Alle Publikationen
2019
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(2019): Anthropomorphization of artificial agents leads to fair and strategic, but not altruistic behavior. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 122, S. 168-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.09.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.09.008 Abstract: With robots playing an increasing role in our daily lives, our emotional responses to them have become an active subject of study. The process of anthropomorphization, ascribing human affordances to non-human objects, is thought to play a large role in human-robot interaction. However, earlier studies have relied largely on experimenter’s manipulation of anthropomorphism, and the use of virtual robots. The aim of this study was to investigate peopleâs fairness preference and strategic and altruistic behavior toward different opponents (a human, a semi-humanoid and a spider-like robot, and a laptop) in two economic games. Anthropomorphization questionnaires and mood measures were also administered. Our findings suggest that fairness preference and strategic behavior are not predicted by the opponent’s physical appearance, but instead predicted by individual differences in the tendency to anthropomorphize others. Altruistic behavior, on the other hand, is affected by the opponent’s physical appearance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2019): Systematic literature review of hand gestures used in human computer interaction interfaces. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 129, S. 74-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.03.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.03.011 Abstract: Gestures, widely accepted as a humans’ natural mode of interaction with their surroundings, have been considered for use in human-computer based interfaces since the early 1980s. They have been explored and implemented, with a range of success and maturity levels, in a variety of fields, facilitated by a multitude of technologies. Underpinning gesture theory however focuses on gestures performed simultaneously with speech, and majority of gesture based interfaces are supported by other modes of interaction. This article reports the results of a systematic review undertaken to identify characteristics of touchless/in-air hand gestures used in interaction interfaces. 148 articles were reviewed reporting on gesture-based interaction interfaces, identified through searching engineering and science databases (Engineering Village, Pro Quest, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science). The goal of the review was to map the field of gesture-based interfaces, investigate the patterns in gesture use, and identify common combinations of gestures for different combinations of applications and technologies. From the review, the community seems disparate with little evidence of building upon prior work and a fundamental framework of gesture-based interaction is not evident. However, the findings can help inform future developments and provide valuable information about the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches. It was further found that the nature and appropriateness of gestures used was not a primary factor in gesture elicitation when designing gesture based systems, and that ease of technology implementation often took precedence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2018
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(2018): Emotionale Roboter im Pflegekontext : Empirische Analyse des bisherigen Einsatzes und der Wirkungen von Paro und Pleo. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 51 (1), S. 16-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1346-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218400 Abstract: BACKGROUND It has been questioned by researchers in robotics as well in the general public to what extent companion-type robots can support the elderly with the fulfillment of their psychological and social needs. Although these robots have already been used in care settings in Germany, research has referred little to this practical experience in order to analyze their impact and benefit. To start to close this gap, the current article reports on the current use of companion-type robots in care settings, on the effects reported by professional caregivers as well as on the role of psychosocial needs in the acceptance and use of companion-type robots by the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first study, 30 professional caregivers with experience in the use of the robot seal Paro in care settings were interviewed regarding Paro's application and the observed effects on their clients. In the second study, three case examples are presented from an interaction study in which vulnerable elderly persons had the robot dinosaur Pleo at their disposal for a maximum period of 15 days. RESULTS Paro is used very flexibly in a variety of settings and with a broad range of user groups (study 1). The reported psychosocial effects were mainly positive but short term. The case examples (study 2) show that psychosocial needs can both foster or hinder robot acceptance and use. They also emphasize the important role of caregivers in the interaction between the elderly and emotional robots in the context of eldercare. CONCLUSION The beneficial and ethical use of companion-type robots in care settings demands a high commitment on the part of the caregivers. Given this prerequisite, emotional robots can be a valuable therapeutic tool.
