Alle Publikationen
2020
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(2020): A Holistic Approach to Behavior Adaptation for Socially Assistive Robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics, S. 617-637. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00617-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00617-9 Abstract: Socially assistive robotics aims at providing users with continuous support and personalized assistance, through appropriate social interactions. The design of robots capable of supporting people in heterogeneous tasks, raises several challenges among which the most relevant are the need to realise intelligent and continuous behaviours, robustness and flexibility of services and, furthermore, the ability to adapt to different contexts and needs. Artificial intelligence plays a key role in realizing cognitive capabilities like e.g., learning, context reasoning or planning that are highly needed in socially assistive robots. The integration of several of such capabilities is an open problem. This paper proposes a novel “cognitive approach” integrating ontology-based knowledge reasoning, automated planning and execution technologies. The core idea is to endow assistive robots with intelligent features in order to reason at different levels of abstraction, understand specific health-related needs and decide how to act in order to perform personalized assistive tasks. The paper presents such a cognitive approach pointing out the contribution of different knowledge contexts and perspectives, presents detailed functioning traces to show adaptation and personalization features, and finally discusses an experimental assessment proving the feasibility of the approach.
2019
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(2019): Culture as a Sensor? A Novel Perspective on Human Activity Recognition. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 11 (5), S. 797-814. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00590-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00590-3 Abstract: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems are devoted to identifying, amidst the sensory stream provided by one or more sensors located so that they can monitor the actions of a person, portions related to the execution of a number of a-priori defined activities of interest. Improving the performance of systems for Human Activity Recognition is a long-standing research goal: solutions include more accurate sensors, more sophisticated algorithms for the extraction and analysis of relevant information from the sensory data, and the enhancement of the sensory analysis with general or person-specific knowledge about the execution of the activities of interest. Following the latter trend, in this article we propose the association and enhancement of the sensory data analysis with cultural information, that can be seen as an estimate of person-specific information, relieved of the burden of a long/complex setup phase. We propose a culture-aware Human Activity Recognition system which associates the recognition response provided by a state-of-the-art, culture-unaware HAR system with culture-specific information about where and when activities are most likely performed in different cultures, encoded in an ontology. The merging of the cultural information with the culture-unaware responses is done by a Bayesian Network, whose probabilistic approach allows for avoiding stereotypical representations. Experiments performed offline and online, using images acquired by a mobile robot in an apartment, show that the culture-aware HAR system consistently outperforms the culture-unaware HAR system.
2018
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(2018): Die feinen Unterschiede. Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Urteilskraft. Unter Mitarbeit von Bernd Schwibs. 26. Auflage 2018. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)Keywords: Bourdieu, Bourdieus Habitustheorie, Einkommen / Beruf, Familiengeschichte, Favoriten, feine Unterschiede, Feld, Geschmack, Gestik/Mimik, Good manners, Habitus, Klasse, Kleidung, Körperhaltung, Macht, Modelle/Theorien, Rollen, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, Sprache, Status / biologische Marker
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(2018) : A Concept for Productivity Tracking based on Collaborative Interactive Learning Techniques In: ARCS: ARCS Workshop 2018; 31th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems: Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE, S. 1-8. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8385431/
Abstract: The academic success of individual students differs widely and it depends on various factors, ranging from financial to social and to health aspects. In this article, we propose a concept for a novel productivity tracking system that provides the basis for a self-assessment of academic behaviour and that can be used by students to support their academic success. The development of such a system requires interdisciplinary efforts, most of them located in the field of collaborative interactive learning (CIL) that is grounded on a socio-technical system perspective. The system is interactive since it is based on bidirectional communication, collaborative in the sense that it uses students, other students, and external sources such as the Internet for generation of knowledge, and learning in the sense that it continuously and autonomously acquires knowledge. It is further self-organised as it decides about interaction partners and self-adaptive in terms of modifying its behaviour according to changing conditions.
