Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): The Joint Effects of Justice Climate, Group Moral Identity, and Corporate Social Responsibility on the Prosocial and Deviant Behaviors of Groups. In: Journal of Business Ethics 137 (4), S. 677-697. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-015-2748-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2748-4 Abstract: Pulling from theories of social exchange, deonance, and fairness heuristics, this study focuses on the relationship between overall justice climate and both the prosocial and deviant behaviors of groups. Specifically, it considers two contextual boundary conditions on this effect—corporate social responsibility (CSR) and group moral identity. Results from a laboratory experiment are presented, which show a significant effect for overall justice climate and a two-way interaction between overall justice climate and CSR on group-level prosocial and deviant behaviors, and a marginally significant interaction of group moral identity with overall justice climate on group deviance. The implications of contextual influences on workplace ethics and justice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Intuition and Moral Decision-Making - The Effect of Time Pressure and Cognitive Load on Moral Judgment and Altruistic Behavior. In: PLoS one 11 (10). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164012 Abstract: Do individuals intuitively favor certain moral actions over others? This study explores the role of intuitive thinking-induced by time pressure and cognitive load-in moral judgment and behavior. We conduct experiments in three different countries (Sweden, Austria, and the United States) involving over 1,400 subjects. All subjects responded to four trolley type dilemmas and four dictator games involving different charitable causes. Decisions were made under time pressure/time delay or while experiencing cognitive load or control. Overall we find converging evidence that intuitive states do not influence moral decisions. Neither time-pressure nor cognitive load had any effect on moral judgments or altruistic behavior. Thus we find no supporting evidence for the claim that intuitive moral judgments and dictator game giving differ from more reflectively taken decisions. Across all samples and decision tasks men were more likely to make utilitarian moral judgments and act selfishly compared to women, providing further evidence that there are robust gender differences in moral decision-making. However, there were no significant interactions between gender and the treatment manipulations of intuitive versus reflective decision-making. zitiert von 19
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Tkalčič, Marko; Carolis, Berardina de; Gemmis, Marco de; Odić, Ante; Košir, Andrej (Hg.) (2016): Emotions and personality in personalized services. Models, evaluation and applications. Cham: Springer (Human-Computer Interaction Series)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31413-6 Abstract: Preface -- Foreword -- Part I: Background.-Introduction to Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems -- Social Emotions -- Models of Personality -- Part II Acquisition and Corpora -- Acquisition of Affect -- Acquisition of Personality -- Computing Technologies for Social Signals -- Sentiment Analysis in Social Streams -- Mobile-Based Experience Sampling for Behaviour Research -- Affective and Personality Corpora -- Part III Applications -- Modeling User’s Social Attitude in a Conversational System -- Personality and Recommendation Diversity -- Affective Music Information Retrieval -- Emotions and Personality in e-Learning Systems: an Affective Computing perspective -- Emotion-Based Matching of Music to Places -- Emotions in Context-aware Recommender Systems -- Towards User-Aware Music Information Retrieval: Emotional and Color Perception of Music -- Part IV Evaluation and Privacy -- Emotion Detection Techniques for the Evaluation of Serendipitous Recommendations -- Reflections on The Design Challenges Prompted by Affect-Aware Socially Assistive Robots Personalization is ubiquitous from search engines to online-shopping websites helping us find content more efficiently and this book focuses on the key developments that are shaping our daily online experiences. With advances in the detection of end users’ emotions, personality, sentiment and social signals, researchers and practitioners now have the tools to build a new generation of personalized systems that will really understand the user’s state and deliver the right content. With leading experts from a vast array of domains from user modeling, mobile sensing and information retrieval to artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction (HCI) social computing and psychology, a broad spectrum of topics are covered. From discussing psychological theoretical models and exploring state-of-the-art methods for acquiring emotions and personality in an unobtrusive way, as well as describing how these concepts can be used to improve various aspects of the personalization process and chapters that discuss evaluation and privacy issues. Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems will help aid researchers and practitioners develop and evaluate user-centric personalization systems that take into account the factors that have a tremendous impact on our decision-making - emotions and personality
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(2016): The Impersonal Flâneur: Navigation Styles of Social Agents in Urban Traffic. In: Space and Culture 5 (2), S. 169-184
Abstract: The framework of this article stems from the Simmelian urbanism: positive meanings of impersonality that resonate with the late Chicago School. The literature of the flâneur is used in this article to frame the impersonal attitude toward other persons in traffic. Data are drawn from six focus groups dealing with the daily journeys of dwellers of Helsinki, Finland. The data are assessed on the basis of a modal and enunciative analysis of semiotic sociology. Three ideal types of personal navigation and their maintenance of a certain amount of sociospatial distance to others show that the integrity and the flânerie's subtle resistance of acceleration still exist in contemporary urban traffic. Currently, the latter is done mainly by the flâneuse. The maintenance of distance is the carrying force of sociality in traffic. For urban studies, this traffic study gives field to search for functional and mental meaning of the general impersonality of urbanism.
