world interactions.
Keywords: Adjustable autonomy, communication robots, human-robot interaction (HRI), Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), multiple robots, networked robots, Realtechnik, single-operator multiple-robot systems, social robots, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Robotik, supervisory control, Technik, teleoperation of social robots -
(2012): The Mess Inside. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
-
(2012): Mindset theory of action phases
Abstract: Mindset theory of action phases is based on the distinction between motivation and volition as proposed by the Rubicon model which claims that prior to crossing the Rubicon (i.e., making a goal decision) motivational principles apply whereas thereafter volitional principles set in. The latter are concerned with goal implementation, whereas the former relate to the choosing of goals. Mindset theory of action phases proposes that different cognitive procedures are activated when people tackle the task of choosing goals versus implementing them. The respective task demands determine the features that characterize the deliberative versus implemental mindset. These pertain to what type of information is preferably processed and how it is analyzed. Mindset research has produced findings that not only support the motivation versus volition distinction but also, enlighten various debates and theories in social psychology (e.g., optimism versus realism debate, dual process theories, goal theory). Mindset theory of action phases has also spurred research on effective planning by pointing to implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans). This research has had much applied impact. When it was linked up to research on strategies of motivationally smart goal setting (i.e., mental contrasting), it initiated the development of a time- and cost-effective behavior change intervention. zitiert von 143
-
(2012): Feeling robots and human zombies. Mind perception and the uncanny valley. In: Cognition 125 (1), S. 125-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784682 Abstract: The uncanny valley-the unnerving nature of humanlike robots-is an intriguing idea, but both its existence and its underlying cause are debated. We propose that humanlike robots are not only unnerving, but are so because their appearance prompts attributions of mind. In particular, we suggest that machines become unnerving when people ascribe to them experience (the capacity to feel and sense), rather than agency (the capacity to act and do). Experiment 1 examined whether a machine's humanlike appearance prompts both ascriptions of experience and feelings of unease. Experiment 2 tested whether a machine capable of experience remains unnerving, even without a humanlike appearance. Experiment 3 investigated whether the perceived lack of experience can also help explain the creepiness of unfeeling humans and philosophical zombies. These experiments demonstrate that feelings of uncanniness are tied to perceptions of experience, and also suggest that experience-but not agency-is seen as fundamental to humans, and fundamentally lacking in machines.
Keywords: Emotions, Favoriten, Female, humanlike, humanlike robots, Humans, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Intellectual Disability/psychology, Male, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), nervende Roboter, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, philosophical zombie, philosophy of mind, Reflexionen über MTR, Robotics, Simulation von Menschlichkeit, theory of mind -
(2012): The Interaction Between Culture, Health and Psychological Well-Being. Data Mining from the Italian Culture and Well-Being Project. In: Journal of Happiness Studies 13 (1), S. 129-148. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-011-9254-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9254-x Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of health status and cultural participation upon psychological well-being, with special attention to the interaction between patterns of cultural access and other factors known to affect psychological well-being. Data for this report were collected from a sample of 1,500 Italian citizens. A multi-step random sampling method was adopted to draw a large representative sample from the Italian population. Subjects underwent a standard questionnaire for psychological well-being [the Italian short form of the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWBI)], and a questionnaire related to the frequency of participation to 15 different kinds of cultural activities during the previous year. The results show that, among the various potential factors considered, cultural access unexpectedly rankes as the second most important determinant of psychological well-being, immediately after the absence or presence of diseases, and outpe rforming factors such as job, age, income, civil status, education, place of living and other important factors. According to a semantic map generated by a powerful data mining algorithm, it turns out that different factors (among which cultural access and health status in particular) may be viewed as concurrent elements of a complex multi-causal scheme that seems to play a primary role in determining psychological distress or well-being. In particular, distress seems to be tightly connected with: living in the Southern part of Italy, average income level, living in semi-urban and urban areas, age group 46–60, presence of more than two concomitant diseases and a low level of cultural access. Well being, on the other hand, is tightly connected with: male gender, high cultural access, and absence of diseases. Some of these associations are confirmed by Principal Component Analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert vin 68