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(2018): Spillover modes in multiplex games. Double-edged effects on cooperation and their coevolution. In: Scientific reports 8 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25025-3
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29720679 Abstract: In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying games on multiplex networks that account for interactions across linked social contexts. However, little is known about how potential cross-context interference, or spillover, of individual behavioural strategy impact overall cooperation. We consider three plausible spillover modes, quantifying and comparing their effects on the evolution of cooperation. In our model, social interactions take place on two network layers: repeated interactions with close neighbours in a lattice, and one-shot interactions with random individuals. Spillover can occur during the learning process with accidental cross-layer strategy transfer, or during social interactions with errors in implementation. Our analytical results, using extended pair approximation, are in good agreement with extensive simulations. We find double-edged effects of spillover: increasing the intensity of spillover can promote cooperation provided cooperation is favoured in one layer, but too much spillover is detrimental. We also discover a bistability phenomenon: spillover hinders or promotes cooperation depending on initial frequencies of cooperation in each layer. Furthermore, comparing strategy combinations emerging in each spillover mode provides good indication of their co-evolutionary dynamics with cooperation. Our results make testable predictions that inspire future research, and sheds light on human cooperation across social domains.
Keywords: COMMONS, Disziplin, EVOLUTIONARY GAMES, Favoriten, GRAPHS, Interaction, Interaktion, interference of social interaction, Kooperation, Mathematik, NETWORKS, Netzwerk, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, social interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziologie, spillover effects, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2018): The knowledge level in cognitive architectures. Current limitations and possible developments. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 48, S. 39-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001
Abstract: In this paper we identify and characterize an analysis of two problematic aspects affecting the representational level of cognitive architectures (CAs), namely: the limited size and the homogeneous typology of the encoded and processed knowledge. We argue that such aspects may constitute not only a technological problem that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to build artificial agents able to exhibit intelligent behaviors in general scenarios, but also an epistemological one, since they limit the plausibility of the comparison of the CAs' knowledge representation and processing mechanisms with those executed by humans in their everyday activities. In the final part of the paper further directions of research will be explored, trying to address current limitations and future challenges. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, Favoriten, formale Sprache, Formalisierung, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), natürliche Sprache, Ontologie, Philosophie, Realtechnik, Sprachverarbeitung, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Überblick, Weltwissen -
(2018): Social decisions and fairness change when people’s interests are represented by autonomous agents. In: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 32 (1), S. 163-187. DOI: 10.1007/s10458-017-9376-6
Abstract: There has been growing interest on agents that represent people's interests or act on their behalf such as automated negotiators, self-driving cars, or drones. Even though people will interact often with others via these agent representatives, little is known about whether people's behavior changes when acting through these agents, when compared to direct interaction with others. Here we show that people's decisions will change in important ways because of these agents; specifically, we showed that interacting via agents is likely to lead people to behave more fairly, when compared to direct interaction with others. We argue this occurs because programming an agent leads people to adopt a broader perspective, consider the other side's position, and rely on social norms-such as fairness-to guide their decision making. To support this argument, we present four experiments: in Experiment 1 we show that people made fairer offers in the ultimatum and impunity games when interacting via agent representatives, when compared to direct interaction; in Experiment 2, participants were less likely to accept unfair offers in these games when agent representatives were involved; in Experiment 3, we show that the act of thinking about the decisions ahead of time-i.e., under the so-called "strategy method"-can also lead to increased fairness, even when no agents are involved; and, finally, in Experiment 4 we show that participants were less likely to reach an agreement with unfair counterparts in a negotiation setting. We discuss theoretical implications for our understanding of the nature of people's social behavior with agent representatives, as well as practical implications for the design of agents that have the potential to increase fairness in society.