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(2018) : Ethical and Social Considerations for the Introduction of Human-Centered Technologies at Work: 2018 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO): Genoa, Italy: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 131-138
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2018.8625830 Abstract: Human-centered technologies such as collaborative robots, exoskeletons, and wearable sensors are rapidly spreading in industry and manufacturing because of their intrinsic potential at assisting workers and improving their working conditions. The deployment of these technologies, albeit inevitable, poses several ethical and societal issues. Guidelines for ethically aligned design of autonomous and intelligent systems do exist, however we argue that ethical recommendations must necessarily be complemented by an analysis of the social impact of these technologies. In this paper, we report on our preliminary studies on the opinion of factory workers and of people outside this environment on human-centered technologies at work. In light of these studies, we discuss ethical and social considerations for deploying these technologies in a way that improves acceptance.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative robots, control engineering computing, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, ethical issues, ethical recommendations, ethically aligned design, exoskeletons, Human Computer Interaction, Human Factors, human-centered technologies, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interviews, knowledge based systems, Moral & Ethik, Production facilities, Robot sensing systems, social aspects of automation, social considerations, societal issues, user centred design, wearable sensors, working conditions -
(2018) : Emotionally Adaptive Driver Voice Alert System for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) Applications: 2018 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT): Tirunelveli, India: IEEE, S. 509-512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSIT.2018.8748541 Abstract: Human cognitive analysis catalyzes the innovations in Human Machine Interface (HMI) for a variety of applications. In an Automotive Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), the continuous cognitive interaction of the driver with the assistance system plays a crucial role in enhancing the active safety system. Multiple ADAS functionalities uses a variety of driver alerts through visual, audio and vibrational means to provide a numerous safety alerts to the driver. The effectiveness of any alert system is measured through its success rate in mitigating the actions which are against the alert commands. The actions taken by the driver for the alerts depends heavily on the driver’s moods, which are responsible for driver’s perception in understanding the alerts. Even though the voice alerts are considered as the most effective form of human alerts, the static nature of the voice alerts makes them less effective in making the driver to understand the criticality of the alerts when his moods are abnormal or having a reduced driving concentration levels. An adaptive voice alert system with a cognitive driver synchronization makes the alert penetration successful when the driver’s moods are abnormal or having a reduced driving concentration levels. Here in this paper the adaptive voice alert system is designed using the driver’s emotional cognitive features. The emotionally adaptive voice alert system changes the voice alerts as according to the moods of the driver, which are measured by Deep Learning based Emotion Recognition System. The adaptive voice alert system makes the voice enabled HMI effective which improves the vehicle safety.
Keywords: active safety system, adaptive driver voice alert system, Adaptive systems, Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), advanced driver assistance system applications, Advanced driver assistance systems, alert commands, alert penetration successful, automotive advanced driver assistance system, Cognition, cognitive driver synchronization, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), driver alerts, driver information systems, emotion recognition, emotion recognition system, Emotion Recognition System (ERS), emotionally adaptive voice alert system, human alerts, human cognitive analysis, Human Computer Interaction, Human Machine Interface (HMI), ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Monitoring, natural language interfaces, safety alerts, Vehicles, voice alerts 2017
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(2017): Adaptive social robot for sustaining social engagement during long-term Children–Robot Interaction. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 33 (12), S. 943-962. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2017.1300750
