Alle Publikationen
2014
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(2014) : Would you like to play with me? In: Sagerer, Gerhard; Imai, Michita; Belpaeme, Tony; Thomaz, Andrea (Hg.): HRI'14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : March 3-6, 2014, Bielefeld, Germany. Unter Mitarbeit von Gerhard Sagerer und Michita Imai: the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference: Bielefeld, Germany: 3/3/2014 - 3/6/2014. Hri; Association for Computing Machinery; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 9-16
Abstract: In the present experiment, we investigated how robots' social category membership and characteristics of an HRI task affect humans' evaluative and behavioral reactions toward robots. Participants (N = 38) played a card game together with two robots, one belonging to participants' social in-group and the other one being a social out-group member. Furthermore, participants were either asked to cooperate with the in- and to compete with the out-group robot (congruent condition), or they were asked to cooperate with the out-group robot while competing with the in-group robot (incongruent condition). The results largely support our hypotheses: Participants showed more positive evaluative reactions toward the in-group (vs. the out-group) robot and they anthropomorphized it more strongly, independent of the congruency or incongruence of the HRI. Moreover, if required, participants cooperated with both the in- and the out-group robot, whereas their cooperativeness was more pronounced toward the in-group robot. Finally, participants indicated more difficulties with the HRI in the incongruent vs. the congruent condition. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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(2014) : The role of social media in supporting elderly quality daily life: Proceedings: 2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr) : 2nd-5th September 2014, Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia: 2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr): Shah Alam, Malaysia: 9/2/2014 - 9/5/2014: [Piscataway, N.J.]: IEEE, S. 253-257
Abstract: It is importance to address the quality of life among elderly because elder are easily exposed to problem relate to psychology disability due to loss of social communication and declining of interaction. The advantage of social media technology such as the Facebook which able to connect people, indirectly bonding up the social needs between each of individuals especially elderly. The goal of this study is to investigate how social media can support elderly deal with their everyday routine life. Netnography method has been used to investigate how the elderly communicate using the social media technology specifically trough the Facebook. The field investigation through social media technology with a three months of participant-observation is done. The participant age ranging from 55 years old to 70 has been chosen. The findings of this study show how Facebook helps elderly in their daily life which align with the seven components of the “Quality of Life”.
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(2014): The gentlemen's book of etiquette and manual of politeness. London: Hesperus Classics
Abstract: From advice on how to treat ladies, how to behave at a party, and rules for traveling abroad, this handy 19th-century guidebook will provide entertaining nuggets of wisdom. Ever wondered what to do in polite society if you find an insect in your food? Or how a gentleman should ask a lady to dance? And what on earth is the etiquette for smoking cigars? First published in 1860, this classic guide to gentlemanly behavior is a veritable mine of information and indispensable advice for aspiring gentlemen. No matter if a man finds himself at home, in the street, or in a place of amusement, he has but to leaf through this book to learn how best to behave, and indeed how not to behave. And if he can find time between his numerous invitations to balls and hunting parties, he could benefit from a perusal of the sections on gentlemanly deportment and conversational technique. Not forgetting, of course, the all-important advice on how to treat ladies, surely an integral part of any true gentleman's training.