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(2018): Diplomatic protocol. Dunbeath: Whittles Publishing
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(2018): Li Zehou's notion of subjectality as a new conception of the human self. In: Philosophy Compass 13 (5). DOI: 10.1111/phc3.12484
Abstract: Li Zehou stands among the most influential Chinese philosophers in the post-Mao era. His notion of subjectality(zhutixing) is of paramount importance for current developments in contemporary Chinese philosophy. It belongs to the central concepts in Li's theoretical framework, around which his entire philosophical system is constructed. With his elaboration of this concept, Li expanded the problem of the self in post-revolutionary modernism. The present article analyzes the theoretical bases of this concept, exposes its importance in the scope of contemporary Chinese theory and shows why and how it represents a call for a new humanism. Through a multidimensional comparative perspective, the author also explains why the human subject, which is based upon Li's notion of subjectality, has the potential not only to transform (post-)modern alienation into a real human condition, that is, into spiritually fulfilled society of autonomous individuals but also to fill up the prevailing vacuum of values.
2017
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(2017): Explaining the Criteria of Designing Urban Furniture and Landscape, with a Cultural-social Design Approach. In: Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6 (4). DOI: 10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1034
Abstract: Attention to the deep relationship between human personality and the place in which he lives causes the place to play a crucial role in cultural transformations and prevalence of human life style and formation of values, connections and human activities. Cities are not just a place of transit, but they are also environments that must have mutual communications with the inhabitants in order to realize the meaning of citizen, as there is a distinction between the status of citizenship and urbanization. Urban furniture is one of the elements of urban space that its quantity, beauty and durability play a major role in achieving a healthy and favorable city and satisfies the needs of citizens in terms of performance and beauty. Accordingly, the present study, using descriptive-analytical method and with data collection tools including library and documentary studies, examines the concept of product ecology and answers to the questions whether urban furniture can start or support social interaction or positively affect the roles of citizens? In this paper, the relationship between social-cultural design in urban furniture and the disturbances regarding uneven distribution of elements are identified, and finally the criteria of designing urban furniture and landscape are expressed with a social-design approach.
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(2017): To be or Not to be Authentic. In Defence of Authenticity as an Ethical Ideal. In: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 20 (3), S. 567-580. DOI: 10.1007/s10677-017-9803-4
Abstract: It has recently been pointed out that the cloudiness of the concept of authenticity as well as inflated ideologies of the 'true self' provide good reasons to criticize theories and ideals of authenticity. Nevertheless, there are also good reasons to defend an ethical ideal of authenticity, not least because of its critical and oppositional force, which is directed against experiences of self-abandonment and self-alienation. I will argue for an elaborated ethical ideal of authenticity: the ambitious ideal of a continuous self-reflective process of 'self-authentication'. For this purpose, the ideal of being authentic in expressing and unfolding one's individual personality and characteristics will be combined with the ideal of being 'an authentic person' - whereby 'a person' is to be understood in a Kantian sense as an autonomous person who is (at least potentially) reasonable and morally responsible.
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Burgoon, Judee K.; Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia; Pantic, Maja (Hg.) (2017): Social signal processing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Social Signal Processing is the first book to cover all aspects of the modeling, automated detection, analysis, and synthesis of nonverbal behavior in human-human and human-machine interactions. Authoritative surveys address conceptual foundations, machine analysis and synthesis of social signal processing, and applications. Foundational topics include affect perception and interpersonal coordination in communication; later chapters cover technologies for automatic detection and understanding such as computational paralinguistics and facial expression analysis and for the generation of artificial social signals such as social robots and artificial agents. The final section covers a broad spectrum of applications based on social signal processing in healthcare, deception detection, and digital cities, including detection of developmental diseases and analysis of small groups. Each chapter offers a basic introduction to its topic, accessible to students and other newcomers, and then outlines challenges and future perspectives for the benefit of experienced researchers and practitioners in the field.
