Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups. In: Social Psychology 49 (3), S. 125-134. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000329
Abstract: Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design and found that the association between animal-related words and outgroups was more prevalent in comparison to ingroups. The participants of Study 3 selected a larger number of animal-related words to describe the outgroups than their own groups. Results revealed that the tendency to animalize is a process that begins during early childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2018): They did it again!. Social control responses to repeated incidences of deviance in small groups / ¡Lo han vuelto a hacer! Respuestas de control social a la incidencia repetida de la desviación en grupos pequeños. In: Revista de Psicología Social 33 (3), S. 578-619. DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2018.1482055
Abstract: Deviant group members who break group norms often challenge social validity and group locomotion, invoking varying types of social control responses. The current study (N = 95) investigated changes over time in the use of four social control responses of varying severity (persuasion, embarrassment, temporary exclusion and permanent exclusion) employed in response to deviance. It also tested the roles that perceived effectiveness of and social support for various responses play in response selection. Findings show severity of social control response selection is driven by both pragmatic and identity-based concerns: Over time, responses become more severe, driven in part by effectiveness and social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018) : Social groups. In: Ludwig, Kirk; Janković, Marija (Hg.): The Routledge handbook of collective intentionality: London; New York: Routledge (Routledge handbooks in philosophy), S. 277-289
Abstract: In this chapter, I outline rival positions on the ontology of social groups, ontological individualism and realism (or holism). Ontological individualism maintains that ultimately we need only refer to individual persons and their relations when describing the social world (i.e. the domain of human interaction), offering explanations of social phenomena, forming judgments or developing theories. Realism or holism by contrast is the thesis that reference to social groups is ineliminable from such discourse and that they are entities in their own right. A social group is a type of object over which we quantify in our folk and formal social scientific discourses. Next I explain two key points of dispute between individualism and holism. First, can groups be identified with sets of individuals? Second, can talk of social groups be wholly analyzed in terms of reference to individuals and their relations? If the answer to either of these questions is 'yes,' then it is possible for individuals (in relations) to enjoy the kind of explanatory priority which eviscerates holism of substance or interest. I sketch reasons why the answer to each is 'no' and propose there is at least a prima facie case to prefer holism. Third, I consider whether shared or collective intentions are necessary for individuals to constitute a social group and present reasons to show that they are not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
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(2017): Social groups and social network formation. In: Games and Economic Behavior 103, S. 286-312. DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2015.11.004
Abstract: We present a dynamic model of social network formation in which a fixed number of agents interact in overlapping social groups. We derive several results on the formation of links in such networks, including results on the degree distribution, on comparative statics relating degree and group size, and on the dynamics of homophily. In particular, we derive comparative statics showing that degree is typically positively related to social group size but negatively related to the size of the overlap across multiple social groups. This is supported by evidence from a Facebook dataset. We also show that homophily over an agent's lifespan in the network can be non-monotonic, reaching a global maximum in some period before eventually decreasing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 6
2016
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(2016) : Das Bedürfnis nach Kontrolle als soziale Motivation In: Bierhoff, Hans-Werner; Frey, Dieter (Hg.): Soziale Motive und soziale Einstellungen: 1. Auflage: Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie), S. 53-86
Abstract: Ein Überblick über die Forschung zu den Bedingungen und Auswirkungen von Kontrolle und deren motivationalen Grundlagen wird gegeben. Zunächst wird geklärt, was (Sozial-)Psychologinnen und (Sozial-)Psychologen von Kontrolle sprechen. Dann wird die Frage diskutiert, ob es sich beim Streben nach Kontrolle um ein menschliches Grundmotiv handelt. Die Auswirkungen wahrgenommener Kontrolle auf menschliches Denken, Fühlen und Handeln werden besprochen, und es wird erörtert, wie Menschen mit wahrgenommenem Kontrollmangel umgehen (etwa soziale Verteidigungsreaktionen wie gruppenbasierte oder kompensatorische Kontrolle). Abschließend wird - über den Rahmen klassischer Theorien und Befunde hinausgehend - gezeigt, dass Kontrollprozesse in ganz unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Sozialpsychologie von Bedeutung sind. Insbesondere geht es hierbei um die Transaktionen zwischen Individuen und ihrer physikalischen sowie ihrer sozialen Umwelt, wobei letztere an sich durch Kontrollbeziehungen (soziale Macht) gekennzeichnet ist und gleichzeitig die Grundlage für soziale Koordination und Kooperation und somit Prozesse kollektiver Kontrolle ("collective action") bildet.