Keywords: Etiquette for men, Gestik/Mimik, Good manners, Historiographie, History of manners, Kultur, manners, REFERENCE, Regelwerke, Rollen, Selbstdisziplin/-kontrolle, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Klasse / Schicht, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Sprachgebrauch, Umgangsformen, Werte -
(2014) : Safety and ethical issues in the development of human assistive robots In: Sankai, Yoshiyuki; Suzuki, Kenji; Hasegawa, Yasuhisa (Hg.): Cybernics: Fusion of human, machine and information systems: New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media, S. 299-313
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54159-2_15 Abstract: Recent advances in robot technology have led to the practical use of various human assistive robots. With the increase in such robots, there comes a demand to establish a social system that ensures the safety of the users and protects trial subjects. In this chapter we give an overview of the safety and ethical issues in the development of human assistive robots. We first describe the recent standardization activities for the safety of human assistive robots. We next discuss an ethical issue in the development of robots and introduce our proposed stepwise development process for protection of trial subjects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Unsichtbares sichtbar machen. Forschungsprobleme in der Psychoanalyse. 2. Aufl.. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Schriften des Sigmund-Freud-Instituts. Reihe 2)Keywords: Psychoanalyse
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(2014): Violence and decorum in the Review of Horace. For a critique of the notion of external decorum. In: DIX-SEPTIEME SIECLE (264), S. 549-570Keywords: decorum, Ohne Abstract oder Text
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(2014) : Avoiding robot faux pas: Using Social Context to Teach Robots Behavioral Propriety In: Sagerer, Gerhard; Imai, Michita; Belpaeme, Tony; Thomaz, Andrea (Hg.): HRI'14: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : March 3-6, 2014, Bielefeld, Germany. Unter Mitarbeit von Gerhard Sagerer und Michita Imai: the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference: Bielefeld, Germany: 3/3/2014 - 3/6/2014. Hri; Association for Computing Machinery; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 168-169
Abstract: Contextual cues strongly influence the behavior of people in social environments, and people are very adept at interpreting and responding to these cues. While robots are becoming increasingly present in these spaces, they do not yet share humans' essential sense of contextually-bounded social propriety. However, it is essential for robots to be able to modify their behavior depending on context so that they operate in an appropriate manner across a variety of situations. In our work, we are building models of context for social robots, that operate on real-world, naturalistic, noisy data, across multi-context and multi-person settings. In this paper, we discuss one aspect of this work, which concerns teaching a robot an appropriateness function for interrupting a person in a public space. We trained a support-vector machine (SVM) to learn an association between contextual cues and the reaction of people being interrupted by a robot across three different contexts. Overall, our results are promising, and further work on integrating context models into social robots could lead to interesting and impactful findings across the HRI community.
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(2014): Facetten von Affordanzen gebauter Umwelten. Eine perspektivendifferenzierte Analyse eines Innenraums für kommunale Dienstleistungen. Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 an der Universität Göttingen, Georg-Elias-Müller-Institut für Psychologie. Wiesbaden: Springer
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(2014) : social cognitive developmental perspective on moral judgment. In: de Waal, Frans Bernardus Maria: Evolved Morality: The Biology and Philosophy of Human Conscience: Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, S. 315-335
Abstract: Moral judgment constitutes an important aspect of adults' social interactions. How do adults' moral judgments develop? We discuss work from cognitive and social psychology on adults' moral judgment, and we review developmental research to illuminate its origins. Work in these fields shows that adults make nuanced moral judgments based on a number of factors, including harm aversion, and that the origins of such judgments lie early in development. We begin by reviewing evidence showing that distress signals can cue moral judgments but are not necessary for moral judgment to occur. Next, we discuss findings demonstrating that both children and adults distinguish moral violations from violations of social norms, and we highlight the influence of both moral rules and social norms on moral Judgment. We also discuss the influence of actors' intentions on moral judgment. Finally, we offer some closing thoughts on potential similarities between moral cognition and reasoning about other i deologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 27
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(2014): Evaluation of Proxemic Scaling Functions for Social Robotics. In: IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 44 (3), S. 374-385. DOI: 10.1109/THMS.2014.2304075
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2014.2304075 Abstract: This paper introduces and empirically evaluates two scaling functions to alter a robot’s physical movements based on proximity to a human. Previous research has focused on individual aspects of proxemics, like the appropriate distance to maintain from a human, but has not explored autonomous methods to adapt robot behavior as proximity changes. This paper proposes that robots in a social role should modify their behavior using a continuous function mapped to proximity. The method developed calculates a gain value from proximity readings, which is used to shape the execution of active behaviors on the robot. In order to identify the effects of different mappings from proximity to gain value, two different scaling functions were implemented on an affective search and rescue robot. The findings from a 72 participant study, in a high-fidelity mock disaster site, are examined with attention given to a new measure to determine proxemic awareness. The results indicated that for attributes of intelligence, likability, proxemic awareness, and submissiveness, a logarithmic-based scaling function is preferred over a linear-based scaling function, and over no scaling function. In areas of participant comfort and participant stress, the results indicated both logarithmic and linear scaling functions were preferred to no scaling.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Atmospheric measurements, autonomous methods, disasters, emergency services, high-fidelity mock disaster site, Human–robot interaction (HRI), human–robot proxemics, ieee xplore, intelligence attributes, Interpolation, Joints, Lighting, linear-based scaling function, logarithmic-based scaling function, Particle measurements, proxemic awareness, proxemic scaling function evaluation, Proxemics, rescue robots, robot physical movements, Robot sensing systems, search, service robot, Social robotic, social robots, submissiveness attributes -
