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  • 2016

  • Maffi, Irene (2016): The Detour of an Obstetric Technology. Active Management of Labor Across Cultures. In: Medical anthropology 35 (1), S. 17-30. DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2015.1091817

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484745 

    Abstract: Active management of labor (AML) is an obstetric technology developed in Ireland in the 1970s to accelerate labor in nulliparous women. This technology achieved rapid success in Great Britain and in English-speaking countries outside America, which adopted it before many other states around the world. In this article, I explore AML's technical and social characteristics when it was first designed, and then examine its local inflections in a Jordanian and a Swiss maternity hospital to shed light on the ways its transnational circulation modifies its script. I argue that its application is shaped by local material constraints and specific sociocultural configurations, gender regimes, and hospital cultures. Finally, I make a comparative analysis of AML practices in these two settings and in the foundational textbook to disentangle the technical and sociocultural components modeling its local applications.

    Keywords: Active management of labor (AML), ANTHROPOLOGY, Disziplin, Ethnology, Female, Geburt, Gender, Human Body, Humans, Jordan, Konventionen, Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtechnik, Kulturtheorie, Kulturvergleich, labor, Medical, Medizin, Normen, Observablen, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, script, Switzerland, Women

  • 2014

  • Schulman, Vanessa Meikle (2014): Managing subjects, manufacturing citizens. Picturing sites of social control in nineteenth-century America. In: Early Popular Visual Culture 12 (2), S. 104-126. DOI: 10.1080/17460654.2014.923160

    Abstract: This article examines structures of social control that became institutionalized in the United States in the 1870s and 1880s. In particular, it examines how key philanthropic and penal institutions within New York City, including the school, workhouse and prison, were represented in the illustrated popular press as sites for both controlling and training an industrializing workforce. Examining how the language of scientific management seeped into the social realm, this essay argues that visual representations of these sites helped to reinforce normative middle-class ideals about education, work and punishment. Examining the ways that artists interpreted and framed these sites for a group of primarily middle-class viewers and readers, this essay argues that social systems helped to construct an ideal, imagined citizen who is, first and foremost, an efficient worker. The purpose of these institutions was, in main part, to teach their inmates to labor and to replicate the state apparatus by maintaining social order. This article also deals with the increasingly structured and professional implementation of education and social work during the years leading up to the Progressive Era.

    Keywords: Bildsemantik, education, Identitätsstiftung, Kulturtechnik, Kunst, Kunstgeschichte, labor, Rollen, social control, Social Rank, social systems, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Soziale Ordnung, United States, Vergangenheit / Erziehung, visual culture, Vorurteile, Zuschreiben einer erwarteten Rolle
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