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(2016): When we enjoy bad news about other groups. A social identity approach to out-group schadenfreude. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21 (1), S. 214-232. DOI: 10.1177/1368430216663018
Abstract: Two studies investigate schadenfreude (pleasure at the misfortune of others) as an emotional response to news about out-group misfortunes in a political and consumer context by analyzing reactions of voters for opposition parties to the downfall of a Dutch coalition government (Study 1), and of BlackBerry users to negative news reports about Apple’s iPhone (Study 2). Consistent with social identity theory and intergroup emotion theory, both studies demonstrate that affective in-group identification increases schadenfreude reactions to news about an out-group’s misfortune, provided that this misfortune occurs in a domain of interest to news recipients. Additional findings show that this interaction effect attenuates when a misfortune instead befalls the in-group (Study 1) and is still observed when controlling for affective dispositions towards the out-group (Study 2). Moreover, results suggest that schadenfreude reactions strengthen subsequent intentions to share news about the out-group’s misfortune with others or to engage in negative word-of-mouth (Study 2). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
2013
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(2013): The power of we. Evidence for group-based control. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49 (1), S. 19-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014
Abstract: Examined the role that group membership plays in restoring or maintaining perceived control when an individual's sense of global control is threatened. Study 1 examined whether lack of control increased ingroup bias (27 adults mean age 24 years). In Study 2, 93 Germans (mean age 21 years) to test whether the effect of control salience is independent of a possible effect of uncertainty and whether salient intergroup cooperation might reduce the effect of threat on ingroup bias (tested with categorizations of East vs West Germans). In Study 3, a context-free manipulation of control salience and a different intergroup context was used with 105 Austrians, 49 Croatians, and 104 Germans (mean age 28 years) recruited at European soccer matches. Study 4 (213 participants mean age 23 years) focused on threats to ingroup homogeneity. Study 5 (121 human rights volunteers mean age 28 years) extended the focus to both ingroup agency and homogeneity as group features. Assessment methods included the German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results of the 5 studies provide evidence for specific effects of control threat on ingroup support and defense, thus supporting this novel model of group-based control. Low control increased ingroup bias and pro-organizational behavior, supporting the assumption that people increasingly act in terms of group membership when their sense of global personal control is threatened. The symbolic control restored via group membership, however, can result in increased levels of ethnocentrism and outgroup derogation. zitiert von 124
2012
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(2012): Affective meanings of stereotyped social groups in cross-cultural comparison. In: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 16 (6), S. 717-733. DOI: 10.1177/1368430213491788
Abstract: Compares affective meanings of various stereotyped social groups in U.S., German, and Japanese cultures along the 3 basic dimensions of emotional experience (evaluation, potency, and activity). Analyses exploring similarities in affective meanings between respondents revealed considerable consensus within cultures, but less across cultures. These analyses indicated greater consensus for the U.S. and German sample than for the Japanese sample, supporting past research which indicates that Japanese social perception is more contextualized than in Western cultures. Analyses of cross-cultural differences also identified meaningful patterns of culture-specific deviation, interpretable in terms of the placement of each national sample on cultural dimensions such as power distance, masculinity, and individualism/collectivism. It is argued that affective meanings reflect the social order of specific cultures, making variations in consensus significant as affective meanings guide intergroup behavior and emotion. zitiert von 20
2011
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(2011): Friend or Foe, Champ or Chump?. Social Conformity and Superiority Goals Activate Warmth-Versus Competence-Based Social Categorization Schemas. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 3 (4), S. 471-478. DOI: 10.1177/1948550611427357
Abstract: Evaluations of individuals and social groups refer to two basic dimensions of social judgment: warmth and competence. Although previous research has explored the antecedents and consequences of these evaluations, there is a lack of understanding of the conditions under which warmth and competence information is used for social categorization in the first place. The present research developed a novel measure of individuals' tendencies to categorize persons in terms of competence versus warmth and tested whether these tendencies are predicted by chronic (Study 1, N = 301) and experimentally induced (Study 2, N = 69) social conformity and superiority goals. Social conformity goals predicted greater relative use of warmth information, while superiority goals predicted greater relative use of competence information in categorizing persons. These findings attest to the relevance of chronic as well as contextually induced goals at an early stage of social information processing related to social categorization. zitiert von 10
2010
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(2010): Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind : intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. Revised and expanded third edition. New York: McGraw-HillKeywords: Corporate culture, Cultural pluralism, Ethnopsychology, Intercultural communication, Interkulturelle Beziehungen, International cooperation, Kultur, National characteristics, Nationalkultur, Organisation, Organization, Organizational behavior, Research, Social groups, Unternehmenskultur, Verhalten in Organisationen
2005
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(2005): Culture, essentialism, and agency. Are individuals universally believed to be more real entities than groups?. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 35 (2), S. 147-169. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.237
Abstract: Compared how human individuals and social groups are perceived as social entities across different cultures. College students from East Asia (n=357, mean age 20 years), three English-speaking countries (n=300, mean age 20 years), and continental Europe (n=225, mean age 21 years) completed a questionnaire assessing two aspects of perceived "entitativity" (psychological essentialism and agency) as well as causal beliefs determining this perception. Perceptions concerning individuals, families, friendship groups, and society were reported. Individuals were considered more essence-like and unchangeable than social groups across all cultures. Similarly, more agency was ascribed to individuals, but only in Western cultures: East Asians conferred an equal level of agency to individuals and groups. Moreover, individuals were generally assigned more psychological essentialism than friendship groups and societies. The results are discussed with reference to concepts of individualism and collectivism. zitiert von 137
2000
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(2000): Cooperation in groups. Procedural justice, social identity, and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia u.a: Psychology Press
Abstract: This work explores the psychological motives that shape the extent and nature of people's cooperative behaviour in groups. In so doing, the authors bring together two literatures: the study of rule-following behaviour and the study of helping behaviour. They argue that both types of cooperative behaviour are rooted in people's views about the justice of group procedures. Four components of procedures are shown largely to define people's views about their fairness. Finally, the authors argue that people focus on procedural fairness because they use information about the fairness of group procedures to understand both the status of the group and their status within the group. These status judgments are important to people because they shape their self definitions and feelings of self worth.
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