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  • 2017

  • Hiatt, L. M.; Trafton, J. G. (2017): Familiarity, Priming, and Perception in Similarity Judgments. In: Cognitive Science 41 (6), S. 1450-1484. DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12418

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27766669 

    Abstract: We present a novel way of accounting for similarity judgments. Our approach posits that similarity stems from three main sources-familiarity, priming, and inherent perceptual likeness. Here, we explore each of these constructs and demonstrate their individual and combined effectiveness in explaining similarity judgments. Using these three measures, our account of similarity explains ratings of simple, color-based perceptual stimuli that display asymmetry effects, as well as more complicated perceptual stimuli with structural properties; more traditional approaches to similarity solve one or the other and have difficulty accounting for both. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of each of these components of similarity in explaining similarity judgments, both individually and together, and suggests important implications for other similarity approaches. zitiert von 6

    Keywords: Association Learning/physiology, Color Perception/physiology, familiarity, Humans, Judgment/physiology, Kognitionswissenschaften, Models, Psychological, Photic Stimulation, Recognition (Psychology)/physiology, Repetition Priming/physiology

  • 2016

  • Shao, Hanyu; Opitz, Bertram; Yang, Jiongjiong; Weng, Xuchu (2016): Recollection reduces unitised familiarity effect. In: Memory (Hove, England) 24 (4), S. 535-547. DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1021258

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25793354 

    Abstract: Two types of encoding tasks have been employed in previous research to investigate the beneficial effect of unitisation on familiarity-based associative recognition (unitised familiarity effect), namely the compound task and the interactive imagery task. Here we show how these two tasks could differentially engage subsequent recollection-based associative recognition and consequently lead to the turn-on or turn-off of the unitised familiarity effect. In the compound task, participants studied unrelated word pairs as newly learned compounds. In the interactive imagery task, participants studied the same word pairs as interactive images. An associative recognition task was used in combination with the Remember/Know procedure to measure recollection-based and familiarity-based associative recognition. The results showed that the unitised familiarity effect was present in the compound task but was absent in the interactive imagery task. A comparison of the compound and the interactive imagery task revealed a dramatic increase in recollection-based associative recognition for the interactive imagery task. These results suggest that unitisation could benefit familiarity-based associative recognition; however, this effect will be eliminated when the memory trace formed is easily accessed by strong recollection without the need for a familiarity assessment. zitiert von 5

    Keywords: Adult, Association Learning, familiarity, Female, Human Information Storage, Humans, Imagery, MEMORY, Kognitionswissenschaften, Mental Recall/physiology, Male, Recognition (Learning), Recognition (Psychology)/physiology, Retention, Young Adult

  • 2012

  • Matsuda, Yoshi-Taka; Okamoto, Yoko; Ida, Misako; Okanoya, Kazuo; Myowa-Yamakoshi, Masako (2012): Infants prefer the faces of strangers or mothers to morphed faces. An uncanny valley between social novelty and familiarity. In: Biology letters 8 (5), S. 725-728. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0346

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696289 

    Abstract: The 'uncanny valley' response is a phenomenon involving the elicitation of a negative feeling and subsequent avoidant behaviour in human adults and infants as a result of viewing very realistic human-like robots or computer avatars. It is hypothesized that this uncanny feeling occurs because the realistic synthetic characters elicit the concept of 'human' but fail to satisfy it. Such violations of our normal expectations regarding social signals generate a feeling of unease. This conflict-induced uncanny valley between mutually exclusive categories (human and synthetic agent) raises a new question: could an uncanny feeling be elicited by other mutually exclusive categories, such as familiarity and novelty? Given that infants prefer both familiarity and novelty in social objects, we address this question as well as the associated developmental profile. Using the morphing technique and a preferential-looking paradigm, we demonstrated uncanny valley responses of infants to faces of mothers (i.e. familiarity) and strangers (i.e. novelty). Furthermore, this effect strengthened with the infant's age. We excluded the possibility that infants detect and avoid traces of morphing. This conclusion follows from our finding that the infants equally preferred strangers' faces and the morphed faces of two strangers. These results indicate that an uncanny valley between familiarity and novelty may accentuate the categorical perception of familiar and novel objects.

    Keywords: Adult, Bekanntheitsgrad, Biologie, Emotions, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, erwartungen und Erwartungserwartungen, Eye Movements, Face, familiarity, Female, Humans, Infant, Learning, Male, Mothers, Pattern Recognition, Visual, PERCEPTION, Psychologie, p-zombies, Recognition (Psychology)/physiology, Uncanny Valley Effekt, Visual Perception/physiology
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