(2014): Profiling nonhuman intelligence. An exercise in developing unbiased tools for describing other “types” of intelligence on earth. In: Acta Astronautica 94 (2), S. 676-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.08.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.08.007 Abstract: Intelligence has historically been studied by comparing nonhuman cognitive and language abilities with human abilities. Primate-like species, which show human-like anatomy and share evolutionary lineage, have been the most studied. However, when comparing animals of non-primate origins our abilities to profile the potential for intelligence remains inadequate. Historically our measures for nonhuman intelligence have included a variety of tools: (1) physical measurements – brain to body ratio, brain structure/convolution/neural density, presence of artifacts and physical tools, (2) observational and sensory measurements – sensory signals, complexity of signals, cross-modal abilities, social complexity, (3) data mining – information theory, signal/noise, pattern recognition, (4) experimentation – memory, cognition, language comprehension/use, theory of mind, (5) direct interfaces – one way and two way interfaces with primates, dolphins, birds and (6) accidental interactions – human/animal symbiosis, cross-species enculturation. Because humans tend to focus on “human-like” attributes and measures and scientists are often unwilling to consider other “types” of intelligence that may not be human equated, our abilities to profile “types” of intelligence that differ on a variety of scales is weak. Just as biologists stretch their definitions of life to look at extremophiles in unusual conditions, so must we stretch our descriptions of types of minds and begin profiling, rather than equating, other life forms we may encounter. COMPLEX (COmplexity of Markers for Profiling Life in EXobiology) offers a new approach to profile a variety of organisms along multiple dimensions including EQ – Encephalization Quotient, CS – Communication Signal complexity, IC – Individual Complexity, SC – Social Complexity and II – Interspecies Interaction. Because Earth species are found along a variety of continuums, defining an intelligence profile along these different trajectories rather than comparing them only to human intelligence, may give us insight into a potential tool for quickly assessing unknown species. The application of profiling nonhuman species, out of world, will be both observational and potentially interactive in some way. Using profiles and indicators gleaned from Earth species to help us develop profiles and using pattern recognition, modeling and other data mining techniques could help jump start our understanding of other organisms and their potential for certain “types” of intelligence.
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(2014) : Design of affective robot-assisted activity for children with autism spectrum disorders: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, Scotland: IEEE, S. 365-370
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2014.6926280 Abstract: Recent studies on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have reported that positive emotions can be a good incentive for children with ASD to perform spontaneous positive social behaviors. Based on this findings, we propose an affective robot-assisted activity (ARAA) for fostering social interaction and communication skills among children with ASD by promoting their positive emotional responses through interaction with a robot. As it has been termed spectrum, every child has different social and affective characteristics that should be taken into account. However, due to difficulties in programming the robot's behavior, conventional RAA systems did not allow the therapist to customize the activity according to the characteristics of each individual. To tackle this problem, we developed a comprehensive framework of ARAA that consists of (i) a robot tele-operation method that allows a therapist to improvise a robot's behavior in real-time and (ii) a quantitative measurement method to describe social interaction within both behavioral and affective aspects.
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(2014): Power and Politeness in the Workplace. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis (Routledge Linguistics Classics). Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1798403
Abstract: Power and Politeness in the Workplace provides insights into the way we all talk at work. The book contains a wealth of material illustrating the way people communicate with each other in their ordinary everyday encounters in their workplaces. The analysis focuses, in particular, on how and why people ""do"" power and politeness in the workplace, and examines the discourse strategies involved in balancing the competing demands of meeting workplace objectives and getting things done on time with maintaining good collegial workplace relationships. Drawing on a large and very varied corpus of dat
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House, Robert J.; Dorfman, Peter W.; Javidan, Mansour; Hanges, Paul J.; Sully De Luque, Mary F. (Hg.) (2014): Strategic leadership across cultures. The GLOBE study of CEO leadership behavior and effectiveness in 24 countries. Los Angeles, Calif.: Sage
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(2014): Moral expertise. In: New Ideas in Psychology 34, S. 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2014.02.001
Abstract: We offer a theory of moral expertise based on an updated version of the Thomistic concept of habitus. We maintain that mature moral control arises from internalized standards of belief married to corresponding actions; the result is moral expertise. Beliefs and actions (conceptualized as habitus) coalesce in a moral identity, which is then sustained by the beliefs and actions that comprise the habitus; what we do affects who we are and what we believe, just as what we believe guides what we do. In support of these claims, we examine recent research on moral judgment, moral identity, and moral emotions.