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1300750 Abstract: One of the known challenges in Children–Robot Interaction (cHRI) is to sustain children’s engagement during long-term interactions with robots. Researchers have hypothesized that robots that can adapt to children’s affective states and can also learn from the environment can result in sustaining engagement during cHRI. Recently, researchers have conducted a range of studies where robots portray different social capabilities and have shown that it has positively influenced children’s engagement. However, despite an immense body of research on implementation of different adaptive social robots, a pivotal question remains unanswered: Which adaptations portrayed by a robot can result in maintaining long-term social engagement during cHRI? In other words, what are the appropriate and effective adaptations portrayed by a robot that will sustain social engagement for an extended number of interactions? In this article, we report on a study conducted with three groups of children who played a snakes and ladders game with the NAO robot to address the aforementioned question. The NAO performed 1) game-based adaptations, 2) emotion-based adaptations, and 3) memory-based adaptation. Our results showed that emotion-based adaptations were found out to be most effective, followed by memory-based adaptations. Game adaptation didn’t result in sustaining long-term social engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Personal greetings: Personalizing robot utterances based on novelty of observed behavior. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 9 (2), S. 181-198. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-016-0385-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0385-4 Abstract: One challenge in creating conversational service robots is how to reproduce the kind of individual recognition and attention that a human can provide. We believe that interactions can be made to seem more warm and humanlike by using sensors to observe a person’s behavior or appearance over time, and programming the robot to comment when it observes a novel feature, such as a new hairstyle, or a consistent behavior, such as visiting every afternoon. To create a system capable of recognizing such novelty and typicality, we collected one month of training data from customers in a shopping mall and recorded features of people’s visits, such as time of day and group size. We then trained SVM classifiers to identify each feature as novel, typical, or neither, based on the inputs of a human coder, and we trained an additional classifier to choose an appropriate topic for a personalized greeting. An utterance generator was developed to generate text for the robot to speak, based on the selected topic and sensor data. A cross-validation analysis showed that the trained classifiers could accurately reproduce human novelty judgments with 88% accuracy and topic selection with 95% accuracy. We then deployed a teleoperated robot using this system to greet customers in a shopping mall for three weeks, and we present example interactions and results from interviews showing that customers appreciated the robot’s personalized greetings and felt a sense of familiarity with the robot. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Don’t stare at me: The impact of a humanoid robot’s gaze upon trust during a cooperative human–robot visual task. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 9 (5), S. 745-753. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-017-0422-y Abstract: Gaze is an important tool for social communication. Gaze can influence trust, likability, and compliance. However, excessive gaze in some contexts can signal threat, dominance and aggression, and hence complex social rules govern the appropriate use of gaze. Using a between-subjects design we investigated the impact of three levels of robot gaze (averted, constant and ’situational’) upon participants’ likelihood of trusting a humanoid robot’s opinion in a cooperative visual tracking task. The robot, acting as a confederate, would disagree with participants’ responses on certain trials, and suggest a different answer. As constant, staring gaze between strangers is associated with dominance and threat, and averted gaze is associated with lying, we predicted participants would be most likely to be persuaded by a robot which only gazed during disagreements (’situational gaze’). However, gender effects were found, with females least likely to trust a robot which stared at them, and no significant differences between averted gaze and situational gaze. Implications and future work are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Enabling robotic social intelligence by engineering human social-cognitive mechanisms. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 43, S. 190-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.09.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.09.005 Abstract: For effective human-robot interaction, we argue that robots must gain social-cognitive mechanisms that allow them to function naturally and intuitively during social interactions with humans. However, a lack of consensus on social cognitive processes poses a challenge for how to design such mechanisms for artificial cognitive systems. We discuss a recent integrative perspective of social cognition to provide a systematic theoretical underpinning for computational instantiations of these mechanisms. We highlight several commitments of our approach that we refer to as Engineering Human Social Cognition. We then provide a series of recommendations to facilitate the development of the perceptual, motor, and cognitive architecture for this proposed artificial cognitive system in future work. For each recommendation, we highlight their relation to the discussed social-cognitive mechanisms, provide the rationale for these recommendations and potential benefits, and detail examples of associated computational formalisms that could be leveraged to instantiate our recommendations. Overall, the goal of this paper is to outline an interdisciplinary and multi-theoretic approach to facilitate the design of robots that will one day function, and be perceived, as socially interactive and effective teammates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016) : The role of culture in online behaviour. In: Attrill, A.: Applied Cyberpsychology: Practical Applications of Cyberpsychological Theory and Research: London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, S. 39-57