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(2016): Let’s Pretend!. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 35 (1), S. 75-97. DOI: 10.1177/0048393104271925
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(2016): We-Narratives and the Stability and Depth of Shared Agency. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 47 (2), S. 95-110. DOI: 10.1177/0048393116672831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393116672831 Abstract: The basic approach to understanding shared agency (or joint action) has been to identify individual intentional states that are somehow “shared” by participants and that contribute to guiding and informing the actions of individual participants. But, as Michael Bratman suggests, there is a problem of stability and depth that any theory of shared agency needs to solve. Given that participants in a joint action might form shared intentions for different reasons, what binds them to one another such that they have some reason for continuing to participate in the joint action in the face of conflicting reasons? This is particularly pressing in cases of joint actions that unfold over long periods of time. There are a variety of ways that the problem of stability and depth of shared intention might be addressed. We review some of those ways in section 1. We do not intend to challenge these approaches. Instead, in this article, we want to suggest that narrative is an additional, perhaps in some cases a predominant, way in which stability and depth are achieved. According to some theories, narrative plays a crucial role in the development of the self. Our suggestion is that the narratives we tell about our joint projects contribute to the development of a stable and deep “we.”
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(2016): Collective Intentionality and the Social Sciences. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 32 (1), S. 25-50. DOI: 10.1177/004839310203200102
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(2016): Table manners. How to behave in the modern world and why bother. First edition. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Abstract: "An authoritative and witty guide to modern table manners for all occasions by one of the world's most acclaimed chefs and restaurateurs Table Manners is an entertaining and practical guide to manners for everyone and every occasion. Whether you are a guest at a potluck or the host of a dinner party, a patron of your local bar or an invitee at a state dinner, this book tells you exactly how to behave: what to talk about, what to wear, how to eat. Jeremiah Tower has advice on everything: food allergies, RSVPs, iPhones, running late, thank-yous, restaurant etiquette, even what to do when you are served something disgusting. With whimsical line drawings throughout, this is "Strunk and White" for the table"--
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(2016): Intelligent Virtual Agents. 16th International Conference, IVA 2016, Los Angeles, CA, USA, September 20–23, 2016, Proceedings. Berlin, Germany: Springer (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47665-0
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(2016): Digital technologies in the research process: Lessons from the digital research community in the UK. In: Computers in Human Behavior 61, S. 597-608. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.053
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.053 Abstract: This paper reports on a qualitative study of the employment of digital tools, resources and services by social researchers in the UK and has a twofold aim. First, it presents the employment of digital means of research work from the stage of designing the research through to data collection and dissemination of the research results. Second, it assesses the complexity and multiplicity of digital tools, resources and services used in research as well as the complexity and range of such usage, also providing explanations as to why researchers in different disciplines use in different ways and for different purposes digital technologies of various ranges and degrees of complexity. The paper concludes that there are certain commonalities and differences in researchers' practices with digital technologies and that such practices are largely driven by researchers' expertise combined with associated disciplinary traditions and etiquette. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): Service robots. System design for tracking people through data fusion and initiating interaction with the human group by inferring social situations. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 83, S. 188-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2016.05.004
Abstract: In a situation where a robot initiates conversation with a group of people, questions such as "where is the people group?" and "whether the robot should approach them?" should be addressed. This paper develops a new system that enables a robot to determine whether or not it should approach the aforementioned human group and interact with them after identifying what the current social situation is. The system is mainly to fuse depth-related data to track the positions of a group of people, extract social cues of those people by using depth-related data and a decision network (DN) model, and the main challenge lies in understanding the social cues of the group and the current underlying social situation concerning the relation between the robot and the group. The social cues are based on Proxemics and F-formations, whereas the social situations are categorized as individual-to-individual, individual-to-robot, robot-to-individual, group-to-robot, robot-to-group, confidential discussion and group discussion. Our system proceeds as follows : once a group of people are detected and the social cues of that target group of people are extracted, the corresponding social situation is appropriately inferred, and in turn the robot decides whether it should initiate conversation with the group based on rules to be specified later. The conducted experimental results demonstrate the properness of the system design and the efficacy of the proposed method in recognizing the social cues among individuals of the group as well as the nature of the social situations concerning the group and the robot.
