Alle Publikationen
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2013
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(2013): On the cultural character of metaphor. Some reflections on Universality and Culture-specificity in the language and cognition of time, especially in Amerindian languages. In: REVIEW OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 11 (1), S. 1-35. DOI: 10.1075/rcl.11.1.01ber
Abstract: The paper is devoted to an analysis of the relation between language and culture in the context of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Section 2 deals in an explicitly critical way with some problems in the concept of "culture" as used in "mainstream" schools of CL. Section 3 offers a brief review of the problems involved in the studies on the concept of "time" and its metaphors. Section 4 reviews some interpretations of the concept of "time" in Amerindian cultures. Section 5 analyses the linguistic expression of time in Quechua, in an attempt to (dis)confirm the "past in front" conceptualisation proposed by some researchers for the (geographically and culturally close, but genetically unrelated) Aymara language. Some final conclusions follow.
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(2013): Understanding politeness. 1. publ. Cambridge u.a.: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Politeness is key to all of our relationships and plays a fundamental part in the way we communicate with each other and the way we define ourselves. It is not limited only to conventional aspects of linguistic etiquette, but encompasses all types of interpersonal behaviour through which we explore and maintain our relationships. This groundbreaking exploration navigates the reader through this fascinating area and introduces them to a variety of new insights. The book is divided into three parts and is based on an innovative framework which relies on the concepts of social practice, time and space. In this multidisciplinary approach, the authors capture a range of user and observer understandings and provide a variety of examples from different languages and cultures. With its reader-friendly style, carefully constructed exercises and useful glossary, Understanding Politeness will be welcomed by both researchers and postgraduate students working on politeness, pragmatics and sociolinguistics more broadly.
Keywords: Disziplin, Dritte Welle, Favoriten, frames, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der dritten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Überblick, Understandings of politeness 2011
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(2011): What Korean apologies require of politeness theory. In: Journal of Pragmatics 43 (5), S. 1303-1317. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2010.10.028
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.10.028 Abstract: This paper examines a corpus of Korean apologies to discover why a person apologizes and why they choose the form of apology that they do. It argues for an abstracted, generalized politeness1 model (Locher and Watts, 2005; Watts, 2003) in which politeness work in Korean is primarily concerned with relationship construction (Arundale, 2006; Haugh, 2007c; Matsumoto, 1988). This will involve both a notion of face, conceived as a psychological, acquired construct, and a set of frames (Terkourafi, 2005) that do not directly reference face. To arrive at this theoretical point, the paper begins by examining the social factors that influence choices in apology forms as predicted by Brown and Levinson (1987). Brown and Levinson’s model accurately predicts the relevance of many factors in form selection in Korean, such as relative power, social distance, and the severity of the act. However, the model itself is not an accurate model for Korean even in high abstraction. Instead of choosing a strategy based upon the weight of a face-threatening act, Koreans actively manage and create expectations for behavior in a relationship. Some expectations will resemble classic positive and negative face issues, while others will more directly reference culture-specific roles or common events.
Keywords: Angesicht, Apologies, Brown and Levinson's model, Distanz, Disziplin, Entschuldigung, Entschuldigungsforschung, Ernsthaftigkeit einer Situation, Erwartungen, Face, frames, Gesichtswahrung, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Interaktionspartner, Korean, Kultur, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Macht, Politeness, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sociolinguistics, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Distanz, Soziale Hierarchie, Sozialer Abstand, Sprachgebrauch -
(2011) : Anthropomorphism And Social Robots: Setting Etiquette Expectations In: Hayes, Caroline C.; Miller, Christopher Allan (Hg.): Human-computer etiquette: Cultural expectations and the design implications they place on computers and technology: Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, S. 231-262
Abstract: [-]
Keywords: Anthropomorphisierung, doppelter Treffer, Emotionen, Erwartungen, Etikette, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, frames, Gestik/Mimik, Konversationskonventionen als Etikette-Erwartungen, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Ohne Abstract oder Text, Realtechnik, Roboter, Rollen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozial Intelligente Agenten, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Soziosensitive Systeme, Status / biologische Marker, Technik 2008
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(2008): Frames und sprachliches Wissen. Kognitive Aspekte der semantischen Kompetenz. Dissertation. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Abstract: The book is concerned with frame theory, which in recent years has experienced an immense growth in interest, not only in Germanic Linguistics. Frames are knowledge structures in the long-term memory which are of relevance for understanding expressions in language. Thus, for example, the gratuity frame makes knowledge available about eating in a restaurant. Frames can also be deployed as analytical tools. This is demonstrated using the metaphor of "financial investors as locusts" coined by the then-SPD Minister of Labour Franz Müntefering
Keywords: Dietrich Busse, Einführungswerk, frame semantics, Frame-Forschung, frames, Framesemantik, Frame-Semantik, Grammatiktheorie, Kognitionstheorie, Kognitive Grammatik, Kognitive Linguistik, Korpusanalyse, linguistische Epistemologie, Martin Wengeler, Morphologie, Psycholinguistik, Referenz, Schemata, Semantik, Sprachtheorie, Sprachverstehen, Syntax, Überblick, Übersicht zu Framesemantik, Zeichentheorie 2005
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(2005): Politeness Theory and Relational Work. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 1 (1), S. 9-33. DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.9
Abstract: In this paper we briefly revisit politeness research influenced by Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory. We argue that this research tradition does not deal with politeness but with the mitigation of face-threatening acts (FTAs) in general. In our understanding, politeness cannot just be equated with FTA-mitigation because politeness is a discursive concept. This means that what is polite (or impolite) should not be predicted by analysts. Instead, researchers should focus on the discursive struggle in which interactants engage. This reduces politeness to a much smaller part of facework than was assumed until the present, and it allows for interpretations that consider behavior to be merely appropriate and neither polite nor impolite. We propose that relational work, the “work” individuals invest in negotiating relationships with others, which includes impolite as well as polite or merely appropriate behavior, is a useful concept to help investigate the discursive struggle over politeness. We demonstrate this in close readings of five examples from naturally occurring interactions.