Abstract: Why think about the role of culture in the applied aspects of online behavior? In order to answer this question, take a look around you. What do you see? You may be in your own living room, in an office, on a train or a bus. Take a moment to think about these surroundings and other locations in which you live your life. This is the society and culture within which you currently exist. These surroundings and the people in them influence and are imparted upon by the ways in which you carry out your life, both online and offline. The Internet has become such an integral part of our daily lives that many use it without even thinking of it as representing an applied aspect of modern life. By considering cultural differences in online behaviour, we can show that not everyone the world over is reliant on the Internet, nor does everyone the world over use it in the same applied manner. There are both intra- and inter-cultural differences in the applied aspects of online behaviour . Hopefu lly, on reading this chapter, the reader is inspired to consider and explore further areas of cross-cultural research in online behaviour. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): A comparison of head pose and deictic pointing interaction methods for smart environments. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 32 (4), S. 325-351. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2016.1142054
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1142054 Abstract: Pointing is one of the more meaningful gestures in human expression. In this article, deictic and head pose pointing methods are evaluated as interaction means, with the objective of comparing their efficiency and delivered comfort, usability, and user experience to apply them to the deployment of services in smart spaces. Standard tools and questionnaires are applied in a user study with 20 individuals who have tried a Kinect V2-enabled pointing system to a) complete a multidirectional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9241-9 pointing task and b) test a service to command smart objects. The results show that both deictic and head pose interaction perform in a similar way, providing a throughput of 2.14 and 2.04 bits/s, respectively (comparable to joysticks or touchpads in equivalent ISO tasks). The system being quite robust to the user position in the Kinect coverage area, target size influences performance, but also learnability and the overall response when cursor visual cues are not available. From comfort, usability, and user experience responses, it can be said that deictic is perceived to perform better than head pose in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and organization, although head pose is preferred for its speed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Iconic gestures for robot avatars, recognition and integration with speech. In: Frontiers in psychology 7
Abstract: Co-verbal gestures are an important part of human communication, improving its efficiency and efficacy for information conveyance. One possible means by which such multi-modal communication might be realized remotely is through the use of a tele-operated humanoid robot avatar. Such avatars have been previously shown to enhance social presence and operator salience. We present a motion tracking based tele-operation system for the NAO robot platform that allows direct transmission of speech and gestures produced by the operator. To assess the capabilities of this system for transmitting multi-modal communication, we have conducted a user study that investigated if robot-produced iconic gestures are comprehensible, and are integrated with speech. Robot performed gesture outcomes were compared directly to those for gestures produced by a human actor, using a within participant experimental design. We show that iconic gestures produced by a tele-operated robot are understood by participants when presented alone, almost as well as when produced by a human. More importantly, we show that gestures are integrated with speech when presented as part of a multi-modal communication equally well for human and robot performances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Usability and acceptability assessment of an empathic virtual agent to prevent major depression. In: Expert Systems: International Journal of Knowledge Engineering and Neural Networks 33 (4), S. 297-312. DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12151
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12151 Abstract: In Human–Computer Interaction, the adaptation of the content and the way of how this content is communicated to the users in interactive sessions is a critical issue to promote the acceptability and usability of any computational system. We present a user‐adapted interactive platform to identify and provide an early intervention for symptoms of depression and suicide. In particular, we describe the work performed to assess users’ system acceptability and usability. An empathic Virtual Agent is the main interface with the user, and it has been designed to generate the appropriate dialogues and emotions during the interactions according to the detected user’s specific needs. This personalization is based on a dynamic user model nurtured with clinical, demographical and behavioural information. The evaluation was performed with 60 participants from the university community. The obtained results were promising, allowing the execution of a further clinical trial. The system’s usability score was 75.7%, and the score of the user‐adapted content and the emotional responses of the Virtual Agent was 70.9%. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Vibrotactile feedback for conveying object shape information as perceived by artificial sensing of robotic arm. In: Cognitive Neurodynamics 10 (4), S. 327-338. DOI: 10.1007/s11571-016-9386-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-016-9386-0 Abstract: This work is a preliminary study towards developing an alternative communication channel for conveying shape information to aid in recognition of items when tactile perception is hindered. Tactile data, acquired during object exploration by sensor fitted robot arm, are processed to recognize four basic geometric shapes. Patterns representing each shape, classified from tactile data, are generated using micro-controller-driven vibration motors which vibrotactually stimulate users to convey the particular shape information. These motors are attached on the subject’s arm and their psychological (verbal) responses are recorded to assess the competence of the system to convey shape information to the user in form of vibrotactile stimulations. Object shapes are classified from tactile data with an average accuracy of 95.21 %. Three successive sessions of shape recognition from vibrotactile pattern depicted learning of the stimulus from subjects’ psychological response which increased from 75 to 95 %. This observation substantiates the learning of vibrotactile stimulation in user over the sessions which in turn increase the system efficacy. The tactile sensing module and vibrotactile pattern generating module are integrated to complete the system whose operation is analysed in real-time. Thus, the work demonstrates a successful implementation of the complete schema of artificial tactile sensing system for object-shape recognition through vibrotactile stimulations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Development of a socially interactive system with whole-body movements for BHR-4. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 8 (2), S. 183-192. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y Abstract: For a long time, humans have been communicating with others through voice, facial expressions, and body movements. If a humanoid robot has a human-habitual, natural, and human-like interactive form, it tends to be accepted by humans. To date, the majority of the existing humanoid robots have had difficulty in interacting with humans in a human-like way. This study focuses on this issue and develops a socially interactive system for enhancing the natural communication ability of a humanoid robot. The system, which is implemented in an android robot, BHR-4, features hearing, voice conversation, and facial and body emotional expression capabilities. Then, a full-body social motion planner for a humanoid robot is presented. The objective of this planner is to control the whole-body motion of the robot in a way similar to that of humans. Finally, experiments are conducted on the robot regarding its interactions with humans in a pure indoor environment. It is expected that the socially interactive system can enhance the natural communication ability of an android robot. The results of the experiments show that the combination of verbal behavior with facial expressions and body movements is better than verbal behavior alone, verbal behavior combined with facial expressions, or verbal behavior combined with body movements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): A survey of autonomous human affect detection methods for social robots engaged in natural HRI. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 82 (1), S. 101-133. DOI: 10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0259-2 Abstract: In Human-Robot Interactions (HRI), robots should be socially intelligent. They should be able to respond appropriately to human affective and social cues in order to effectively engage in bi-directional communications. Social intelligence would allow a robot to relate to, understand, and interact and share information with people in real-world human-centered environments. This survey paper presents an encompassing review of existing automated affect recognition and classification systems for social robots engaged in various HRI settings. Human-affect detection from facial expressions, body language, voice, and physiological signals are investigated, as well as from a combination of the aforementioned modes. The automated systems are described by their corresponding robotic and HRI applications, the sensors they employ, and the feature detection techniques and affect classification strategies utilized. This paper also discusses pertinent future research directions for promoting the development of socially intelligent robots capable of recognizing, classifying and responding to human affective states during real-time HRI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: affect classification models, Affective Valence, automated affect detection, Body language, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Human Computer Interaction, human-robot interactions, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relation, multi-modal, physiological signals, physiology, Social intelligence, Soziale Intelligenz, VOICE -
