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  • 2016

  • Koppula, Hema S.; Saxena, Ashutosh (2016): Anticipating Human Activities Using Object Affordances for Reactive Robotic Response. In: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 38 (1), S. 14-29. DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2430335

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656575 

    Abstract: An important aspect of human perception is anticipation, which we use extensively in our day-to-day activities when interacting with other humans as well as with our surroundings. Anticipating which activities will a human do next (and how) can enable an assistive robot to plan ahead for reactive responses. Furthermore, anticipation can even improve the detection accuracy of past activities. The challenge, however, is two-fold: We need to capture the rich context for modeling the activities and object affordances, and we need to anticipate the distribution over a large space of future human activities. In this work, we represent each possible future using an anticipatory temporal conditional random field (ATCRF) that models the rich spatial-temporal relations through object affordances. We then consider each ATCRF as a particle and represent the distribution over the potential futures using a set of particles. In extensive evaluation on CAD-120 human activity RGB-D dataset, we first show that anticipation improves the state-of-the-art detection results. We then show that for new subjects (not seen in the training set), we obtain an activity anticipation accuracy (defined as whether one of top three predictions actually happened) of 84.1, 74.4 and 62.2 percent for an anticipation time of 1, 3 and 10 seconds respectively. Finally, we also show a robot using our algorithm for performing a few reactive responses.

    Keywords: Affordance, affordances, Affordanz, Algorithms, Aniticipation, Human Activities, Humans, Imaging, Intentionserkennung (Roboter erkennt Menschenintention), J. J. Gibson's theory of affordance, machine learning, MODELS, Movement, PERCEPTION, Psychological, Robotics, Soziosensitive Systeme, Soziosensitivität, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, Video Recording

  • 2010

  • Bente, Gary; Leuschner, Haug; Al Issa, Ahmad; Blascovich, James J. (2010): The others. Universals and cultural specificities in the perception of status and dominance from nonverbal behavior. In: Consciousness and cognition 19 (3), S. 762-777. DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.06.006

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20630775 

    Abstract: The current study analyzes trans-cultural universalities and specificities in the recognition of status roles, dominance perception and social evaluation based on nonverbal cues. Using a novel methodology, which allowed to mask clues to ethnicity and cultural background of the agents, we compared impression of Germans, Americans and Arabs observing computer-animated interactions from the three countries. Only in the German stimulus sample the status roles (employee vs. supervisor) could be recognized above chance level. However we found significant correlations in dominance perception across all countries. Significant correlations were only found for evaluation between German observers and observers from the other two countries. Perceived dominance uniformly predicted the assignment of status-roles in all cultures. Microanalysis of movement behavior further revealed predictive value of specific nonverbal cues for dominance ratings. Results support the hypothesis of universalities in the processing of dominance cues and point to cultural specificities in evaluative responses to nonverbal behavior.

    Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Avoidance Learning, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cues, Germany, Humans, Individuality, Judgment, Kommunikation, Nonverbal communication, Power (Psychology), Social Distance, Social Dominance, Social Perception, Social Values, Status, uncertainty, United Arab Emirates, United States, Video Recording, Young Adult
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