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(2014) : Sympathy expression model for the bystander robot in group communication: 2014 International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM): Puerto Princesa, Philippines: IEEE, S. 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM.2014.7016192 Abstract: In this paper, we propose a sympathy expression model for a bystander robot that honors the concept of moral emotion. Therefore, we pay attention to the robot that is in a bystander position, which is unrelated to the communication between participants. We propose a sympathy expression model that lets a bystander robot learn the emotional display of others and enables cooperative expressiveness. This model allows the appropriate expressiveness affecting communication of a robot in the position of a bystander. To test it, we assume the interaction of three robots with the emotion generation model using the neural network. Further, we inspect the movement of this model by using a psychology model. As a result, we confirmed the appropriate actions of this model.
Keywords: bystander robot, control engineering computing, emotion generation model, Ethics, group communication, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, moral emotion, neural nets, neural network, Observers, PSYCHOLOGY, psychology model, Robot kinematics, Robot sensing systems, Sympathy, sympathy expression model, Vectors -
(2014): Tactful calling. Investigating asymmetric social dilemmas in mobile communications. In: Behaviour & Information Technology 33 (12), S. 1317-1332. DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2014.928743
Abstract: Recipients of phone calls face a constant dilemma between ignoring calls at the possible expense of offending the caller, missing business opportunities or neglecting family members on one hand; and answering them at the expense of interrupting their train of thought or appearing rude and impolite towards others with whom they share a social activity on the other hand. We studied people's attitudes regarding these dilemmas, with emphasis on their social aspects. In a cross-cultural study, conducted in Israel and in Germany, we surveyed both caller and recipient attitudes towards answering mobile phone calls in various circumstances. The study also assessed the aspects of providing contextual information about a call prior to it being answered, including types of information deemed most valuable. The results emphasise the importance of social norms in affecting respondents' attitudes towards making or accepting phone calls regardless of role (caller or recipient), gender or culture. We also found that the norms in the physical context (e.g. being in a meeting) prevailed over norms in the virtual context (e.g. the phone call). Cultural and gender differences did not affect the degree to which people were frustrated by insufficient information regarding the other party's context. However, these factors did affect the suggested design solutions to this problem. The research provides insight into the social aspects of the problem of interruptive mobile phone calls and towards designing applications that help users maintain politeness while handling the caller-recipient dilemma.
Keywords: POWER -
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science and Technology; Ethics (2014): 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering. 23 - 24 May 2014, Chicago, IL, USA. 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). Chicago, IL, USA, 5/23/2014 - 5/24/2014. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
Abstract: We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans-in short, social robots-must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don't know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man (2014): RO-MAN: the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2014. 25 - 29 Aug. 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 2014 RO-MAN: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Edinburgh, UK, 8/25/2014 - 8/29/2014. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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(2014): ’e-Protocol’ AND IC. In: TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, S. 21-33
Abstract: The current research aims at providing the academic world with a new integrated and cross-disciplinary approach to Protocol and IT&ICT consequences for administrative staff training. The need to upgrade and update the training programs for public administrations staff according to IC&T requirements matches the prospective expert / professionals framework of competences. A key observation is that the litera-ture in the feld of staff training for social and institutional protocol within notorious training centers focuses more on the status-quo of the desirable competences and less on technology. By means of a rather refexive set of tools, we have tried to offer some support so as to digitize the social and institutional protocol, thus promoting some software packages designed by experts in both fields. Moreover, this software is likely to sustain both training and professional development pro-grams as well as effcient specialized procedures for promotion and simulation.
