Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Intergroup contact effects via ingroup distancing among majority and minority groups: Moderation by social dominance orientation. In: PLoS one 11 (1). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146895
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146895 Abstract: Tested whether intergroup contact reduces negative outgroup attitudes through a process of ingroup distancing. Based on the deprovincialization hypothesis and social-dominance theory, it was hypothesized that the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup identification is moderated by individuals' social-dominance orientation (SDO), and occurs only for members of high-status majority groups. These predictions were tested in three different intergroup contexts, involving conflictual relations between social groups in Germany (Study 1; N = 150; longitudinal Study 2: N = 753), Northern Ireland (Study 3: N = 160; Study 4: N = 1,948), and England (Study 5; N = 594). Results show that cross-group friendship was associated with reduced ingroup identification and the link between reduced ingroup identification and improved outgroup attitudes was moderated by SDO (the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup only occurred for individuals scoring high, but not low, in SDO). Although there was a consistent moderating effect of SDO in high-status majority groups (Studies 1-5), but not low-status minority groups (Studies 3, 4, and 5), the interaction by SDO was not reliably stronger in high- than low-status groups. Findings are discussed in terms of better understanding deprovincialization effects of contact.
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(2016): Polite like an Egyptian?. Case Studies of Politeness in the Late Ramesside Letters. In: Journal of Politeness Research 12 (2), S. 149-153. DOI: 10.1515/pr-2016-0007
Abstract: The Late Ramesside Letters, a corpus of over 70 personal communications written in Late Egyptian, form one of the most complete letter collections from ancient Egypt (c. 1099-1069 BCE). A key feature of ancient Egyptian letter writing is the adherence to the social positions of, and relationships between, the interlocutors, allowing scholars to reconstruct the hierarchical network of individuals directly and indirectly included in the corpus. From this understanding, how can modern scholars discern what was considered to be 'polite' communicative behaviour within these relationships and how can developments in historical politeness help us do this? This article will explore three case studies surrounding different aspects of politeness research: first-order politeness, facework, and discernment politeness in order to explore the phenomenon of 'politeness' in Late Egyptian and reflect on the suitability of current politeness frameworks for the analysis of the Late Ramesside Letters.
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(2016): Digital technologies in the research process: Lessons from the digital research community in the UK. In: Computers in Human Behavior 61, S. 597-608. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.053
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.053 Abstract: This paper reports on a qualitative study of the employment of digital tools, resources and services by social researchers in the UK and has a twofold aim. First, it presents the employment of digital means of research work from the stage of designing the research through to data collection and dissemination of the research results. Second, it assesses the complexity and multiplicity of digital tools, resources and services used in research as well as the complexity and range of such usage, also providing explanations as to why researchers in different disciplines use in different ways and for different purposes digital technologies of various ranges and degrees of complexity. The paper concludes that there are certain commonalities and differences in researchers' practices with digital technologies and that such practices are largely driven by researchers' expertise combined with associated disciplinary traditions and etiquette. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015) : Speech Etiquette: The Perspective from Cross-Cultural Communication: EBSCOhost . Online verfügbar unter http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=32&sid=fef2d251-509c-474f-a1d7-93aa3f7f75b0%40sessionmgr4009&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2005871947&db=mzh , zuletzt geprüft am 16.05.2018
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(2015): When status is grabbed and when status is granted. Getting ahead in dominance and prestige hierarchies. In: The British journal of social psychology 54 (3), S. 445-464. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12093
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25370539 Abstract: What type of behaviour affords status, agentic, or communal? Research to date has yielded inconsistent answers. In particular, the conflict view holds that agentic behaviour permits the imperious to grab status through overt force, whereas the functional view holds that communal behaviour permits the talented to earn status through popular appeal. Here, we synthesize both views by taking into account the moderating role played by group hierarchy. Group hierarchy can range from being dominance based (where status is grabbed) to prestige based (where status is granted). In a field study (Study 1), and a laboratory experiment (Study 2), we demonstrate that in different groups, status can be achieved in different ways. Specifically, agentic behaviour promotes status regardless of hierarchy type, whereas the effect of communal behaviour on status is moderated by hierarchy type: it augments it in more prestige-based hierarchies but diminishes it in more dominance-based hierarchies.