Keywords: Computer vision, Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Favoriten, Human behaviour analysis', Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Realtechnik, Sammelband, Signal, Signale, Signaling social preferences/ Social signal processing, Social interactions, social signal processing, Social Signal Processing (SSP), social signalling, Social signals, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Kognition, Soziosensitive Systeme, speech processing, Technik -
(2017): Subjetividad y biopolítica. La pregunta por «la vida». In: Daímon. DOI: 10.6018/daimon/269911
Abstract: With modernity a new definition of the political is established. This article will reflect on the implications of what authors such as Michel Foucault or Hannah Arendt have called "the entrance of life" in the political. From the sharing of these insights, a range of questions will emerge about the possibility of contemporary subjectivity. These questions will be approached by using the contributions of Judith Butler and her theories about precariousness, vulnerability and acknowledgment.
Keywords: acknowledgment, acknowledgment and subjectivity, Anerkennung, biopolitics, Butler, Disziplin, Favoriten, Konstitutionen des Selbst (Anerkennung), life, Modelle/Theorien, Philosophie, (post)strukturalistische Ansätze, postmodern, postmoderne Theorien der Subjektivität, precariousness, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie, subject -
(2017): ‘What I see is not what you get’. Why culture-specific behaviours for virtual characters should be user-tested across cultures. In: AI & Society 32 (1), S. 37-49. DOI: 10.1007/s00146-014-0567-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-014-0567-2 Abstract: Abstract Integrating culture into the behavioural models of virtual characters requires knowledge from very different disciplines such as cross-cultural psychology and computer science. If culture-related behavioural differences are simulated with a virtual character system, users might not necessarily understand the intent of the designer. This is, in part, due to the influence of culture on not only users, but also designers. To gain a greater understanding of the instantiation of culture in the behaviour of virtual characters, and on this potential mismatch between designer and user, we have conducted two experiments. In these experiments, we tried to simulate one dimension of culture (Masculinity vs. Femininity) in the behaviour of virtual characters. We created four scenarios in the first experiment and six in the second. In each of these scenarios, the same two characters interact with each other. The verbal and non-verbal behaviour of these characters differs depending on their cultural scripts. In two user perception studies, we investigated how these differences are judged by human participants with different cultural backgrounds. Besides expected differences between participants from Masculine and Feminine countries, we found significant differences in perception between participants from Individualistic and Collectivistic countries. We also found that the user’s interpretation of the character’s motivation had a significant influence on the perception of the scenarios. Based on our findings, we giverecommendations for researchers that aim to design culture-specific behaviours for virtual characters.
Keywords: Agent-based Modelling, Behaviour modelling, Culture, Design, Disziplin, Evaluation, Favoriten, Interaktion, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kultur, Kultursensibilität, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modell, Modelle/Theorien, Modellierung, Realtechnik, social importance dynamics, Soziosensitive Systeme, Technik, User testing, Virtual characters -
(2017): On recognition and self. A discussion based on Nyāya, Mīmāṃsā and Buddhism. In: Asian Philosophy 27 (4), S. 292-308. DOI: 10.1080/09552367.2017.1389388
Abstract: The phenomenon of recognition is a point of contention in the debate between the orthodox Hindus and Buddhists on whether the self (tman) exists. The Hindus, including Naiyyikas and Mm?sakas, argue that recognition evidences the existence of the self, while Buddhist philosopher ntaraksita maintains that there is no self and recognition should be explained in another way. This article examined two disputes, focusing on the two subsidiary aspects of a recognition: memory and self-recognition. For Hindus, it is the existence of the self that makes memory and self-recognition possible. For Buddhists, it is due to the phenomena of memories and self-recognitions that people postulate the existence of the self. I argue that Buddhist explanation of memory is more acceptable, while their debates on self-recognition should be considered as a tie.