(2016): Long-term assessment of a service robot in a hotel environment. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 79, S. 40-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.014 Abstract: The long term evaluation of the Sacarino robot is presented in this paper. The study is aimed to improve the robot‘s capabilities as a bellboy in a hotel; walking alongside the guests, providing information about the city and the hotel and providing hotel-related services. The paper establishes a three-stage assessment methodology based on the continuous measurement of a set of metrics regarding navigation and interaction with guests. Sacarino has been automatically collecting information in a real hotel environment for long periods of time. The acquired information has been analyzed and used to improve the robot’s operation in the hotel through successive refinements. Some interesting considerations and useful hints for the researchers of service robots have been extracted from the analysis of the results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015) : Multimodal affect recognition for naruralistic human-computer and human-robot interactions In: Calvo, Rafael A.; D’Mello, Sidney K.; Gratch, Jonathan; Kappas, Arvid (Hg.): The Oxford handbook of affective computing. Unter Mitarbeit von Rafael A. Calvo, Sidney K. D’Mello, Jonathan Gratch und Arvid Kappas: New York, NY: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology), S. 246-257
Abstract: This chapter provides a synthesis of research on multimodal affect recognition and discusses methodological considerations and challenges arising from the design of a multimodal affect recognition system for naturalistic human-computer and human-robot interactions. Identified challenges include the collection and annotation of spontaneous affective expressions, the choice of appropriate methods for feature representation and selection in a multimodal context, and the need for context sensitivity and for classification schemes that take into account the dynamic nature of affect and the relationship between different modalities. Finally, two examples of multimodal affect recognition systems used in (soft) real-time naturalistic human-computer and human-robot interaction frameworks are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Stress game: The role of motivational robotic assistance in reducing user’s task stress. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (2), S. 227-240. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0256-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0256-9 Abstract: In social HRI context, the robot’s usefulness and appropriate behavior plays an important role. A robot should be able to understand the human’s internal state (i.e., physiological and psychological states) so as to provide an adaptive and thus efficient assistance within daily life activities. Measuring stress and frustration of an individual while performing a certain task is a critical element that can help the robot adapt its behavior so as to improve user’s interest and task performance and to reduce his/her frustration. In this paper, we designed an experiment called ’Stress Game’. In our work, stress is measured in terms of heart rate signal. The robot displays different behaviors as a function of user’s personality and game condition. We conducted our experiments with the NAO robot. The experimental results support our hypotheses that the robot has a positive effect on stress relief. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015) : Psychological aspects of technology interacting with humans In: Sundar, S. S.: The handbook of the psychology of communication technology: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell (Handbooks in communication and media), S. 176-201
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118426456.ch8 Abstract: This chapter describes a large number of sometimes complex studies that in unison have led to the production of a reliable, serviceable sometimes stern but fair care robot. The initial summary of studies is necessary to understand what the smart, sensitive, creative, and moral humanoid that interacts with its human user is actually based upon: Its core is driven by the model called Perceiving and Experiencing Fictional Characters (PEFiC), the interactive variant of which (I-PEFiC) received a module to make affective decisions (ADM). An integration of I-PEFICADM with prevailing emotion models led to the Silicon Coppélia model. Silicon Coppélia, then, was extended by a system for moral reasoning (Moral Coppélia) and is now in the process to become creative (ACASIA) and have an understanding of reality in contrast to fiction (Epistemics of the Virtual). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Angewandte Umweltpsychologie: Drei Interviews mit Psychologen aus dem Arbeitsbereich Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle. In: Umweltpsychologie 19 (2)
Abstract: Der Anwendungsbereich "Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle" (MMS) wird durch Interviews mit zwei Psychologinnen und einem Psychologen vorgestellt. Berichtet wird über ihren beruflichen Werdegang, ihre aktuellen Projekte, die eingesetzten Methoden und über die Herausforderungen, die technischen Umwelten so zu gestalten, dass Menschen möglichst einfach, angenehm und effektiv mit ihnen interagieren können. Es werden unter anderem die Gestaltung von Internetportalen, Mobilität und Fahrassistenzsysteme und die Möglichkeiten der Energieeinsparungen bei U-Bahnen besprochen. Fragen nach der beruflichen Identität sowie nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des kollegialen Austauschs runden die Gespräche ab.