Keywords: Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Erwartungen, Favoriten, frames, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der zweiten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Lebensstil, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Politeness Theory and Relational Work, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Zweite Welle -
(2005): Beyond the micro-level in politeness research. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 1 (2), S. 237-262. DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2005.1.2.237
Abstract: Politeness research to date has generally adopted one of two views: the “traditional” view based on the dual premises of Grice’s Co-operative Principle and speech act theory (Lakoff 1973, Brown and Levinson 1987 [1978], Leech 1983), or the “post-modern” view, which rejects these premises and substitutes them by an emphasis on participants’ own perceptions of politeness (politeness1) and on the discursive struggle over politeness (Eelen 2001, Mills 2003, Watts 2003). Contrasting these two views, this article considers not only their points of disagreement, but, crucially, points where the two views coincide, bringing to light their common underlying assumptions. It then goes on to show how, departing from these common assumptions, a third direction for politeness studies, the “frame-based” view, is possible. Following an outline of the frame-based view, it is suggested that this fits in with the traditional and the post-modern views in a three-layered schema addressing politeness phenomena at different levels of granularity.
2004
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(2004): A conceptual review of decision making in social dilemmas. Applying a logic of appropriateness. In: Personality and social psychology review: An official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 8 (3), S. 281-307. DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_4
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454350 Abstract: Despite decades of experimental social dilemma research, "theoretical integration has proven elusive" (Smithson & Foddy, 1999, p. 14). To advance a theory of decision making in social dilemmas, this article provides a conceptual review of the literature that applies a "logic of appropriateness" (March, 1994) framework. The appropriateness framework suggests that people making decisions ask themselves (explicitly or implicitly), "What does a person like me do in a situation like this? " This question identifies 3 significant factors: recognition and classification of the kind of situation encountered, the identity of the individual making the decision, and the application of rules or heuristics in guiding behavioral choice. In contrast with dominant rational choice models, the appropriateness framework proposed accommodates the inherently social nature of social dilemmas, and the role of rule and heuristic based processing. Implications for the interpretation of past findings and the direction of future research are discussed.
Keywords: Angemessenheit, Aufgabenstruktur, Communication, Decision Making, Disziplin, entscheiden, Entscheidungsstruktur, Favoriten, Female, frames, Gender, Group Processes, Gruppendynamik, Gruppengröße, Humans, Identität, Identität der Akteure, Kommunikation, Logic, Logic of Appropriateness, Logik, Macht und Status, Male, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Payoff Struktur, Persönliche Geschichte, Persönlichkeit, Protocol of Play, Psychologie, Regelwerke, Respnse Options, Sex Factors, Situationsdefinition, Situationsfaktoren, Social Behavior, Social Identification, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Motive, Soziale Struktur, Subjektive Definition der Entscheidungssituation, Überblick, Unsicherheit, Ursachen, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten, Wahrnehmungsfaktoren 2003
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(2003): Politeness. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press (Key topics in sociolinguistics). Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184
Abstract: Using a wide range of data from real-life speech situations, this new introduction to politeness breaks away from the limitations of current models and argues that the proper object of study in politeness theory must be commonsense notions of what politeness and impoliteness are
Keywords: Disziplin, Etiquette, Favoriten, Forms of address, frames, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der zweiten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Klassiker, Lebensstil, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Politeness Theory and Relational Work, Sociolinguistics, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziolinguistik, Sprache, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Zweite Welle
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