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(2017): Are you a human or a humanoid. Predictive user modelling through behavioural analysis of online gameplay data. In: Advanced Engineering Informatics 33, S. 410-424. DOI: 10.1016/j.aei.2017.01.004
Abstract: Intelligent agents are widely used in robotics, gaming and simulation. A key issue is modelling human behaviours so that intelligent agents can use a human's behavioural model to imitate them and predict their next moves. In this article, we use Internet-based multiplayer online gaming (MOG) as a case study to present our approach to predictive user modelling through behavioural analysis of online gameplay data. As latency is an inherited bottleneck of the Internet and is likely to remain so into a foreseeable future, a lot of efforts have been made to address the resulting issues. Most of the existing latency handling techniques are based on the assumption that latency is within an acceptable threshold so that they can alleviate or even completely hide its negative impact on players' quality of experience (QoE) that directly determines consumers' satisfaction of the provided MOG services. While this assumption is mostly valid, it is worth noting that a player's Internet connection latency always fluctuates (known as jitter), possibly to the extent of exceeding a MOG's designated threshold in which case none of the techniques can handle properly but disconnecting the player from the gameplay session. Forcing a player to quit prematurely simply due to a spike of unusual high latency has a significant negative impact both on the gameplay's fairness and on the player's QoE. To improve customer satisfaction of a MOG service, we propose a more tolerant approach by temporarily substituting a player with a humanoid bot in the event of latency hikes so that the player always remains in the gameplay session. The challenge in this approach is to create a personalised humanoid bot that can imitate the playing pattern of the individual human player being substituted. Our solution is to first extract key variables that have impact on the human player's decision-makings through behavioural analysis of the player's historical gameplay data, then model the relationships among these variables, and finally creates the player's humanoid bot with the model. In this paper, we use a multiplayer online pong game as a case study to explain behavioural variables, modelling techniques, processes, outcomes, and performance studies.
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(2017): Sociality and Normativity for Robots. Philosophical Inquiries into Human-Robot Interactions. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in the Philosophy of Sociality). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=4867905
Abstract: This volume offers eleven philosophical investigations into our futurerelations with social robots--robots that are specially designed to engage andconnect with human beings.The contributors present cutting edge research thatexamines whether, and on which terms, robots can become members ofhuman societies. Can our relations to robots be said to be 'social'?Can robots enter into normative relationships with human beings? Howwill human social relations change when we interact with robots atwork and at home?The authors of this volume explore these questions from theperspective of philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, androbotics. The first three chapters offer a taxonomy for the classificationof simulated social interactions, investigate whether human socialinteractions with robots can be genuine, and discuss the significanceof social relations for the formation of human individuality.Subsequent chapters clarify whether robots could be said to actuallyfollow social norms, whether they could live up to the socialmeaning of care in caregiving professions, and how we will need toprogram robots so that they can negotiate the conventions of humansocial space and collaborate with humans. Can we perform jointactions with robots, where both sides need to honour commitments, andhow will such new commitments and practices change our regionalcultures?The authors connect research in social robotics andempirical studies in Human-Robot Interaction to recent debates insocial ontology, social cognition, as well as ethics and philosophy oftechnology.The book is a response to the challenge that social robotics presentsfor our traditional conceptions of social interaction, whichpresuppose such essential capacities as consciousness, intentionality,agency, and normative understanding. The authors develop insightfulanswers along new interdisciplinarypathways in 'robophilosophy,' a new research area that will help us toshape the 'robot revolution,' the distinctive technological change ofthe beginning 21st century. Raul Hakli (PhD) studied philosophy and computer science at theUniversity of Helsinki, Finland. He received his PhD in theoreticalphilosophy in 2010. While editing the book he was Associate Professorat the Aarhus University, Denmark. Currently he works as a researcherat the University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests includesocial ontology, collective intentionality, epistemology, philosophyof social robotics, and philosophy of the social sciences. Johanna Seibt (PhD. at the Univ of Pittsburg, USA; Dr. phil. habil. atthe Univ of Konstanz, Germany) is Professor for Applied ProcessOntology and Integrative Social Robotics, Aarhus University, Denmark;previously she taught at the Univ of Texas at Austin, USA. Her mainresearch area is in analytical ontology and metaphysics. More recentlyshe works also in philosophy of social robotics. She is head of theResearch Unit for Robophilosophy at the School for Culture and Society, Aarhus University, which conducts interdisciplinaryHumanities research of and in social robotics and coordinates theinternational Research Network for Transdisciplinary Studies in SocialRobotics (TRANSOR).