Keywords: Adolescent, Female, Gesellschaft, Hierarchie, Humans, Male, Psychological Theory, Research, Social Behavior, Social Dominance, Status 2012
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(2012): Human hierarchies. A general theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publ
Abstract: Human beings are hierarchical animals. Always and everywhere, people have developed social ranking systems. These differ dramatically in how they are organized, but the underlying causal mechanisms that create and sustain them are the same. Whether they are on the top or bottom of the heap, people attempt to be superior to some other persons or group. This is the root of Melvyn L. Fein’s thesis presented in Human Hierarchies: A General Theory. Fein traces the development of changes from hunter-gatherer times to our own techno-commercial society. In moving from small to large communities, humans went from face-to-face contests for superiority to more anonymous and symbolic ones. Societies evolved from hunting bands where the parties knew each other through big-men societies, chieftainships, agrarian empires, patronage chains, caste societies, estate systems, and market-oriented democracies. Where once small groupings were organized primarily by strong forces such as personal relationships, the now standard large groupings are more dependent on weaker forces such as those provided by social roles. Bureaucracies and professional roles have become prominent. Bureaucracies allow large-scale organizations to maintain control of people by limiting the potential destructiveness of unregulated tests of strength and by clarifying chains of command. Their rigidity and unresponsiveness requires that they be supplemented by professional roles. At the same time, a proliferation of self-motivated experts delegate authority downward, thereby introducing a more flexible decentralization. This analysis is a unique and significant advance in both the sociology and anthropology of stratification among humans.
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(2012): Anomie, Soziale Dominanz und Autoritarismus als Determinanten ethnischer Vorurteile und politischer Distanz. In: Politische Psychologie 2 (1), S. 75-92
Abstract: Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung sind zentrale Konzepte der Sozialpsychologie im Kontext der Vorhersage ethischer Vorurteile und Politischer Einstellungen. Basierend auf dem Modell von J. Duckitt (2001) wurde zusätzlich der Einfluss von Anomie auf ideologische Überzeugungen in einer Stichprobe von 278 in den östlichen Bundesländern lebenden Personen im Durchschnittsalter von 43 Jahren untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung (hier die Komponente Gruppendominanz) positiv korrelierten mit ethnischen Vorurteilen und politischer Distanz. Zudem wurde gefunden, dass Anomie einen Vorhersagewert für Autoritarismus, Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung und politische Distanz besitzt, während ethnische Vorurteile am besten durch Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung vorhergesagt wurden. Die zweite Komponente der Sozialen Dominanzorientierung, Soziale Ungleichheit, hatte keinen Vorgersagewert für Autoritarismus und ethnische Vorurteile. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Funktion der Anomie für autoritäre Einstellungssysteme und politische Einstellungen diskutiert.
2005
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(2005): Interpersonal hierarchy expectation: Introduction of a new construct. In: Journal of Personality Assessment 84 (3), S. 287-295. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8403
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8403 Abstract: Introduces a new individual difference construct, i.e., interpersonal hierarchy expectation (IHE), and shows that it predicts interpersonal perception. IHE means expecting social interactions and relationships to be hierarchically structured. A self-report questionnaire to measure IHE, the IHE Scale (IHES), was developed. In 5 studies, 581 undergraduates took the IHES together with an array of self-report personality measures. 3 studies included a measure of hierarchy perception. According to prediction, people who expected interpersonal hierarchies were prone to perceive hierarchies in interactions and relationships. The IHES is an easy to apply, short self-report measure that might prove useful in personnel training and selection as well as in other studies of personality and social behavior.
2003
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(2003): Does social dominance generate prejudice? Integrating individual and contextual determinants of intergroup cognitions. In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (4), S. 697-721. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.697
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.697 Abstract: Social dominance orientation (SDO) has been proposed as an important variable in the explanation of prejudice. We distinguish between three conceptualizations of SDO: SDO as a personality trait (personality model), SDO as a moderator of the effects of situational variables (Person X Situation model), and SDO as a mediator of the effect of social position on prejudice (group socialization model [GSM]). Four studies (N = 1,657) looking at the relations between social positions, SDO, and prejudice in a natural setting and in a laboratory setting provide strong support for the GSM. In contrast to previous correlational findings, there is evidence of a cause (dominant social position), an effect (prejudice increases), and a mediator (SDO). These results suggest new perspectives on the integration of individual and contextual determinants of prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
1992
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(1992): Concepts and measurement of prestige. In: Annual Review of Sociology 18, S. 253-280
Abstract: Presents an overview of research on prestige. Theories of social inequality, in which prestige plays a dominant role, are presented and classified. The article postulates two meanings of the concept: (1) a social hierarchy based upon consensual evaluation and (2) the homogenous social honor (Max Weber) of belonging to an exclusive group. Research results are presented with respect to both views, and special emphasis is placed on the partially contradicting findings concerning prestige consenus. Ein Überblick über die neuere soziologische Prestigeforschung wird gegeben. Ausgehend von einer Klassifizierung und Darstellung wesentlicher Theorien sozialer Ungleichheit, in denen Prestige eine Rolle spielt, wird argumentiert, dass mit "Prestige" zweierlei gemeint sein kann: die Hierarchie sozialer Positionen auf der Basis konsensueller Wertschätzungen und die homogene "soziale Ehre" (Max Weber), die ständischen, sozial geschlossenen Gruppen zukommt. Die Forschungsergebnisse in Hinsicht auf beide Konzeptionen werden dargestellt, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf die sich zum Teil widersprechenden Befunde des Prestigekonsens bzw. -dissens gelegt wird.
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