Keywords: Design, Disziplin, Favoriten, F-Formationen, HMI depending on social cues, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Proxemik, Realtechnik, Serviceroboter, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Robotik, Status / biologische Marker, Technik -
(2016): Chinese Agricultural Training Courses for African Officials: Between Power and Partnerships. In: WORLD DEVELOPMENT 81, S. 71-81
Abstract: Each year around 10,000 African officials are trained in China, across a range of themes. Among these, agriculture and development policy are prominent. In this paper we ask what lies behind this program, and how it fits with wider commercial, diplomatic, and geopolitical ambitions of China in Africa. Through work carried out in China, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zimbabwe, involving attending courses, interviewing participants and lecturers, examining curricula and reviewing policy documents, we assess Chinese agricultural development courses, supported by China's Ministry of Commerce. Contrary to the argument that a singular "Beijing Consensus" is being pushed, we find a wide range of course offerings from a range of institutions across China, and extensive debate about agricultural development. This reflects the internal Chinese debate, and an approach to development emphasizing demonstration, experiment, and learning. Course participation involves officials from across Africa, and does not correlate with Chinese commercial interests in Africa. Commercial opportunities may be linked to training, and some courses are run by companies, although instances of take-up are few. The overall direct and immediate impact on agricultural development in Africa appears limited; instead the training program must be seen in relation to building relationships among a large group of African officials, and so the exertion of "soft power" in foreign policy, as part of development cooperation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: diplomatic training, SvA -
(2016): Child perception of humanoid robot appearance and behavior. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 32 (6), S. 493-502. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2016.1172808
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1172808 Abstract: This study investigated children’s attitudes toward humanoid robots that exhibit various anthropomorphic appearances and behaviors. A total of 578 children aged from 8 to 14 years were recruited to evaluate humanoid robots depicted either in still images (N = 267) or videos (N = 311). The results showed that the degree of anthropomorphism affected children’s attitudes toward the robots. An uncanny valley was observed in this study, indicating that children prefer robots created with a moderate level of human likeness over those that have a highly human-like appearance but remain distinguishable from humans. A striking finding was that moving robots exhibiting social cues moderate the uncanny valley plot, thus contradicting Mori’s uncanny valley hypothesis, which posits that emotional responses are greater for moving robots than for static robots. In addition, the children in this study perceived the robots as more socially and physically attractive when the robots exhibited social cues. In summary, the current results suggest that children prefer moderately realistic robots and that robot behavior is a key determinant of how children perceive robots. A moderate level of anthropomorphic appearance combined with appropriate social cues can enhance child preferences for and acceptance of robots. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Qualia In: Zalta, Edward: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Stanford, California: Metaphysics Research Lab
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(2016): The Relationship Between Sociomoral Disgust and Physical Disgust. Investigation of Facial Affect in Response to Purity and Fairness Violations. In: NEUROETHICS 9 (2)
Abstract: There has been much recent speculation regarding the relationship between sociomoral disgust, which refers to disgust elicited by moral violations, and the type of disgust elicited by physical stimuli such a rotten food. This study investigated whether there were similar facial expressions of disgust elicited by two types of moral transgressions and physically disgusting behaviors. This study also explored whether facial muscle activity would reflect spontaneous person affect knowledge retrieval after participants were presented with minimal information regarding a person's face and behavior. The two types of moral transgressions were fairness and purity moral transgressions, which are two out of the five moral foundations (purity, fairness, harm, authority, ingroup) in the Moral Foundations Theory (Haidt and Joseph, 2004). Facial muscle activity related to disgust (levator labii) and anger as well as overall negative affect (corrugator supercilii) was recorded while participants associated faces with behavioral statements. The same facial muscle activity was also recorded while participants were shown faces that were previously associated with behavioral statements in a later task. Facial disgust reactions were similar in response to physically disgusting behaviors as well as purity transgressions, but fairness transgressions did not elicit significant facial reactions. Faces that had been previously associated with moral transgressions, physically disgusting, or neutral behaviors also did not evoke facial disgust, showing no transfer of person affective trait knowledge, contrary to previous neuroimaging findings (Todorov et al., 2007). These results suggest that purity vs. fairness transgressions differentially elicit facial disgust reactions, with only purity transgressions eliciting facial disgust activity. These results suggest that these two domains of moral transgressions differ in their similarity to the processing of physical disgust stimuli, consistent with theoretical views that posit that only some moral violations have a basis in the basic emotion of disgust.