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(2017): Engineering the emergence of norms. A review. In: The Knowledge Engineering Review 32. DOI: 10.1017/S0269888917000169
Abstract: Complex systems often exhibit emergent behaviour, unexpected macro-level behaviour caused by the interaction of micro-level components. In multiagent systems, these micro-level components may be autonomous agents and the emergent behaviour may be expressed as norms-patterns of behaviour that arise among the agents in response to their environment and each other. These emergent norms may be beneficial (e.g. by encouraging cooperative behaviour), or detrimental, but in either case it is useful to recognize these norms as they emerge and either encourage or discourage their establishment. We term this process engineering the emergence of norms and have identified three steps: the identification of a possible norm, evaluation of its benefit and its encouragement (or discouragement). This paper is an attempt to provide a survey of existing research related to these steps. We also provide an analysis of the approaches based upon their suitability for a variety of normative systems: we examine the requirements for agents to have autonomy over their choice of norms, the degree of observability required in the system, and the norm enforcement methods. The paper concludes with an discussion of open issues.
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(2017) : Der face-Begriff im Schnittpunkt zwischen politeness und facework. Paradigmatische Überlegungen In: Ehrhardt, Claus; Neuland, Eva (Hg.): Sprachliche Höflichkeit: Historische, aktuelle und künftige Perspektiven: Tübingen, Germany: Narr Francke Attempto, S. 57-76
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(2017): Competition and conflict between communicative norms. In: Journal of Argumentation in Context 6 (2), S. 220-246. DOI: 10.1075/jaic.6.2.05hop
Abstract: When engaging with each other, discussants navigate a complex set of communicative norms that aim at very different goals. Within argumentation theory naturally the most studied set of norms are those aiming at reasonableness, of which I take the pragma-dialectical rule set to be a representative example. They are however far from the only norms that guide communicative behavior. This paper offers an analysis of the areas of intersection and potential conflict of reasonableness (as understood by pragma-dialectics) with other communicative norms in general and rules of politeness (as presented by Geoffrey Leech) in particular.
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(2017): Social Technologies. Between Science and Practice. In: Russian Studies in Philosophy 55 (1), S. 1-9. DOI: 10.1080/10611967.2017.1296288
Abstract: Social technologies (or more precisely social-humanitarian technologies) are the active communicative manifestation of a social subject at the level of organizational, administrative, and social planning in the context of the social construction of knowledge and reality. A clear definition of social technologies (ST) must first describe them within the context of the social sciences and humanities: ST are the variety of social practices that are generated by these sciences. These include psychotherapeutic assistance, opinion polls, the practice of language translation, counseling, litigation, and the management of production. The second aspect of ST is that they are characterized by a specific kind of human activity and communication (psychosomatic skills and techniques, language, and psychological and emotional processes), rather than artificial tools, instruments, and devices. The center of ST is occupied by the human subject agent with his knowledge and beliefs, skills and habits, language and traditions.
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(2017): How can the study of action kinematics inform our understanding of human social interaction?. In: Neuropsychologia 105, S. 101-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.018
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119002 Abstract: The kinematics of human actions are influenced by the social context in which they are performed. Motion-capture technology has allowed researchers to build up a detailed and complex picture of how action kinematics vary across different social contexts. Here we review three task domains-point-to-point imitation tasks, motor interference tasks and reach-to-grasp tasks-to critically evaluate how these tasks can inform our understanding of social interactions. First, we consider how actions within these task domains are performed in a non-social context, before highlighting how a plethora of social cues can perturb the baseline kinematics. We show that there is considerable overlap in the findings from these different tasks domains but also highlight the inconsistencies in the literature and the possible reasons for this. Specifically, we draw attention to the pitfalls of dealing with rich, kinematic data. As a way to avoid these pitfalls, we call for greater standardisation and clarity in the reporting of kinematic measures and suggest the field would benefit from a move towards more naturalistic tasks.
