Alle Publikationen
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2009
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(2009): The effects of degree of acquaintance, plate size, and sharing on food intake. In: Appetite 52 (3), S. 595-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.004
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501755 Abstract: This study examined the effects of degree of acquaintance, plate size, and sharing on the amount of pasta individuals served themselves and subsequently consumed and whether or not they took second helpings. Fifty-seven pairs of female participants ate a meal of pasta; the members of each pair were either friends or strangers. During the meal, they served themselves either from a common serving bowl or from individual serving bowls and onto either small or large plates. The findings indicated that participants who ate with a friend served and consumed more than those who ate with a stranger, and those who shared served and consumed less than those who did not share. However, this sharing effect seemed to occur only when participants ate from small plates. Whether or not participants reported taking second helpings was influenced by all three of the independent variables.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Bekanntheitsgrad, Cross-Over Studies, Cues, degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, Eating/psychology, Energy Intake, entscheiden, essen, Feeding Behavior/psychology, Female, Humans, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Psychologie, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Facilitation, Surveys and Questionnaires, SV, Verhalten, Visual Perception, Young Adult 2006
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(2006): Contrasting Approaches to Perceiving and Acting With Others. In: Ecological Psychology 18 (1), S. 1-38. DOI: 10.1207/s15326969eco1801_1
Abstract: How and why the presence of a person directly affects the perception and action of another person is a phenomenon that has been approached in a limited and piecemeal fashion within psychology. This kind of diffuse strategy has failed to capture the jointness of perception and action within and between people. In contradistinction, the authors offer a perspective that retains both integrally social features (e.g., involves interaction) and yet adequately exploits the current state of knowledge regarding the ecological properties of perception-action, while at the same time drawing on aspects of dynamic systems theory. In this article the authors review the best attempts to examine how one individual affects another's perceptions and actions in the emergence of a social unit of action. Two important approaches, the individual-level and cognitive dynamics approaches, have yielded insights that derive in significant degree from principles of ecological psychology and/or dynamical systems theory. Prototypic of the individual-level approach is a focus on what can be perceived by coactors with the aim of uncovering how the dispositional qualities (affordances) of another person are informationally specified during social interaction. In contrast, the cognitive dynamics approach simulates dynamical characteristics of cognition and psychological influence with the aim of uncovering how cooperative interaction emerges out of its component parts. The authors argue that these approaches involve, respectively, insufficient mutuality and insufficient embodiment. Consequently, a social synergy perspective is discussed that approaches the problem of socially cooperative interaction at the relational, nonreductive level, using novel methods to examine how social perception and action emerge through self-organizing processes.
Keywords: degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, dynamic systems theory, Favoriten, Gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Interaktanten, Interaktion, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Kooperation, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Social Synergy Perspective on cooperation, Soziale Angemessenheit, SV, Überblick, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten 1994
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(1994): Interpersonal perception. A social relations analysis. New York: Guilford Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/guilford051/94008552.htmlKeywords: Assimilation, Concensus, Interaktion, Interaktionsanalyse, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Interpersonelle Beziehungen, Modell, Other-Perception, Reciprocity, Selbstbild, Self-Perception, Social Perception, social relations model, Soziale Beziehungen, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Sozialpsychologie, Urteilsbildung, Verhaltensanalyse, Verhaltensforschung, Wahrnehmung
1993
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(1993): The emotional origins of social understanding. In: Philosophical Psychology 6 (3), S. 227-249. DOI: 10.1080/09515089308573090
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the origins of social understanding. Drawing upon philosophical writings, I highlight those features of affectively patterned interpersonal relations that are especially important for a very young child's growing awareness and knowledge of itself and other people as people with their own minds. If we were without our biologically based capacities for co‐ordinated emotional relatedness with others, we should lack something essential for acquiring the concept of ‘persons’ who have subjective experiences and psychological attitudes towards the world. I illustrate some implications of this thesis by reviewing the phenomena of early childhood autism.
Keywords: Autismus, Entwicklungspsychologie, Evolutionsbiologie, Herkunft von Sozialität, Interpersonale Wahrnehmung, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Menschsein als Voraussetznug für soziale Angemessenheit?, Pathologie, Person Sein, Philosophical Psychology, Soziales Miteinander, soziales Verhalten, Sozialphilosophie, Spezifika von Menschen, Verstehen 1992
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(1992): Consensus at zero acquaintance. Replication, behavioral cues, and stability. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 62 (1), S. 88-97. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.88
Abstract: That observers tend to agree in their ratings of a target even if they have never interacted with that target has been called consensus at zero acquaintance. The basic finding that consensus is highest for judgments concerning a target's degree of extraversion (EV) and somewhat weaker for judgments of conscientiousness is replicated. Several potential observable cues that might be used by judges when rating targets are examined. The finding that ratings of physical attractiveness correlate with judgments of EV is replicated. In Study 1, rapid body movements and smiling were also found to correlate with EV judgments. The level of consensus declined when initially unacquainted Ss interacted one-on-one (Study 2), but did not decline-and even increased-when Ss interacted in a group (Study 3). Ss judged as extraverted at zero acquaintance were also seen as extraverted after interacting with others.
1991
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(1991): A general model of consensus and accuracy in interpersonal perception. In: Psychological Review 98 (2), S. 155-163. DOI: 10.1037//0033-295X.98.2.155
Abstract: Consensus refers to the extent to which 2 judges agree in their ratings of a common target. A general model of interpersonal perception based on Anderson's (1981) weighted-average model is developed. The model shows that increased acquaintance does not always lead to large changes in consensus. Degree of overlap between the target behaviors observed by the judges and similarity of meaning systems are key but neglected parameters. The model can also be used as a basis for determining the accuracy of person perception. In some cases, accuracy can increase with greater acquaintance, whereas consensus may not.
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