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(2014): Kritik von Lebensformen. 1. Aufl., Orig.-Ausg. Berlin: SuhrkampKeywords: Anerkennung, Criticism (Philosophy), Disziplin, Ethik, Favoriten, Honneth und aktuelle Kritische Theorie, Kritik, Kultur- und Geisteswissenschaften / Philosophie, Lebensform, Modelle/Theorien, Moralkritik, Normen, Philosophie, Philosophische Anthropologie, Philosophy, Politik, Politische Ethik, social sciences, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Normen, Sozialphilosophie, Spielregeltheoretische Ansätze, Spielregeltheoretische Anstätze
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Jamshidi, Mo (2014): Advance Trends in Soft Computing. Proceedings of WCSC 2013, December 16-18, San Antonio, Texas, USA. Wcsc; World Conference on Soft Computing. Cham: Springer (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6 Abstract: This book is the proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Soft Computing (WCSC), which was held in San Antonio, TX, USA, on December 16-18, 2013. It presents start-of-the-art theory and applications of soft computing together with an in-depth discussion of current and future challenges in the field, providing readers with a 360 degree view on soft computing. Topics range from fuzzy sets, to fuzzy logic, fuzzy mathematics, neuro-fuzzy systems, fuzzy control, decision making in fuzzy environments, image processing and many more. The book is dedicated to Lotfi A. Zadeh, a renowned specialist in signal analysis and control systems research who proposed the idea of fuzzy sets, in which an element may have a partial membership, in the early 1960s, followed by the idea of fuzzy logic, in which a statement can be true only to a certain degree, with degrees described by numbers in the interval [0,1]. The performance of fuzzy systems can often be improved with the help of optimization techniques, e.g. evolutionary computation, and by endowing the corresponding system with the ability to learn, e.g. by combining fuzzy systems with neural networks. The resulting “consortium” of fuzzy, evolutionary, and neural techniques is known as soft computing and is the main focus of this book
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(2014): Social influences in opinion dynamics. The role of conformity. In: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 414, S. 19-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2014.07.018
Abstract: We study the effects of social influences in opinion dynamics. In particular, we define a simple model, based on the majority rule voting, in order to consider the role of conformity. Conformity is a central issue in social psychology as it represents one of people’s behaviors that emerges as a result of their interactions. The proposed model represents agents, arranged in a network and provided with an individual behavior, that change opinion in function of those of their neighbors. In particular, agents can behave as conformists or as nonconformists. In the former case, agents change opinion in accordance with the majority of their social circle (i.e., their neighbors); in the latter case, they do the opposite, i.e., they take the minority opinion. Moreover, we investigate the nonconformity both on a global and on a local perspective, i.e., in relation to the whole population and to the social circle of each nonconformist agent, respectively. We perform a computational study of the proposed model, with the aim to observe if and how the conformity affects the related outcomes. Moreover, we want to investigate whether it is possible to achieve some kind of equilibrium, or of order, during the evolution of the system. Results highlight that the amount of nonconformist agents in the population plays a central role in these dynamics. In particular, conformist agents play the role of stabilizers in fully-connected networks, whereas the opposite happens in complex networks. Furthermore, by analyzing complex topologies of the agent network, we found that in the presence of radical nonconformist agents the topology of the system has a prominent role; otherwise it does not matter since we observed that a conformist behavior is almost always more convenient. Finally, we analyze the results of the model by considering that agents can change also their behavior over time, i.e., conformists can become nonconformists and vice versa. zitiert von 35
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(2014) : Acting vs. being moral: The limits of technological moral actors: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE, S. 1-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893396 Abstract: An autonomous robot (physical or digital artificial being) may be capable of producing actions that if performed by a human could be considered moral, by mimicking its creators actions or following their programmed instructions, but it cannot be moral. Morality cannot be fully judged by any behavioral test, as the answer to moral questions is less important than the process followed in arriving at the answer (as evidenced by disagreement among ethicists on the correct answer to many such questions based on the individual’s moral style). The distinction between acting and being moral was recently considered for lethal autonomous military robots [1], and in this paper is further clarified in the context of more broad applications. In addition such a distinction has implications for what types of tasks autonomous robots should not be allowed to do, based on what must be moral decisions. Here we draw a distinction between what might be illegal for an agent to do (which relates more to the agreed upon laws of the current political leadership), and what actions are so innately moral decisions that we cannot delegate them to a machine, no matter how advanced it appears.
Keywords: behavioral test, Buildings, Computers, Decision Making, digital artificial being, Educational institutions, Ethics, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, lethal autonomous military robots, military systems, Moral & Ethik, moral decisions, Morality, physical being, political leadership, programmed instructions, robot programming, Robot sensing systems, technological moral actors, Weapons -
(2014) : Principles for the future development of artificial agents: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: 23 - 24 May 2014, Chicago, IL, USA: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS): Chicago, IL, USA: 5/23/2014 - 5/24/2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science and Technology; Ethics: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 1-3
Abstract: A survey of popular, technical and scholarly literature suggests that autonomous artificial agents will populate the future. Although some visions may seem fanciful, autonomous artificial agents are being designed, built, and deployed in a wide range of sectors. The specter of future artificial agents - with more learning capacity and more autonomy - raises important questions about responsibility. Can anyone (any humans) be responsible for the behavior of entities that learn as they go and operate autonomously? This paper takes as its starting place that humans are and always should be held responsible for the behavior of machines, even machines that learn and operate autonomously. In order to prevent evolution to a future in which no humans are thought to be responsible for the behavior of artificial agents, four principles are proposed, principles that should be kept in mind as artificial agents are developed.