Keywords: Favoriten, Imitation, Interaktion, interference of social interaction, Kinematics, kinematics and social interaction, Kinematik, kinematische Dimension, Kontext, Körperbewegungen / Kinematik, Modelle/Theorien, Motor, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, social, social interaction, Soziale Angemessenheit -
(2017): Artificial agents among us. Should we recognize them as agents proper?. In: Ethics and Information Technology 19 (1), S. 1-17. DOI: 10.1007/s10676-016-9411-3
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, I discuss whether in a society where the use of artificial agents is pervasive, these agents should be recognized as having rights like those we accord to group agents. This kind of recognition I understand to be at once social and legal, and I argue that in order for an artificial agent to be so recognized, it will need to meet the same basic conditions in light of which group agents are granted such recognition. I then explore the implications of granting recognition in this manner. The thesis I will be defending is that artificial agents that do meet the conditions of agency in light of which we ascribe rights to group agents should thereby be recognized as having similar rights. The reason for bringing group agents into the picture is that, like artificial agents, they are not self-evidently agents of the sort to which we would naturally ascribe rights, or at least that is what the historical record suggests if we look, for example, at what it took for corporations to gain legal status in the law as group agents entitled to rights and, consequently, as entities subject to responsibilities. This is an example of agency ascribed to a nonhuman agent, and just as a group agent can be described as nonhuman, so can an artificial agent. Therefore, if these two kinds of nonhuman agents can be shown to be sufficiently similar in relevant ways, the agency ascribed to one can also be ascribed to the other-this despite the fact that neither is human, a major impediment when it comes to recognizing an entity as an agent proper, and hence as a bearer of rights.
Keywords: agency, Anerkennung, Anerkennung technischer Systeme, Anerkennung und technische Systeme, Artificial agent, artificial agents, doppelter Treffer, Favoriten, Group agent, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Personhood, RATIONALITY, Realtechnik, recognition and self, responsibility, Rights, Serviceroboter, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Technik -
(2017): Artificial cognition for social human–robot interaction. An implementation. In: Artificial Intelligence 247, S. 45-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2016.07.002
Abstract: Human–Robot Interaction challenges Artificial Intelligence in many regards: dynamic, partially unknown environments that were not originally designed for robots; a broad variety of situations with rich semantics to understand and interpret; physical interactions with humans that requires fine, low-latency yet socially acceptable control strategies; natural and multi-modal communication which mandates common-sense knowledge and the representation of possibly divergent mental models. This article is an attempt to characterise these challenges and to exhibit a set of key decisional issues that need to be addressed for a cognitive robot to successfully share space and tasks with a human. We identify first the needed individual and collaborative cognitive skills: geometric reasoning and situation assessment based on perspective-taking and affordance analysis; acquisition and representation of knowledge models for multiple agents (humans and robots, with their specificities); situated, natural and multi-modal dialogue; human-aware task planning; human–robot joint task achievement. The article discusses each of these abilities, presents working implementations, and shows how they combine in a coherent and original deliberative architecture for human–robot interaction. Supported by experimental results, we eventually show how explicit knowledge management, both symbolic and geometric, proves to be instrumental to richer and more natural human–robot interactions by pushing for pervasive, human-level semantics within the robot's deliberative system.
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(2017) : Interpersonale Pragmatik und (Un)Höflichkeitsforschung In: Ehrhardt, Claus; Neuland, Eva (Hg.): Sprachliche Höflichkeit: Historische, aktuelle und künftige Perspektiven: Tübingen, Germany: Narr Francke Attempto, S. 77-88