Keywords: Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), corrugator supercilii, Ekel, Emotionaler Zustand, Fairness, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, levator labii, Mimik, Moral foundations theory by Haidt and Joseph, purity transgressing, (Un)fairness, Wut -
(2016): Ihde, Technoscience, and the Resilience of Phenomenology. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (2), S. 90-94. DOI: 10.5840/techne201672550
Abstract: My review of Don Ihde’s new book, Husserl’s Missing Technologies begins by identifying a thematic link binding its chapters: specifically, the exploration of alternative histories for the trajectory of classical Husserlian phenomenology. Ihde’s book can be seen as a meditation on questions like the following: “What might phenomenology have been had Husserl paid more attention to the essential role of instrumentation and experiment in science, or to the mediating role of technologies in perception? What road might phenomenology have taken had Husserl traveled it in conversation with John Dewey, rather than the ghost of Descartes?” The book ably demonstrates how such alternative paths might have enriched philosophy, in ways that closely mirror Ihde’s own contributions to postphenomenological thought. In particular, Ihde exposes Husserl’s failure to grasp technoscience as an activity that does not only reduce materiality to mathematical formalisms, but produces new material forms and sensibilities. Yet I resist the book’s implied charge that Husserlian phenomenology is a moribund tradition that has largely exhausted its power. Instead, I argue that the progressive force and intrinsic elasticity of the phenomenological method endures in spite of the inevitable limits of Husserl’s philosophical imagination, allowing his assumptions and results (and ours) to be remade again and again in the light of the ‘things themselves.’ Moreover, the relevance of Husserl’s critique of reductive scientism has enduring relevance today; while modern science may be a practice far richer than Husserl understood, the science of our day is far from rich enough.
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(2016): Emotional affordances for human–robot interaction. In: Adaptive Behavior 24 (5), S. 320-334. DOI: 10.1177/1059712316668238
DOI: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-53698-005&site=ehost-live Abstract: This paper provides a new concept for the improvement of human–robot interaction (HRI) models: ‘emotional affordances’. Emotional affordances are all the mechanisms that have emotional content as a way to transmit and/or collect emotional meaning about any context; it can include bodily expressions, social norms, values-laden objects or extended space, among others. With this rich concept, we open the way to new ways to understand the multimodal and complex nature of emotional mechanisms. Based on the grounded emotional mechanisms of human cognition and behaviour (that is, based and result of the bodily structure and its coupled relationship with the natural and/or social environment), the purpose of this paper is focused on the definition of a framework for the design of a taxonomy of emotional affordances, useful for a modal and improved understanding of the domains of emotional interactions that can emerge between humans and robots. This process will make possible in next research steps to define processing modules as well as to elicit visual display outputs (expressing emotions). Consequently, with this project we provide robotic experts with a unified taxonomy of human emotional affordances, useful for the improvement of HRI projects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: emotional & Robotik, Social robotic -
Valsiner, Jaan; Marsico, Giuseppina; Chaudhary, Nandita; Sato, Tatsuya; Dazzani, Maria Virgínia Machado (Hg.) (2016): Psychology as the science of human being. The Yokohama Manifesto. Cham: Springer (Annals of theoretical psychology)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21094-0 Abstract: This book brings together a group of scholars from around the world who view psychology as the science of human ways of being. Being refers to the process of existing - through construction of the human world ℓ́ℓ here, rather than to an ontological state. This collection includes work that has the goal to establish the newly developed area of cultural psychology as the science of specifically human ways of existence. It comes as a next step after the ℓ́ℓbehaviorist turnℓ́ℓ that has dominated psychology over most of the 20th century, and like its successor in the form of ℓ́ℓcognitivismℓ́ℓ, kept psychology away from addressing issues of specifically human ways of relating with their worlds. Such linking takes place through intentional human actions: through the creation of complex tools for living, entertainment, and work. Human beings construct tools to make other tools. Human beings invent religious systems, notions of economic rationality and legal systems; they enter into aesthetic enjoyment of various aspects of life in art, music, and literature; they have the capability of inventing national identities that can be summoned to legitimate oneℓ́ℓs killing of oneℓ́ℓs neighbors, or being killed oneself. The contributions to this volume focus on the central goal of demonstrating that psychology as a science needs to start from the phenomena of higher psychological functions, and then look at how their lower counterparts are re-organized from above. That kind of investigation is inevitably interdisciplinary - it links psychology with anthropology, philosophy, sociology, history, and developmental biology. Various contributions to this volume are based on the work of Lev Vygotsky, George Herbert Mead, Henri Bergson, and on traditions of Ganzheitspsychologie and Gestalt psychology. Psychology as the Science of Human Being is a valuable resource to psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, biologists, and anthropologists alike.
