Alle Publikationen
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2019
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(2019): Systematic literature review of hand gestures used in human computer interaction interfaces. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 129, S. 74-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.03.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.03.011 Abstract: Gestures, widely accepted as a humans’ natural mode of interaction with their surroundings, have been considered for use in human-computer based interfaces since the early 1980s. They have been explored and implemented, with a range of success and maturity levels, in a variety of fields, facilitated by a multitude of technologies. Underpinning gesture theory however focuses on gestures performed simultaneously with speech, and majority of gesture based interfaces are supported by other modes of interaction. This article reports the results of a systematic review undertaken to identify characteristics of touchless/in-air hand gestures used in interaction interfaces. 148 articles were reviewed reporting on gesture-based interaction interfaces, identified through searching engineering and science databases (Engineering Village, Pro Quest, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science). The goal of the review was to map the field of gesture-based interfaces, investigate the patterns in gesture use, and identify common combinations of gestures for different combinations of applications and technologies. From the review, the community seems disparate with little evidence of building upon prior work and a fundamental framework of gesture-based interaction is not evident. However, the findings can help inform future developments and provide valuable information about the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches. It was further found that the nature and appropriateness of gestures used was not a primary factor in gesture elicitation when designing gesture based systems, and that ease of technology implementation often took precedence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2018
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(2018): Tomorrow’s human–machine design tools: From levels of automation to interdependencies. In: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12 (1), S. 77-82. DOI: 10.1177/1555343417736462
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343417736462 Abstract: The growth of sophistication in machine capabilities must go hand in hand with growth of sophistication in human–machine interaction capabilities. To continue advancement as we build today’s intelligent machines, designers need formative tools for creating sociotechnical systems. In this article, we will briefly assess the appropriateness of ’levels of automation’ as a tool for designing human–machine systems. Additionally, we present coactive design and interdependence analysis as a viable alternative tool moving forward into more advanced and sophisticated human–machine systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Automation, cognitive engineering, Collaboration, design methods, Human Factors Engineering, Human Machine Systems, Human Machine Systems Design, Human robot interaction, human–automation interaction, human–computer interaction, Human–robot interaction, level of automation, Systems Design, team design, technology -
(2018): An architecture for ethical robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 48, S. 56-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.04.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.04.002 Abstract: The expanding ability of robots to take unsupervised decisions renders it imperative that mechanisms are in place to guarantee the safety of their behaviour. Moreover, intelligent autonomous robots should be more than safe; arguably they should also be explicitly ethical. In this paper, we put forward a method for implementing ethical behaviour in robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition. In contrast to existing frameworks for robot ethics, our approach does not rely on the verification of logic statements. Rather, it utilises internal simulations which allow the robot to simulate actions and predict their consequences. Therefore, our method is a form of robotic imagery. To demonstrate the proposed architecture, we implement a version of this architecture on a humanoid NAO robot so that it behaves according to Asimov’s laws of robotics. In a series of four experiments, using a second NAO robot as a proxy for the human, we demonstrate that the Ethical Layer enables the robot to prevent the human from coming to harm in simple test scenarios. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): Angewandte Umweltpsychologie: Drei Interviews mit Psychologen aus dem Arbeitsbereich Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle. In: Umweltpsychologie 19 (2)
Abstract: Der Anwendungsbereich "Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle" (MMS) wird durch Interviews mit zwei Psychologinnen und einem Psychologen vorgestellt. Berichtet wird über ihren beruflichen Werdegang, ihre aktuellen Projekte, die eingesetzten Methoden und über die Herausforderungen, die technischen Umwelten so zu gestalten, dass Menschen möglichst einfach, angenehm und effektiv mit ihnen interagieren können. Es werden unter anderem die Gestaltung von Internetportalen, Mobilität und Fahrassistenzsysteme und die Möglichkeiten der Energieeinsparungen bei U-Bahnen besprochen. Fragen nach der beruflichen Identität sowie nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des kollegialen Austauschs runden die Gespräche ab.
