poliTE-Literatur-Datenbank

Khan, Tariq Iqbal; Akbar, Aisha; Jam, Farooq Ahmed; Saeed, Muhammad Mohtsham (2016): A Time-Lagged Study of the Relationship Between Big Five Personality and Ethical Ideology. In: Ethics & Behavior 26 (6), S. 488-506. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2015.1055493

Abstract: Our objective is to examine the effects of Big Five personality traits on ethical ideologies using a time-lagged design of 406 employees of higher education institutions in Pakistan. Based on low/high idealism versus relativism, we investigate the conceptual linkage between each of the personality traits and moral philosophy. The results illustrate that extraversion and openness to experience believed on subjectivism moral philosophy, agreeableness believed on situationism, and neuroticism believed on absolutism moral philosophies. In addition, contentiousness believed on exceptionism moral philosophy. Furthermore, managerial implications and future research directions are suggested.

Keywords: Ethics & Behaviour, Ethik, Ethische Überzeugungen, Five Factor Model (FFM) Big Five, Moralphilosophie, personality traits, ethics, Persönlichkeitsstruktur

Stenmark, Cheryl K.; Kreitler, Crystal M. (2016): A Cognitive Tool for Ethical Decision Making. A Case for ACED IT. In: Ethics & Behavior 27 (3), S. 221-239. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2016.1176566

Abstract: The present study examined two forms of a cognitive tool (ACED IT map), which is designed to facilitate ethical decision making, along with expressive writing. Results demonstrated that participants completing the original ACED IT were more likely to identify (a) more steps to implementing a solution, (b) more barriers to solution implementation, and (c) more solutions to those barriers than participants who completed the modified ACED IT, those who engaged in expressive writing, and those in the control group. These findings suggest that cognitive tools such as ACED IT may be of considerable value for individuals who are presented with ethical dilemmas.

Keywords: ACED IT, entscheiden, Ethics & Behaviour, Ethische Überzeugungen, Mensch und Maschine

Blais, Ann-Renée; Thompson, Megan M. (2013): What Would I Do?. Civilians' Ethical Decision Making in Response to Military Dilemmas. In: Ethics & Behavior 23 (3), S. 237-249. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2012.748634

Abstract: This research explored the ethical decision-making process of civilians in response to real-world military dilemmas. Results revealed the complexity of these dilemmas, with about equal proportions of civilians choosing each of two response options. The moral intensity dimension of social consensus significantly predicted moral judgment in both dilemmas, whereas that of magnitude of consequences did so in only one dilemma, partially supporting our hypothesis. Both dimensions were significant predictors of moral intent in both dilemmas as was moral judgment, also supporting our hypotheses. We conclude with suggestions for future research questions in this compelling area.

Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), decision making, moral judgment, ethics, Decision theory, decision-making, Disziplin, Einfluss von sozialem Konsens / Anstand "Decorum", entscheiden, Ethics & Behaviour, Philosophie

Gauthier, Janel; Pettifor, Jean; Ferrero, Andrea (2010): The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists. A Culture-Sensitive Model for Creating and Reviewing a Code of Ethics. In: Ethics & Behavior 20 (3-4), S. 179-196. DOI: 10.1080/10508421003798885

Abstract: Psychologists live in a globalizing world where traditional boundaries are fading and, therefore, increasingly work with persons from diverse cultural backgrounds. The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists provides a moral framework of universally acceptable ethical principles based on shared human values across cultures. The application of its moral framework in developing codes of ethics and reviewing current codes may help psychologists to respond ethically in a rapidly changing world. In this article, a model is presented to demonstrate how to use the Universal Declaration as a guide for creating or reviewing a code of ethics. This model may assist psychologists in various parts of the world in establishing codes of ethics that will promote global understanding and cooperation while respecting cultural differences. The article describes the steps involved in the application of the model and provides concrete examples as well as several useful comments and suggestions. This guide for the application of the Universal Declaration may also be used for consultation, education, and training relative to the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists.

Keywords: Disziplin, Ethics & Behaviour, Kultur, Kulturinvarianz, Kulturtheorie, Model to apply the Universal Declaration/establishing codes of ethics, Psychologie, Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles, ethics code development, cross-cultural, Werte

Bersoff, Donald N.; Koeppl, Peter M. (1993): The Relation Between Ethical Codes and Moral Principles. In: Ethics & Behavior 3 (3-4), S. 345-357. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.1993.9652112

Abstract: We describe the application of fundamental moral principles, with particular emphasis on prima facie duties, to formal codes of ethics that regulate the conduct of forensic psychologists who act as expert witnesses. Then we discuss the American Psychological Association's (1992) "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct" and the Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists's "Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists" (1991 ) and critically appraise how these documents translate basic moral principles. We conclude that, in many ways, the documents exemplify ethical obligations such as nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice, but they fall short in many other ways, particularly with regard to autonomy and fidelity.

Keywords: Ethics & Behaviour, Moralphilosophie