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(2016): Variations upon Ihde’s Husserl’s Missing Technologies. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (2), S. 105-111. DOI: 10.5840/techne201672752
Abstract: In his new book, Husserl’s Missing Technologies, Don Ihde provides yet another, and highly enriching, iteration of postphenomenology. My comments here concern a couple of observations that he makes along the way with regard to the “scientific” status of philosophy and the question of whether philosophies, like technologies, have “use-lifes.” These remarks actually pierce through to the core of the postphenomenological theoretical corpus. In particular, there are consequences for the concept of multistability that need to be discussed: Are some stabilities better than others? In asking that question, which deserves the most emphasis: actuality or potentiality? And to what extent is there a continuity between “ideas” (i.e., theories) and technologies?
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(2016): Principles, Virtues, or Detachment?. Some Appreciative Reflections on Karen Stohr’s On Manners. In: Dao 15 (2), S. 227-239. DOI: 10.1007/s11712-016-9489-7
Abstract: Karen Stohr’s book On Manners argues persuasively that rules of etiquette, though conventional, play an essential moral role, because they “serve as vehicles through which we express important moral values like respect and consideration for the needs, ideas, and opinions of others” (Stohr 2012: 3–4). Stohr frequently invokes Kantian concepts and principles in order to make her point. In Part 2 of this essay, I shall argue that the significance of etiquette is better understood using a virtue ethics framework, like that of Confucianism, rather than the language of Kantianism. Within the Chinese tradition, Daoists have frequently been critics of Confucian ritualism. Consequently, in Part 3, I shall consider some possible Daoist critiques of Stohr’s work.
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(2016): Interaction and extended cognition. In: Synthese 193 (8), S. 2469-2496. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-015-0861-7
Abstract: In contemporary philosophy of the cognitive sciences, proponents of the 'Hypothesis of Extended Cognition' (HEC) have focused on demonstrating how cognitive processes at times extend beyond the boundaries of the human body to include external physical devices. In recent years the HEC framework has been put to use in cases of "socially" extended cognition. The guiding intuition in this paper is that exploring the cognitive incorporations of genuinely social elements may advance HEC debates. The paper provides an analysis of emotion regulation in 'dyadic synchronic interaction' between infant and caretaker and argues that some 'socially extended' cases of cognition cannot be captured with the HEC. Instead, the 'Hypothesis of Emergent Extended Cognition' (HEEC) is introduced that complements the HEC and helps in understanding how cognitive properties are sometimes irreducibly emergent, non-programmed properties of coupled social systems. It will be concluded that operating with the HEEC leads to both a more precise grip on the explanandum and to a more robust explanans.
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VDE (2016): Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics. Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH
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(2016) : What Older Adults would Like a robot to Do in Their Homes - First results from a User Study in the Homes of Users In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559131/
Abstract: The paper presents a first analysis of user trials where for the first time a service robot was set free in the home of users. Users were provided with basic robot functionalities such as navigation, grasping objects from the floor, a series of entertainment functions such as listening to radio or books, a physical fitness application, and communication functions. Users could freely select what to do and have been questioned on what functionality would help them to stay longer at home and live independently.
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(2016): Foundations of Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 29 (4), S. 481-516. DOI: 10.1177/004839319902900402
Abstract: Of all contemporary social theorists, Luhmann has best understood the centrality of the concept of meaning to social theory and has most extensively worked out the notion's implications. However, despite the power of his theory the theory suffers from difficulties impeding its reception. This article attempts to remedy this situation with some critical arguments and proposals for revision. First, the theory Luhmann adopted from biology as the basis of his own theory was a poor choice since that theory has no explanatory power, being purely descriptive; furthermore, that theory is fundamentally flawed since it implies that viruses are impossible. Second, Luhmann's theory of meaning cannot coherently make the social domain autonomous as he desires since Luhmann does not take into account the distinction between syntax and semantics. By introducing this distinction, making clear that social systems consist of rules, not just communications, and raising the rule concept to the same prominence in social theory as those of actor and system, autonomy can be maintained while avoiding the counterintuitive aspects of Luhmann's theory.
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(2016): Older adult social participation and its relationship with health: Rural- urban differences. In: Health and Place 42, S. 111-119
Abstract: In an aging world, there is increased need to identify places and characteristics of places that promote health among older adults. This study examines whether there are rural-urban differences in older adult social participation and its relationship with health. Using the 2003 and 2011 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n=3006), I find that older adults living in rural counties are less socially active than their counterparts in more-urban counties. I also find that relationships between social participation and health vary by the type of activity and rural-urban context.