Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Ethics in Robotics Research: CERNA Mission and Context. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 24 (3), S. 139-145. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2016.2611586 Abstract: This article summarizes the recommendations concerning robotics as issued by the Commission for the Ethics of Research in Information Sciences and Technologies (CERNA), the French advisory commission for the ethics of information and communication technology (ICT) research. Robotics has numerous applications in which its role can be overwhelming and may lead to unexpected consequences. In this rapidly evolving technological environment, CERNA does not set novel ethical standards but seeks to make ethical deliberation inseparable from scientific activity. Additionally, it provides tools and guidance for researchers and research institutions.
2014
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(2014): Medical professionalism. An experimental look at physicians’ Facebook profiles. In: Medical Education Online 19 (1). DOI: 10.3402/meo.v19.23149
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v19.23149 Abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of social networking services (SNS) is on the rise. While many users sign in for personal purposes, it is not uncommon for professionals to connect over SNSs with clients, students, and patients. METHODS: The present study used an experimental approach to examine how medical doctors' SNS profiles impacted potential patients' impressions of professionalism. Participants (N=250 students) were randomly assigned to view one of six Facebook profiles. Profiles were populated with 1) solely professional material, 2) personal material that was strictly healthy, or 3) personal material that included unhealthy behavior. Profiles portrayed a male or female physician resulting in a total of six experimental conditions. Medical professionalism was measured with the First Impressions of Medical Professionalism (FIMP) scale, specifically developed for this study. RESULTS: There was a large and statistically significant main effect for profile type, F(2, 250)=54.77, p<0.001, ηp(2)=0.31. Post hoc tests indicated that personal profiles that contained healthy behavior were rated as most professional followed by profiles with strictly professional content. Personal unhealthy profiles were rated as least professional. Additionally, female profiles consistently received higher professionalism ratings across all three profile types [F(1, 250)=5.04, p=0.026, ηp(2)=0.02]. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a physician's SNS profile affects a patient's perception of that physician's medical professionalism. A personal, healthy profile may augment a patient's perception of that physician's character virtues if the profile content upholds the decorum of the medical field.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Daten, Datenschutz, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Experte-Laie, Information, Kommunikation, Medien, Medienwirksamkeit, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Professionalität, angemessene Selbstdarstellung, Rolle (Beruf), Social Network, Social Network Einfluss, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Medien, Sozialpsychologie, Wahrnehmung angemessener Selbstdarstellung, Facebook -
(2014): Gerechtigkeitsurteile und Konflikte. Warum Menschen unfaire Informationen bevorzugen. In: Konfliktdynamik 3 (1), S. 8-17
Abstract: Grunde fur die Bevorzugung unfairer Informationen in Konflikten werden reflektiert. Nach einem Einblick in Prozesse der fairessrelevanten Informationssuche in Konfliktsituationen werden basierend auf der Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz und der Fairness-Heuristik-Theorie Bewertungsprozesse erlautert. Anhand empirischer Befunde wird die Praferenz von Informationen verdeutlicht, die eine unfaire Wahrnehmung unterstutzen. Als Ursache fur diese Praferenz wird die unterschiedliche Glaubwurdigkeit von als fair und als unfair wahrgenommenen Informationen diskutiert, aus der diefolgende Hypothese abgeleitet wird: Wahrend wahrgenommene Fairness als zweifelhaft beurtielt wird wird und somit eine vertiefende der Informationssuche hervorruft, wird Unfairnessempfinden als so uberzeugend wahrgenommen, dass es zur Bestatigung des ersten Eindrucks motiviert. Die Bedeutung dieser Prozesse fur die Vermittlung von positiven Fairnessinformationen in Konfliktsituationen und fur die Konfliktlosung wird verdeutlicht. Source: 978-3-642-19034-6
2012
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(2012): Reducing Endorsement of Benevolent and Modern Sexist Beliefs. In: Social Psychology 43 (3), S. 127-137. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000091
Abstract: In two experiments, the present research identifies basic mechanisms for reducing endorsement of benevolent and modern sexist beliefs. Responses to attitudinal measures and a collective action measure on policy beliefs in Study 1 (N = 164) as well as to dating profiles in Study 1 and Study 2 (N = 159) support the hypothesis that endorsement of benevolent sexist beliefs can be reduced by providing information about its harmful consequences. Moreover, women and men become more aware of the full scope of gender discrimination and reduce their endorsement of modern sexist beliefs when they are provided with information about the harmful nature and pervasiveness of benevolent sexism. Theoretical implications regarding the linkage between benevolent and modern sexist beliefs and practical implications for reducing sexism are discussed.
2003
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(2003): Kultur, Selbstkonzept und Kognition. In: Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 211 (4), S. 212-224. DOI: 10.1026//0044-3409.211.4.212
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026//0044-3409.211.4.212 Abstract: Members of individualist cultures define their selves primarily as an autonomous and independent entity (independent self-construal). In collectivist cultures, identity is more likely defined by stressing the connectedness with others and being interdependent with them (interdependent self-construal). Many previous researchers have suggested that individuals process social information differently, depending on their self-construal. However, the exact mechanisms by which self-knowledge of one kind or the orther influences information processing have hitherto not fully been understood. One possible reason for this deficit is that causal hypotheses about the influence of indpendent and interdependent self-knowledge can not directly be tested in cross-cultural studies. In the present article we, therefore, present a model of the self, which aims at integrating the cross-cultural perspective on the self and a cognitive perspective on the dynamic nature of human information pro cessing. We review empirical evidence for the predictions derived from our model. Finally, possible theoretical contributions for both cross-cultural and cognitive psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 39
2000
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(2000): A Cross-Cultural Study on Escalation of Commitment Behavior in Software Projects. In: MIS Quarterly 24 (2). DOI: 10.2307/3250940
Abstract: One of the most challenging decisions that a manager must confront is whether to continue or abandon a troubled project. Published studies suggest that failing software projects are often allowed to continue for too long before appropriate management action is taken to discontinue or redirect the efforts. The level of sunk cost associated with such projects has been offered as one explanation for this escalation of commitment behavior. What prior studies fail to consider is how concepts from risk-taking theory (such as risk propensity and risk perception) affect decision makers' willingness to continue a project under conditions of sunk cost. To better understand factors that may cause decision makers to continue such projects, this study examines the level of sunk cost together with the risk propensity and risk perception of decision makers. These factors are assessed for cross-cultural robustness using matching laboratory experiments carried out in three cultures (Finland, the Netherlands, and Singapore). With a wider set of explanatory factors than prior studies, we could account fora higher amount of variance in decision makers' willingness to continue a project. The level of sunk cost and the risk perception of decision makers contributed significantly to their willingness to continue a project. Moreover, the risk propensity of decision makers was inversely related to risk perception. This inverse relationship was significantly stronger in Singapore (a low uncertainty avoidance culture) than in Finland and the Netherlands (high uncertainty avoidance cultures). These results reveal that some factors behind decision makers' willingness to continue a project am consistent across cultures while others may be culture-sensitive. Implications of these results for further research and practice are discussed.
Keywords: Business Studies, culture sensitive, DE-ESCALATION, DETERMINANTS, Disziplin, Einfluss von wirtschaftlichen/finanziellen Konsequenzen, entscheiden, escalation of commitment behavior, FRAMEWORK, Information, INVOLVEMENT, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Management, risk perception, risk propensity, Risk-Taking, software project management, STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS, sunk cost, SUNK COSTS 1993
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(1993): Unbewußte Informationsverarbeitung. 1. Aufl.. Bern: Huber (Aus dem Programm Huber)
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