Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): The Network Dynamics of Status. Assimilation and Selection. In: Social Forces 96 (1), S. 389-422. DOI: 10.1093/sf/sox040
Abstract: Using longitudinal data that we have collected on friendship and advice relations in a cohort of MBA students, we examine how status affects the dynamics of network ties among peers. Estimates of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOMs) suggest that status is a consequence of network ties because over time the level of status attributed to individual students by other students tends to the average level of status attributed to their network partners-a phenomenon we call status assimilation. Status is also an antecedent to network ties because it affects partner selection decisions, giving rise to distinct forms of social attachment. We find that both network-based processes of status assimilation, as well as status-based processes of social selection, are present, but they vary subtly yet significantly across network domains. Students tend to the average level of status of their friends, but not to that of their advisors. High-status students are more active in the friendship network, but more popular in the advice network. We find evidence of performance homophily rather than status homophily: students with similar grades are more likely to exchange friendship and advice ties. High-status students tend to be more central in the advice network, but status attributions spill over through friendship, rather than advice relations. The study documents how the relation between social status and social networks varies both over time, as well as across network domains. The study also demonstrates the importance of accounting for multiplexity-the tendency of a network to operate through another.
Keywords: ADVICE, Bekanntheitsgrad, CENTRALITY, decision-making, Disziplin, EXCHANGE, Favoriten, friendship, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, INEQUALITY, MARKET, Modelle/Theorien, Netzwerk, Netzwerktheorien, ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICE, POWER, social importance dynamics, social networks, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Status, Status-zentriert 2011
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(2011): Social fMRI. Investigating and shaping social mechanisms in the real world. In: Pervasive and Mobile Computing 7 (6), S. 643-659. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmcj.2011.09.004
Abstract: We introduce the Friends and Family study, a longitudinal living laboratory in a residential community. In this study, we employ a ubiquitous computing approach, Social Functional Mechanism-design and Relationship Imaging, or Social fMRI, that combines extremely rich data collection with the ability to conduct targeted experimental interventions with study populations. We present our mobile-phone-based social and behavioral sensing system, deployed in the wild for over 15 months. Finally, we present three investigations performed during the study, looking into the connection between individuals' social behavior and their financial status, network effects in decision making, and a novel intervention aimed at increasing physical activity in the subject population. Results demonstrate the value of social factors for choice, motivation, and adherence, and enable quantifying the contribution of different incentive mechanisms.
Keywords: Design, Favoriten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Modelle/Theorien, Netzwerktheorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Social fMRI, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Netzwerk Analyse, Technische Modelle/Frameworks/Algorithmen -
(2011): Worlds, Fields and Networks. Becker, Bourdieu and the Structures of Social Relations. In: Cultural Sociology 5 (1), S. 99-119. DOI: 10.1177/1749975510389726
Abstract: This paper reflects upon Bourdieu's concept of cultural fields, Becker's concept of 'art worlds' and the concept of networks as developed in social network analysis. We challenge the distinction that Bourdieu makes between the objective 'relations' and 'positions' constitutive of 'social space' and visible social relationships. In contrast, we maintain that interaction is generative of social spaces and positions and should be integral to any account of them. Becker's position is better from this perspective, but while Becker refers repeatedly to social networks, he fails to develop the concept or exploit its potential as a means of exploring social structures. Both Becker and Bourdieu have an underdeveloped conception of social connection which weakens their respective conceptions of the space of cultural production. Our proposed remedy is to use social network analysis to derive 'positions' and 'relations' between 'positions', as prioritized by Bourdieu, from data on concrete interactions and relations. This allows 'world' analysis to speak to the issues of field analysis without sacrificing its strengths. We illustrate our case by way of an analysis of two UK music scenes from the late 1970s.
2008
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(2008): Dynamic phenomena and human activity in an artificial society. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 78 (6 Pt 2). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.066110
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19256908 Abstract: We study dynamic phenomena in a large social network of nearly 3x10;{4} individuals who interact in the large virtual world of a massive multiplayer online role playing game. On the basis of a database received from the online game server, we examine the structure of the friendship network and human dynamics. To investigate the relation between networks of acquaintances in virtual and real worlds, we carried out a survey among the players. We show that, even though the virtual network did not develop as a growing graph of an underlying network of social acquaintances in the real world, it influences it. Furthermore we find very interesting scaling laws concerning human dynamics. Our research shows how long people are interested in a single task and how much time they devote to it. Surprisingly, exponent values in both cases are close to -1 . We calculate the activity of individuals, i.e., the relative time daily devoted to interactions with others in the artificial society. Our research shows that the distribution of activity is not uniform and is highly correlated with the degree of the node, and that such human activity has a significant influence on dynamic phenomena, e.g., epidemic spreading and rumor propagation, in complex networks. We find that spreading is accelerated (an epidemic) or decelerated (a rumor) as a result of superspreaders' various behavior.
Keywords: Artificial society, complex networks, Computerspielwissenschaft, degree of acquaintance, dissemination, dynamic systems theory, Favoriten, gaming, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, multiplayer role online game, Netzwerktheorien, real world vs. virtual world, Realtechnik, rumor, spreading, SV, Technik 2004
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(2004): Models of social networks based on social distance attachment. In: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics 70 (5 Pt 2). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056122
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15600707 Abstract: We propose a class of models of social network formation based on a mathematical abstraction of the concept of social distance. Social distance attachment is represented by the tendency of peers to establish acquaintances via a decreasing function of the relative distance in a representative social space. We derive analytical results (corroborated by extensive numerical simulations), showing that the model reproduces the main statistical characteristics of real social networks: large clustering coefficient, positive degree correlations, and the emergence of a hierarchy of communities. The model is confronted with the social network formed by people that shares confidential information using the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption algorithm, the so-called web of trust of PGP.
Keywords: Algorithms, Computer Simulation, degree of acquaintance, Disziplin, Favoriten, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Hierarchy, Social, Interpersonal Relations, Modelle/Theorien, Models, Biological, Netzwerktheorien, Population Dynamics, Residence Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Change, Social Distance, social networks based on social distance, Social Support, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziologie, SV 2003
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(2003): Ego-centered networks and the ripple effect. In: Social Networks 25 (1), S. 83-95. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8733(02)00039-4
Abstract: Recent work has demonstrated that many networks have broad distributions of vertex degree. Here we show that this has a substantial impact on the shape of ego-centered networks and on concepts and methods based on ego-centered networks, such as snowball sampling and the "ripple effect". In particular, we argue that one's acquaintances, one's immediate neighbors in the acquaintance network, are far from being a random sample of the population, and that this biases the numbers of neighbors two and more steps away. We demonstrate this concept using data on academic collaboration networks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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