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(2015) : Research ethics in human-computer interaction: A review of ethical concerns in the past five years: 2015 2nd National Foundation for Science and Technology Development Conference on Information and Computer Science (NICS): Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: IEEE, S. 180-185
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NICS.2015.7302187 Abstract: In recent years, novel technologies have been introduced to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research community. Research contexts and the range of studies have been widen. As technology progresses, new ethical issues are posed. This paper examined and reviewed ethical issues and concerns in recent HCI research. An overview of the existing codes of conduct was also provided, in order to get clear a comprehension on the existing concerns in research protocols. The review focused on top-twenty conference series and journals in HCI, published during 2010-June 2015. The purpose was to comprehend the latest ethical issues from the premier work in HCI research community. Altogether 13 categories of ethical concerns were identified. Some of them were consistent with the existing codes, while some of the issues were specific to HCI research. There were some identified issues that should be accentuated, as they currently were not in any of the existing codes.
Keywords: Computer Ethics, Computers, ethical aspects, ethical concerns, ethical issues, Ethics, HCI, HCI research community, Human Computer Interaction, Human-computer interaction, human-computer interaction research community, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, privacy, PSYCHOLOGY, research ethics, Review, service robot -
(2015): Measuring communication participation to initiate conversation in human–robot interaction. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (5), S. 889-910. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0285-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0285-z Abstract: Consider a situation where a robot initiates a conversation with a person. What is the appropriate timing for such an action? Where is a good position from which to make the initial greeting? In this study, we analyze human interactions and establish a model for a natural way of initiating conversation. Our model mainly involves the participation state and spatial formation. When a person prepares to participate in a conversation and a particular spatial formation occurs, he/she feels that he/she is participating in the conversation; once he/she perceives his/her participation, he/she maintains particular spatial formations. Theories have addressed human communication related to these concepts, but they have only covered situations after people start to talk. In this research, we created a participation state model for measuring communication participation and provided a clear set of guidelines for how to structure a robot’s behavior to start and maintain a conversation based on the model. Our model precisely describes the constraints and expected behaviors for the phase of initiating conversation. We implemented our proposed model in a humanoid robot and conducted both a system evaluation and a user evaluation in a shop scenario experiment. It was shown that good recognition accuracy of interaction state in a conversation was achieved with our proposed model, and the robot implemented with our proposed model was evaluated as best in terms of appropriateness of behaviors and interaction efficiency compared with other two alternative conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): An affordance sensitive system for robot to human object handover. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (4), S. 653-666. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0241-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0241-3 Abstract: One of the most important characteristics that needs to be taken into account while designing advanced human-robot interaction systems is the ability of the robot to behave in a socially acceptable way that is comfortable for humans. This paper presents a novel system for robot to human object handover that maximizes user’s convenience while receiving the object. The object is delivered to the receiving partner such that the most appropriate part is oriented towards him/her. The system has been developed supporting all the necessary phases of the handover task, including object recognition, people detection, robot motion planning, and automatic detection of user’s grasp. Moreover, voice recognition and text-to-speech have been integrated to enable natural object selection in environments that include multiple objects. The experimental setup consists of a six degree of freedom robot arm equipped with a two-finger gripper and an eye-in-hand laser scanner for object recognition, as well as a fixed range sensor for people and grasp detection. A user study has been conducted to assess the usability of the system and verify whether novice users can successfully accomplish a handover task with the system. The user study has confirmed that the proposed solution allows a more comfortable handover than a system disregarding object orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): An attentional approach to human–robot interactive manipulation. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (4), S. 533-553. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0236-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0236-0 Abstract: Human robot collaborative work requires interactive manipulation and object handover. During the execution of such tasks, the robot should monitor manipulation cues to assess the human intentions and quickly determine the appropriate execution strategies. In this paper, we present a control architecture that combines a supervisory attentional system with a human aware manipulation planner to support effective and safe collaborative manipulation. After detailing the approach, we present experimental results describing the system at work with different manipulation tasks (give, receive, pick, and place). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)