2013
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(2013): Guidelines for contextual motion design of a humanoid robot. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 5 (2), S. 153-169. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-012-0175-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-012-0175-6 Abstract: The motion of a humanoid robot is one of the most intuitive communication channels for human-robot interaction. Previous studies have presented related knowledge to generate speech-based motions of virtual agents on screens. However, physical humanoid robots share time and space with people, and thus, numerous speechless situations occur where the robot cannot be hidden from users. Therefore, we must understand the appropriate roles of motion design for a humanoid robot in many different situations. We achieved the target knowledge as motion-design guidelines based on the iterative findings of design case studies and a literature review. The guidelines are largely separated into two main roles for speech-based and speechless situations, and the latter can be further subdivided into idling, observing, listening, expecting, and mood-setting, all of which are well-distributed by different levels of intension. A series of experiments proved that our guidelines help create preferable motion designs of a humanoid robot. This study provides researchers with a balanced perspective between speech-based and speechless situations, and thus they can design the motions of a humanoid robot to satisfy users in more acceptable and pleasurable ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2011
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(2011): Problems and issues for service robots in new applications. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 3 (3), S. 299-312. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-011-0097-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0097-8 Abstract: Service robots give the possibility of new fields of applications for Robotics by wide spreading robots also into no technical areas. But requirements and goals need to be carefully revised both in designing and operating specific solutions. In this paper, main aspects and challenges are discussed both as problems and advantages in using robots in service operations for new areas of applications, by taking particular attention to non engineering aspects that are deduced from new service areas. In particular, two novel applications, with direct experience of the author and his team, are discussed as referring to robots for restoration activity of historical goods, and robots for physiotherapy rehabilitation and training, as examples with many very different aspects and backgrounds, but even with common issues. Key problems for developing service robots for a successful acceptance and use by even no technical users can be considered in terms of specific technical problems for low-cost user-oriented operation systems, but mainly in terms of implications for human-machine interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2011): Computational meta-ethics: Towards the meta-ethical robot. In: Minds and Machines: Journal for Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy and Cognitive Science 21 (2), S. 261-274. DOI: 10.1007/s11023-011-9229-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9229-z Abstract: [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 21(3) of Minds and Machines (see record [rid]2011-14510-008[/rid]). In the original article, there was en error under the section heading ’Design of a Meta-Ethical Robot’. The correction is given in the erratum.] It has been argued that ethically correct robots should be able to reason about right and wrong. In order to do so, they must have a set of do’s and don’ts at their disposal. However, such a list may be inconsistent, incomplete or otherwise unsatisfactory, depending on the reasoning principles that one employs. For this reason, it might be desirable if robots were to some extent able to reason about their own reasoning—in other words, if they had some meta-ethical capacities. In this paper, we sketch how one might go about designing robots that have such capacities. We show that the field of computational meta-ethics can profit from the same tools as have been used in computational metaphysics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2005
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(2005): Assistance in human–machine interaction: a conceptual framework and a proposal for a taxonomy. In: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 6 (2), S. 129-155. DOI: 10.1080/1463922042000295669
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922042000295669 Abstract: Many interactive systems offer assistance when users have difficulties in operating or using them. In spite of the overwhelming variety of assistance techniques available, it is often unclear what type of assistance is really needed and how special assistance functions should be designed. The first step towards theoretically solid design decisions is a conceptual framework and a comprehensive taxonomy of assistance. The present paper proposes to define assistance as access to machine functions and provides a taxonomy based mainly on action stages to be assisted. These stages are: (1) motivation, activation, and goal setting; (2) perception; (3) information integration, generating situation awareness; (4) decision-making, action selection; (5) action execution; and (6) processing feedback of action results. In analogy to social assistance, various types of technical assistance are assigned to the 6 action stages. Adjustment, initiative, presentation media, and input modality are also discussed as additional dimensions to classify assistance.
1999
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(1999): Integration of heterogeneity for human-friendly robotic operations. In: Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 25 (4), S. 281-293. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008183129849
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008183129849 Abstract: Studied the complementary capabilities of humans and autonomous robots for the purpose of: (1) Developing a new approach for modeling, analyzing, and designing integrated human–robot systems; (2) matching human perception with robot sensory information; and (3) achieving a heterogenous function-based cooperation. The example of the system installed on a PUMA560 robot manipulator delegating structured tasks to a robot and unstructured tasks to a human showed advantages in the areas of obstacle avoidance and dual-arm manipulation. It is concluded that the integration of human and robot functions in a complementary and seamless manner can increase the strength, efficiency, and safety of robotic operations and reduce the mental and physical load of human operators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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