-
(2012): The intersection of justice and leadership. Testing a moderation model of contingent reward and interpersonal fairness. In: European Management Journal 30 (6), S. 490-498. DOI: 10.1016/j.emj.2012.03.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2012.03.003 Abstract: Previous studies show the positive impact of contingent reward on satisfaction, but few have examined moderators of this effect. We theorized that interpersonal fairness—treating people with dignity and respect—moderates the contingent reward effect because it creates the situation in which followers can positively engage with contingent reward efforts from their leaders. We therefore examined how interpersonal fairness moderates the contingent reward effect, finding that the positive impact of contingent rewards is stronger as interpersonal fairness increases. The implication of the finding is that using contingent rewards may only be effective when implemented in a polite, respectful manner represented by interpersonal fairness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2012) : Using psychophysiological feedback to enhance physical human robot interaction in a cooperative scenario: 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob): 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob): Rome, Italy: IEEE, S. 1176-1181
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/BioRob.2012.6290845 Abstract: ”Human state aware” systems, may be able to improve physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) by adapting their behavior and cooperation level accordingly to human psychophysiological feedback. This paper reviews the impact of the emotions on the motor control performance, and studies the possibility of improving the perceived skill/challenge relation on a multimodal neural rehabilitation scenario. For this purpose, a biocooperative controller that modulate the assistance given by a robotic haptic interface in reaction to undesirable physical and mental states was designed. Open and closed loop experiments made over eleven non impaired subjects, shows that psychophisiological feedback estimates, can help considerably on improving pHRI in a cooperative scenario.
-
(2012): The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. New York City, USA: Vintage
-
(2012) : A cultural sensitive agent for human-computer negotiation: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems: AAMAS 12: Richland: International Foundation for Autonomous Agent and Multiagent Systems, S. 451-458
-
(2012): Inequity in the pursuit of intimacy. An analysis of British pick-up artist interactions. In: Journal of Pragmatics 44 (9), S. 1115-1127. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.04.008
Abstract: The data presented here come from a collection of surreptitious audio recordings of naturally occurring talk-in-interaction between previously unacquainted women and male 'Pick-Up Artists' (PUAs) in the UK. Our approach draws on close observations of these interactional data to demonstrate how PUAs move from a state of unacquaintedness towards more 'intimate' forms of interactional involvement. A prototypical PUA is a male who seeks to be successful at 'seducing' women. 'PUA is not a category label given to the individual, but is one that he claims for himself within an existing PUA Community of Practice. A common community belief is that the means of seduction are not rooted in physical attractiveness, social status or wealth, but in the interaction. The claimed 'art' in pick-up artistry may be seen in the relative speed with which the protagonist may gain INTIMACY with their fellow interlocutor. The PUA operates, as Goffman (1967b) describes it, "where the action is"; they are every bit the gambler in a high-stakes game where risky plays - which include issues of im/politeness and IN/EQUITY - can have high payoffs. The focus of this paper is how PUAs actually play the game.
-
(2012) : How to sustain long-term interaction between children and ROBOSEM in English class: 2012 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Boston, MA: IEEE
Abstract: According to studies confirming that robot assisted learning (RAL) can positively contribute to improving learners' motivation and achievement for language learning [1,4], RAL is facing its diffusion through the demand of parents and government. However, the biggest obstacle to the long-term interaction between humans and robots is the robots' low-success rate of visual and voice recognition, as well as the limitation of artificial intelligence for the daily-life HRI [3]. This study demonstrated ROBOSEM's ability to sustain long term interaction between children and a robot in an elementary English class from the pilot studies with IROBIQ, called Langbot [1]. Five factors are of concern in sustaining the long-term interaction between children and ROBOSEM, as shown in Figure 2: (1) enhancing the recognition ability of ROBOSEM with class materials, such as marker hats, bracelet watches embodied RFID tags, Wiimocon, etc; (2) sharing the birth story of ROBOSEM, which works to increase children's tolerance toward weak recognition from the result of [2]; (3) making a favorable impression, such as by flashing children's faces on the screen; (4) telling the history of a child's personal learning activities; and (5) tele-operation by the intelligence of a human being.